Comparison of Tracheal Extubation Comfort between Two Endotracheal Tube Filling in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy

Background: Post-intubation airway complications such as cough and sore throat are common complaints after anesthesia. After intubation, filling the endotracheal tube will close the tube space and stimulate the endotracheal tube. It is used to fill the cuff with air or liquids such as normal saline, lidocaine, etc. The purpose of this study was to compare the comfort of tracheal extubation between the two methods of filling the tracheal cuff with lidocaine 2% and filling with air in patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods and materials: In this single-blind clinical trial study, 70 patients were randomly divided into two groups of air and lidocaine. In the lidocaine group, the endotracheal tube cuff was filled with 2% lidocaine and in the air cuff group the cuff pressure reached 20 to 25 cm of water. Blood pressure and heart rate of patients before induction, after induction, 30 and 60 minutes after and before and after extubation, as well as complications of intubation including bucking, cough and sore throat during recovery, 6 hours and 12 hours later were compared. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.Results: The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences in heart rate at different intervals of the study including pre-induction, post-induction, 30 and 60 min, before and after extubation. But the systolic and diastolic blood pressure after extubation were significantly lower in the lidocaine group than in the air group, although at other intervals there was a significant difference between the two parameters in the study groups. After extubation, sore throat complications were significantly lower at all study intervals.Conclusion: According to the results of the same study, it seems that filling the cuff with lidocaine over the air leads to more hemodynamic stability and less side effects after extubation.Keywords: Intubation, Lidocaine, Complication

Preparation and electrochemical application of rutin biosensor for differential pulse voltammetric determination of NADH in the presence of acetaminophen

The electrocatalytic behavior of reduced nicotinamide adenine di-nucleotide (NADH) was studied at the surface of a rutin biosensor, using various electrochemical methods. According to the results, the rutin biosensor had a strongly electrocatalytic effect on the oxidation of NADH with the overpotential being decreased by about 450 mV as compared to the process at a bare glassy carbon electrode, GCE. This value is significantly greater than the value of 220 mV that was reported for rutin embedded in a lipid-cast film. The kinetic parameters of the electron transfer coefficient, a, and the heterogeneous charge transfer rate constant, kh, for the electrocatalytic oxidation of NADH at the rutin biosensor were estimated. Furthermore, the linear dynamic range; sensitivity and limit of detection for NADH were evaluated using the differential pulse voltammetry method. The advantages of this biosensor for the determination of NADH are excellent catalytic activity and reproducibility, good detection limit and high exchange current density. The rutin biosensor could separate the oxidation peak potentials of NADH and acetaminophen present in the same solution while at a bare GCE, the peak potentials were indistinguishable

Quality of Life in Children with Asthma versus Healthy Children

BACKGROUND: Asthma is the most prevalent chronic disease in the pediatric age group. The disease affects different aspects of the children's lives, such as physical, emotional, social and educational aspects. Thus, more focus has been on the quality of life in these patients rather than the duration of their illness in recent years.AIM: This study examined the different aspects of quality of life in asthmatic children for the first time in this geographic area.METHODS: The study was cross-sectional conducted in 2015-2016. The asthmatic group was 100 patients aged 8 to 12 admitted to the Asthma and Allergy Clinic of Ghaem Hospital (as) in Mashhad with the control group composed of 100 healthy children of the same age and gender. The standard questionnaire pedsQLTM was used for comparing the quality of life of children in the two groups. Statistical analysis was SPSS23 with P-value less than 0.05, which was statistically significant.RESULTS: In each group, 58 patients were boys, and 42 were girls. In a comparison of the quality of life of children, the asthma group with a mean total score of Peds QL 20.99 ± 12.54 compared to the healthy children with a mean total score of Peds QL of 8.8 ± 5.41 had a lower quality of life (P < 0.001). Moreover, regarding various aspects of quality of life asthma group had a lower quality of life in physical performance, emotional performance and performance in school (P < 0.001). Nonetheless, there was no significant difference between the two groups considering social function (P = 0.267). Examining the relationship between Peds QL score of patients with asthma with various variables was indicative of the fact that Peds QL scores were significantly correlated with the gender of the patients, showing better quality of life in the girls (P = 0.001).CONCLUSION: The results indicated that children with asthma have a significantly lower quality of life compared with healthy children of the same age. Also, in examining the different aspects of quality of life, these children had a lower quality of life in physical performance, emotional performance, and performance at school, and were at the level as that of healthy children only in social performance

Downregulation of ITM2A Gene Expression in Macrophages of Patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis

Objectives: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a rheumatic disorder that is mostly determined by genetic and environmental factors. Given the known importance of macrophage in AS pathogenesis, we investigated the transcriptional profile of macrophage cells in the disease. Methods and Results: Two approaches of differential expression and subsequently, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was utilized to analyze a publicly available microarray dataset of macrophages. Integral membrane protein 2A (ITM2A) was among the most significant genes with a decreased trend in the common results of both methods. In order to confirm the finding, the expression of ITM2A was evaluated in monocyte-derived (M2-like) and M1 macrophages obtained from 14 AS patients and 14 controls. Macrophages were differentiated from whole-blood separated monocytes by 7 days incubating with macrophage colony-stimulating factor and then macrophages specific markers were verified with the flow cytometer. M1 polarization was induced by IFN-gamma and lipopolysaccharide. Finally, relative gene expression analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed a significant downregulation of the ITM2A gene in both M2 like and M1 macrophages of the AS group compared to the control. Conclusion: Since ITM2A plays a critical role in osteo- and chondrogenic cellular differentiation, our finding may provide new insights into AS pathogenesis.Peer reviewe

The Effects of Omega-3 and Vitamin E Co-supplementation on Carotid Intima-media Thickness and Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Objectives: We sought to evaluate the effects of omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation on carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and inflammatory factors in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was done among 60 women with PCOS. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups (n = 30 each group) and assigned to take either 1000 mg omega-3 plus 400 IU vitamin E supplements or a placebo for 12 weeks. Results: Compared with placebo, omega-3 and vitamin E co-supplementation led to significant decreases in maximum levels of left CIMT (-0.006±0.006 vs. +0.002±0.007 mm, p < 0.001), mean levels of left CIMT (-0.005±0.006 vs. +0.002±0.010 mm, p = 0.010), maximum levels of right CIMT (-0.006±0.010 vs. +0.006±0.010 mm, p = 0.010), and mean levels of right CIMT (-0.005±0.005 vs. +0.001±0.010 mm, p = 0.020). Change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) (-390.6±942.9 vs. +237.0±754.3 ng/mL, p = 0.006) was significantly different between the supplemented patients and placebo group. We did not observe any significant effect in plasma nitric oxide (NO) values following supplementation with omega-3 plus vitamin E compared with the placebo. Conclusions: Co-supplementation with omega-3 and vitamin E for 12 weeks among patients with PCOS had beneficial effects on CIMT and serum hs-CRP values, but unchanged NO values

Syntheses, crystal structures and solvatochromic properties of dinuclear oxalato-bridged copper(II) complexes

<p>Three dinuclear copper(II) complexes, [Cu₂(L¹)₂(μ-ox)](ClO₄)₂⋅2(CH₃CN), [Cu₂(L²)₂(μ-ox)](ClO₄)₂⋅H₂O, and [Cu₂(L³)₂(μ-ox)](ClO₄)₂ where ox = oxalato; L = <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-dimethyl,<i>N</i>′-benzylethane-1,2-diamine, <b>L</b>^<b>1</b>, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diethyl,<i>N</i>′-benzylethane-1,2-diamine, <b>L</b>^<b>2</b>, <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-diisoprophyl,<i>N</i>′-benzylethane-1,2-diamine, <b>L</b>^<b>3</b>, were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, spectral (IR, UV–Vis) data and molar conductance measurements. The crystal structures of [Cu₂(L¹)₂(μ-ox)](ClO₄)₂⋅2(CH₃CN) and [Cu₂(L³)₂(μ-ox)](ClO₄)₂ have been determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Solvatochromic behaviors were investigated in various solvents, showing positive solvatochromism. The effect of steric hindrance around the copper ion imposed by <i>N</i>-alkyl groups of the diamine chelates on the solvatochromism property of the complexes is discussed. Solvatochromism was also studied with different solvent parameter models using stepwise multiple linear regression method.</p

A review of adhesives and cements used in all-ceramic restorations and tooth-colored fiber posts

Introduction: The clinical success of indirect restorations is influenced by several factors, including selection of a suitable cement. The introduction of adhesive resin systems has led to increased use of bonded all-ceramic restorations. The aim of this study was to review adhesives, particularly adhesive resins and their clinical characteristics, considerations and requirements in an attempt to assist dentists in selecting appropriate adhesive cements in special clinical situations. Materials and Methods: This review paper used a scientific search for library resources, books and websites of Pubmed and ISI Web of Science in connection with articles published up to 2012 on classification and types of dental cements, their clinical applications, the mechanism of curing resin cements, bonding mechanisms and biocompatibility, adhesion principles, current issues in the field of fiber posts in root canal cementation and surface preparation of dental ceramics. In addition, a variety of surface preparation methods available for fiber posts and different dental ceramics were discussed. Conclusion: New materials are constantly marketed by manufacturers, making it difficult to select appropriate cements and to teach cement application. Selection of an appropriate cement is very important because the dentist will be able to apply a suitable surface treatment on the cemented surface. When optimal compressive strength, minimal film thickness and low solubility in water are desirable, conventional cement materials are desirable; however, these cements require ideal tooth surface preparation. Conventional cements are used for porcelains that are not etchable. On the other hand, due to the superior physical properties of resin cements and higher aesthetics compared to conventional cements, they are good choices for cementation of metal-free restorations