Projection of Diabetes Population Size and Associated Economic Burden through 2030 in Iran : Evidence from Micro-Simulation Markov Model and Bayesian Meta-Analysis

Acknowledgments The authors would like to thank kindly all advisors and colleagues, for their valuable technical support. We would like to thank you Ms Laura Marie Dysart for editing the paper.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

A qualitative study of the current situation of elderly care in Iran : what can we do for the future?

This study is part of the first author's PhD dissertation (17 Goharinezhad S. Foresight of elderly care in Iran: a scenario approach. PhD dissertation. 2016; Tehran, Iran: Iran University of Medical Sciences. [Google Scholar]) in Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Health Management and Information Sciences (IUMS_ SHMIS: 65/2014). The authors would like to make special thanks to all participants for their cooperation to this study. The authors would also like to thank all reviewers who helped improve the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

CLOSE RELATIONSHIP OF CAROTID INTIMA-MEDIA THICKNESS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY AND EJECTION FRACTION IN END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE PATIENTS UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS TREATMENT

Background- Two principal findings of cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis are left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and arterial disease due to rapidly progressive atherosclerotic vascular disease that can be characterized by an enlargement and hypertrophy of arteries (intima-media complex thickening, IMT). In this study, we sought to study the relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy with intima-media complex thickening in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. Methods- Sixty-one unselected patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who were undergoing regular and maintenance hemodialysis treatment (F=23, M=38) were studied. The subjects consisted of 50 non-diabetic hemodialysis patients (F=20, M=30) and 11 diabetic hemodialysis patients (F=3, M=8). For all the subjects, echocardiography and carotid intima-media thickness measuring by B-mode ultrasonography were performed. Results- In this study, there was a positive correlation between stages of LVH with duration of hemodialysis treatment, stages of hypertension (HTN), and with carotid-IMT. A positive correlation was also seen between stages of LVH and presence of chest pain, and more thickening of the intima-media complex was seen in the diabetic group. Diabetes mellitus was associated with the presence of chest pain, as was positive correlation between stages of HTN with IMT, and a reverse correlation was observed between IMT with the percent of cardiac ejection fraction. Conclusion- Prevalence of thickening in intima-media complex is more evident in hemodialysis subjects with LVH. When there is LVH, IMT is similar in severity to the LVH (Iranian Heart Journal 2006; 7 (1): 40-46)

Futures of elderly care in Iran : A protocol with scenario approach

This study is the first author’s PhD Thesis, which has been supported by Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS_SHMIS: 65/2014). The authors would like to make special thanks to all participants for their kind contributions to this project and are also grateful to Dr. Mohammad Azmal and Dr. Hesam Seyedin for their insightful comments on the earlier manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Związek wskaźnika masy ciała ze stężeniem witaminy D w surowicy u zdrowych Irańczyków

Introduction: In studies of obese adolescents in various countries, vitamin D deficiency has been correlated with greater weight and elevated BMI. However, there is insufficient data on the relation between vitamin D status and body fat indexes in adolescence. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of serum (25[OH]D) concentrations with body mass index of healthy Iranian subjects to understand whether specific data on the relation between vitamin D status and body mass index is common in all populations. Material and methods: Data was collected from 259 ambulant medical staff adults, students and other subjects who met the inclusion criteria of the study. Body mass index and fasting 25-Hydroxy vitamin D level were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as having a 25(OH)D concentration < 25 nmol/L. Results: Participants were aged 20&#8211;64 years, mean age 34 &plusmn; 9 years, and about 57.5% of the participants were women. The mean (&plusmn; SD) body mass index (kg/m2) was 24.2 &plusmn; 3.8 kg/m2 (median = 23.7 kg/m2), the mean (&plusmn; SD) vitamin D level of the participants was 29 &plusmn; 16 nmol/L (median = 26 nmol/L), and 48% of the participants had vitamin D deficiency. In this study, there was no significant association between vitamin D level and BMI (r = 0.064; p = 0.307) (age adjusted). Moreover, there was no association between vitamin D level and sex of the participants. In addition, no association between BMI and sex of the adolescents was seen (p; NS), but a significant association between age and vitamin D level was found (r = 0.002). Conclusion: Our data suggests that various mechanisms could potentially contribute to the robust association of vitamin D with adiposity; in normal or near normal BMI, vitamin D status may not be correlated with age.Wstęp: W badaniach nad otyłymi nastolatkami w różnych krajach stwierdzono korelację między niedoborem witaminy D a zwiększoną masą ciała i podwyższonym wskaźnikiem masy ciała (BMI). Nie ma jednak wystarczających danych dotyczących zależności między stężeniem witaminy D a zawartością tkanki tłuszczowej w organizmie osób dorosłych. Celem niniejszego badania była analiza związku stężeń witaminy 25(OH)D w surowicy ze wskaźnikami tkanki tłuszczowej u zdrowych dorosłych Irańczyków w celu ustalenia, czy podobne zależności, jak u młodzieży, występują w populacji ogólnej. Materiał i metody: Zgromadzono dane 259 pracowników służby zdrowia, studentów i innych dorosłych osób spełniających kryteria włączenia do badania. Wyliczono BMI i zmierzono stężenia witaminy 25-hydroksy-D na czczo. Niedobór witaminy D definiowano jako stężenie 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/l. Wyniki: Uczestnikami badania były osoby w wieku 20&#8211;64 lat (średnia wieku 34 &plusmn; 9 lat); około 57,5% badanej grupy stanowiły kobiety. Średnia wartość (&plusmn; SD) BMI (kg/m2) wynosiła 24,2 &plusmn; 3,8 kg/m&sup2; (mediana = 23,7 kg/m&sup2;), a średnie stężenie (&plusmn; SD) witaminy D &#8212; 29 &plusmn; 16 nmol/l(mediana = 26 nmol/l). Niedobór witaminy D stwierdzono u 48% uczestników. W niniejszym badaniu nie wykazano istotnych związków między stężeniem witaminy D i BMI (r = 0,064; p = 0,307) (po skorygowaniu względem wieku). Nie stwierdzono również zależności między stężeniem witaminy D a płcią uczestników badania. Nie stwierdzono zależności między BMI a płcią (p nieistotne statystycznie), odnotowano natomiast istotny związek wieku ze stężeniem witaminy D (r = 0.002). Wnioski: Dane sugerują, że u podłoża silnego związku między niedoborem witaminy D i otyłością mogą leżeć różne mechanizmy. U osób z BMI w zakresie wartości prawidłowych lub zbliżonym do prawidłowego nie ma zależności między stężeniem witaminy D a wiekiem

Serum Anti-Hbs-Ag in Stable Hemodialysis Patients and its Relationship with Various Demographic and Biochemical Data

Introduction: To evaluate the relationship between various biochemical, nutritional and demographic factors with immune response to hepatitis B vaccine in maintenance hemodialysis (HD) patients. Material and Methods: A retro-prospective study was carried out on 68 patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis .Patients were vaccinated against hepatitis B virus with an intramuscular hepatitis B vaccination schedule, 40 micrograms at 0, 1, and 6 months. We also selected 32 age matched normal healthy persons who had vaccinated against hepatitis B previously to compare the antibody production with HD patients. Results: The value of serum antibody level against hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBs) in hemodialisis patients and healthy persons were 35±55(median=5.5) and 135±71 (median=175) mIU/ml respectively. There was a significant deference between mean serum antibody level against HBs antigen of hemodialysis patients and normal subjects (p<0.001), there were not any significant differences of antibody production against HBs antigen between males and females or diabetic and non diabetics. There were no correlation between serum antibody level against HBs-Ag and serum albumin and also with body mass index. There were not significant correlation between anti-HBs antibody level and age, amounts of hemodialysis, duration of dialysis, dialysis adequacy, serum ferritin level and serum lipids. There were not also significant correlation between anti-HBs antibody level and serum parathormone, calcium, phosphorus, serum hemoglobin and hematocrit level. Conclusion: In this study, there was not significant correlation between serum antibody level against hepatitis B surface antigen and various nutritional and demographic factors of patients under regular hemodialysis

Causes of academic failure of medical and medical sciences students in Iran : A systematic review

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The effect of soy protein containing soy isoflavones on serum concentration of cell adhesion molecules : A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Funding Information: This study was financially supported by Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences (Grant number: 98-01-149 ; Ethical code: IR.NUMS.REC.1399.006). Acknowledgement We are extremely grateful to the data collection team at the Ney- shabur University of Medical Sciences.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The Diabetes Mellitus-Related Problems among Diabetic Elderly

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the main cause of death and disability in the elderly. We aimed to evaluate the diabetes mellitus-related problems in elderly participants attended the diabetes clinic of Ardabil. In a cross-sectional analytical study, 91 elderly participants were randomly enrolled. Standard Problem Area in Diabetes scale was used. Data were obtained through interview and analyzed using SPSS version 22 by descriptive and analytical methods. The mean and standard deviation of the Total Problems Related to Diabetes Mellitus was 31.51 ± 15.37. There were significant relationships between Total Problems Related to DM and marital status (P=0.02), the score of depression-related problems and gender (P=0.04) and the score of treatment barriers with the family composition (P=0.009) and marital status (P=0.005). Elderly with further chronic illness have had additional treatment barriers (P=0.02). Most of the elderly are suffering from various DM-associated problems. They needed to be taken into account in promotion planning sex, family composition, and numbers of chronic diseases

Ethnic Differences in Disability Prevalence and Their Determinants Studied over a 20-Year Period: A Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: To compare disability prevalence rates in the major ethnic groups in the UK and understand the risk factors contributing to differences identified. It was hypothesised that Indian Asian and African Caribbean people would experience higher rates of disability compared with Europeans. METHODS: Data was collected from 888 European, 636 Indian Asian and 265 African Caribbean men and women, aged 58-88 years at 20-year follow-up of community-based cohort study, based in West London. Disability was measured using a performance-based locomotor function test and self-reported questionnaires on functional limitation, and instrumental (IADL) and basic activities of daily living (ADL). RESULTS: The mean (SD) age of participants at follow-up was 69.6 (6.2) years. Compared with Europeans, Indian Asian people were significantly more likely to experience all of the disability outcomes than Europeans; this persisted after adjustment for socioeconomic, behavioural, adiposity and chronic disease risk factors measured at baseline (locomotor dysfunction: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.20, 95% CI 1.56-3.11; functional limitation: OR 2.77, 2.01-3.81; IADL impairment: OR 3.12, 2.20-4.41; ADL impairment: OR 1.58, 1.11-2.24). In contrast, a modest excess risk of disability was observed in African Caribbeans, which was abolished after adjustment (e.g. locomotor dysfunction: OR 1.37, 0.90-1.91); indeed a reduced risk of ADL impairment appeared after multivariable adjustment (OR from 0.99, 0.68-1.45 to 0.59, 0.38-0.93), compared with Europeans. CONCLUSIONS: Substantially elevated risk of disability was observed among Indian Asian participants, unexplained by known factors. A greater understanding of determinants of disability and normative functional beliefs of healthy aging is required in this population to inform intervention efforts to prevent disability