The Effect of Velocity Ratio Study on Microchannel Hydrodynamics Focused of Mixing Glycerol Nitration Reaction

The paper describes the effect of velocity ratio for mixing glycerol nitration in microchannel hydrodynamic that focused on the stream width. The method used are experimental and theory modeling of hydrodynamic fluid flow focused on predicting behavior stream width glycerol nitration.The research uses microchannel hydrodynamics focused on consisting of three channels inlet (one core and two sheaths). The core glycerol the beginning of the sheath distributed nitric acid with sulphuric acid as a catalyst. The length channel dimension of inlet and outlet of L1, L2, L3 = 1000 μm, L4 = 4000 μm with the width of D1, D2, D3, D4= 300 μm, and the depth of  w =200 μm. using transparent material that is acrylic with thickness (T1 and T2 ) as 5 mm arranged accumulated. Fluid volume glycerol of the core of 2 ml, and volume nitric acid of 1.05 ml (+ aquades 0.75 ml) and sulphuric acid 0.1 ml (+ aquades 0.1 ml). The independent variable namely variation the velocity ratio (v2 / v1 ) 0.5,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10, and 11. It is Added a slight coloring yellow to fluid glycerol and red to a fluid mixture of nitric acid and sulphuric acid, to understand the mixing process of fluid at the reaction of glycerol nitration. The  mixing of the measurement of stream width performed on the ratio of the length (α = L4 / L1 ) of 1 , 2 and 3.The result shows that diffusion of regional differences takes place in the velocity ratio shown by color changing of data on the picture. The width of focus stream is smaller as increasing the velocity ratio. This is caused by the pressure of a fluid channel sheath against core channel fluid is greater than diffusion reaction, as well as the energy required that is used to form a molecular bond

The effect of spirituality-based education on the meaning of life in cancer patients: a quasi-experimental study

Introduction. Patients with cancer face challenges in finding the meaning of life. This study aimed to examine the effect of spirituality-based education on the meaning of life of cancer patients.  Material and methods. This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest and posttest design with two groups. The data were collected by using personal information forms and the meaning-of-life questionnaire. Patients in Iran were selected via convenience sampling and were divided into the experimental (n = 85) and control groups (n = 84) based on nonrandom allocation. The experimental group received six sessions of mobile spirituality-based education in three weeks. One month after the pretest and at the end of the spirituality-based education, the posttest was conducted. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics with SPSS software.  Results. A comparison of the scores of the patients in the two groups after the intervention suggested a significant increase in the scores for the presence of meaning, search for meaning, and meaning of life for the patients in the experimental group (p = 0.001).  Conclusions. The results of this study indicated that spirituality-based education can be one of the useful, effective, and applicable educational techniques to improve the meaning of life of cancer patients.

Premixed Combustion of Coconut Oil in a Hele-shaw Cell

Coconut oil combustion characteristic is observed experimentally by evaporating oil in the boiler then mix it with air before being burned at various equivalence ratios in the Hele-shaw cell. The result shows that, coconut oil tends to break into glycerol and fatty acid due to hydrolysis reaction producing the flame propagation, where the fatty acid flame propagates first then glycerol flame. Micro-explosion occurs when moisture from fatty acid combustion is absorbed by glycerol and higher heating due to higher flame speed produces more micro-explosion

Expermential Study of the Performance of Fluorescence Collector

The luminescent concentrator which used consisting of organic fluorescence dyes such as Rhodamine 6G doped in article Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to configure a specific membrane thickness, and then put these films on the glass plate solar collector model with energy halogen Lamp (1000 Watt) as a source of light to represent of fluorescence collector. Examining the effect of these pigments on the efficiency of the solar collector as a function of the temperature difference between the water inside and outside of the solar collector. Where the increasing in the amount of the difference between the temperature refers to increasing the efficiency of the performance of solar collector. Results showed that the efficient performance of the solar collector increases with the increase in the intensity of incident light with existence the luminescent concentrator ,where the rising water temperature of (24 K) compared with (20 K) when there is not existence the luminescent concentrator when the intensity of radiation falling (1500 W/m2) and increasing efficiency of solar collector to 20%

Technical factors associated with polypharmacy management through Leavitt’s sociotechnical model

Background: Global advancement toward aging highlights inappropriate polypharmacy in the elderly as an increasingly critical health issue. Addressing this challenge can reduce adverse drug reactions and physical and cognitive impairments and improve older adults’ quality of life. Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the technical aspect of polypharmacy management in the elderly with comorbidities through the socio-technical model for change management to help develop future roadmaps of current affairs. Methods: The present qualitative study was performed by conducting 35 semi-structured interviews with key informants selected by maximum variation purposive sampling in 2022. The interviews continued until theoretical saturation. To extract all factors in all domains of the health complex system, the WHO Health System Six Building Blocks factors were investigated through Leavitt’s socio-technical model for change management. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis with MAXQDA10 software. Results: The “Structure” and “Technology” dimensions of Leavitt’s model each consisted of two blocks of the WHO Framework. Regarding “Leadership & Governance” and “Financing” (structure), the following themes were identified: developing databases, optimizing homecare, and pharmaceutical cost management. In the blocks of “Medicine &Technology” and “information,” three other themes emerged: developing medicine formulations, innovative technologies, and technology-based self-care. The interviewees considered the “Structure” the most critical transitional factor in polypharmacy management. Conclusions: Stimulating, designing, and implementing strategies for polypharmacy change management requires identifying transitional factors by holistic approaches. Furthermore, shifting toward sustainable changes is possible based on well-developed infrastructures and adopting innovative, user-friendly technologies

Efficacy and safety of propolis mouthwash in management of radiotherapy induced oral mucositis; A randomized, double blind clinical trial

Aim and BackgroundPropolis has been used for the management of oral mucositis in a number of studies. Due to lack of sufficient evidence especially in radiotherapy induced oral mucositis, the present study was designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of propolis mouthwash in oral mucositis and dysphagia in patients undergoing head and neck radiotherapy.Materials and methodsThis study was a prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The patients randomly divided into two groups receiving either the propolis or the placebo mouthwash. Patients were advised to rinse their mouth with 15 mL three times daily for four weeks. Severity of mucositis and dysphagia were evaluated by the National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria (NCI-CTC) and Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE), respectively.ResultsThirty patients completed the study. Each group consisted of 15 patients. Although, there is not any significant difference between two groups in the first week of radiotherapy, a significant difference was seen in the second, the third and the fourth week (p = 0.03, 0.02, 0.02, respectively). Dysphagia reported as a mild score in the propolis group only in the fourth week which is significant compared with the placebo group (p = 0.01). There is not any serious adverse effect related to propolis or placebo during the study.ConclusionIt seems that propolis mouthwash is an effective and safe medication for alleviation of oral mucositis and dysphagia in patients under head and neck radiotherapy

Methylene Blue for Treatment of Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients, Randomized, Controlled, Open-Label Clinical Trial, Phase 3

Funding: This work was supported by a grant from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (Grant number: 990096, 990845). Acknowledgements: The authors gratefully acknowledge the nurses in Iamm Reza Hospital, Shariati Hospital, Hasheminejad Hospital for their excellent cooperation.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A circular economy approach for recycling electric motors in the end-of-life vehicles : a literature review

Increasing concerns over climate change have led to global decarbonisation efforts, in the form of new legislation, to phase out the sale of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. As a result, the transition to electrified powertrain vehicles as the mode of transportation has never been greater. Electric motors (EMs), serving as the pivotal component of e-mobility, have gained much attention by policy makers and economic experts concerning the supply chain of raw materials needed for manufacturing. Permanent magnets (PMs), including rare earth elements (REEs), account for 40 to 60 % of the total EM cost. Given the importance of these materials to the e-mobility efforts, there has been a great impetus by leading economies to mitigate supply chain instability and mining operation constraints, by identifying and establishing a sustainable supply source through circular economy strategies. Although extensive studies on REEs recovery, via various techniques, have been undertaken by the research community, there remain underlying concerns over feed source, quality and technical challenges surrounding the retrieval of PM via a functional disassembly approach, all of which are yet to be elucidated. The present study serves to highlight state-of-the-art recycling of EMs from EoL electrified vehicles using a circular economy approach

Association between serum vitamin D, hs-CRP, and prooxidant-antioxidant balance with anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with diabetic foot ulcers

Background. Oxidative balance and inflammatory processes affect wound healing phases, and their disruption is connected with delayed wound healing. The present study aimed to assess the association between serum hs-CRP, prooxidant-antioxidant Balance (PAB), and vitamin D with anthropometric and biochemical parameters in patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU).Methods. Thirty-two patients with DFU were included in this study. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the bivariate relationship between serum hs-CRP, PAB, and vitamin D with anthropometric characteristics, glycemic status, lipid profiles, homocysteine level, liver, and kidney function tests.Results. Our data showed a significant positive association between serum hs-CRP and insulin (r = 0.417, P = 0.027), uric acid (r = 0.629, P = 0.001), creatinine (r = 0.431, P = 0.022), erythema (r = 0.36, P = 0.049), and ESR (r = 0.560, P = 0.002). Moreover, hs-CRP negatively correlated with FBS (r = –0.427, P = 0.023), total bilirubin (r = –0.639, P = 0.001), direct bilirubin (r = –0.445, P = 0.033), LDL-cholesterol (r = –0.405, P = –0.032), BMI (r = –0.398, P = 0.033) and HTN (r = –0.450, P = 0.014). Serum PAB value negatively correlated with patients age (r = –0.460, P = 0.027), and BMI (r = –0.442, P = 0.035), and positively associated with insulin level (r = 0.431, P = 0.040). A significant positive association between serum vitamin D with patient sex (r = 0.379, P = 0.047), and QUICKI (r = 0.456, P = 0.029), and negative correlation with HbA1c (r = –0.381, P = 0.045) were also determined.Conclusions. This study demonstrated that serum hs- CRP, PAB, and vitamin D are significantly associated with some anthropometric and biochemical parameters with important clinical value in patients with DFU. Low levels of vitamin D and high levels of hs-CRP and PAB may have an important role in the pathogenesis of DFU