Comparative water relation of three varieties of Hibiscus cannabinus L. (Kenaf)

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an industrial fiber crop that is being grown increasingly in tropical and subtropical areas. Choosing the proper variety with the most growth rate and biomass content is a critical point for successful commercial cultivation of kenaf. Since growth and biomass production of plants are strictly related to their physiology attribute, it is therefore, necessary to provide knowledge on the physiologic characteristics of kenaf varieties. This study was designated to elucidate water relation characteristics of three kenaf varieties; Guatemala 4 (G4), kohn-kaen 60 (KK60) and V36. 20 plants of each varieties were cultivated in completely randomized design under controled conditions. Throughout a period of 120 days, parameters of gas exchange characteristics were measured within four regular intervals of 30 days. The results of this study showed that varieties significantly differ in water use efficiency so that the greatest value belonged to variety KK60. It was concluded that KK60 could be considered as preferable choice of kenaf variety for cultivation.Key words: Kenaf, gas exchange, water use efficiency

Standarisasi Resep Brownies Kukus dengan Penambahan Tepung Pisang Owak (Musa Paradisiaca. L)

Tepung pisang owak adalah tepung pisang yang diperoleh dari pisang owak melalui proses pengupasan, penjemuran, dan penggilingan. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui resep standar brownies kukus dengan penambahan tepung pisang owak (2) mengetahui daya terima konsumen terhadap penambahan tepung pisang owak didalam pembuatan brownies kukus, dan (3) mengetahui karakteristik organoleptik (warna, aroma, tekstur dan rasa) pada brownies kukus dengan penambahan tepung pisang owak. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode eksperimen dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Data-data dari uji pengamatan dianalisis dengan cara menentukan nilai rata-rata (mean) dari total yang diperoleh dari narasumber. Data-data dari uji penerimaan dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (anava) satu jalur pada pembuatan brownies kukus yang diperoleh dari narasumber, panelis siswa-siswi (SMKN 3 Banda Aceh). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan uji pengamatan (Sensory Evaluation) yang dilakukan oleh 7 orang narasumber, dan uji penerimaan (Hedonic Scale) yang diuji cobakan kepada 30 orang panelis konsumen yaitu murid SMKN 3 Banda Aceh. Resep standar brownies kukus dengan penambahan tepung pisang owak yaitu (BK550) yang terdiri dari tepung terigu 30 gram, tepung pisag owak 30 gram,gula pasir 112 gram, telur ayam 164 gram, coklat bubuk 17 gram, coklat batang, 50 gram, dan margarin 60 gram. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah narasumber dan panelis konsumen menyukai brownies kukus (BK550) 85%

Growth characteristics and biomass production of kenaf

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is one of the important fibre crops next to cotton, which is planted throughout the world. It is cultivated for its core and bast fibres. Unlike cotton, the fibre of kenaf is obtained from vegetative part of plant. Hence, growth and biomass production of kenaf is a fundamental issue that should be considered for its successful commercial cultivation. This study was designed to elucidate growth and biomass production of three kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) varieties; Guatemala 4 (G4), kohn-kaen 60 (KK60) and V36. 24 plants of each varieties were cultivated in completely randomize design under control conditions throughout a period of 105 days. Parameters of height, diameter and internode were measured within four to six regular intervals of 10 to 15 days, while biomass production parameters of dry one meter stalk mass (DMSM), defoliated plant mass (DPM), one meter stalk mass (MSM) and fresh plant mass (FPM) were measured at harvest time. There was no significant difference between them in terms of diameter and number of internode. However, KK60 was found to have significant higher height than V36 and G4. The varieties, G4 and KK60, showed significant greater fresh plant mass (FPM), defoliated plant mass (DPM), one meter  stalk mass (MSM) and dry one meter stalk mass (DMSM) than V36. In all of biomass parameters of FPM, DPM, MSM and DMSM, the highest value belonged to G4 except for DMSM where KK60 showed greater value. Results of this study indicated that G4 is a more efficient variety of kenaf for biomass production compared to the other two varieties of KK60 and V36.Key words: Kenaf, biomass, growth, internode

Pengaruh Penambahan Rebung Betung (Dendrocalamus Asper) terhadap Karakteristik Organoleptik dan Tingkat Penerimaan Konsumen pada Kerupuk

Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh penambahan rebung betung (DendrocalamusAsper), yang diolah menjadi kerupuk. Rebung betung merupakan jenis sayuran yang sudah dikenal, mempunyai tekstur renyah, manis dan memiliki bau khas rebung betung. Mengandung kalium yang dapat menurunkan tekanan darah, fosfor, kalsium, vitamin A, vitamin C, serat dan protein yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh resep standar, pengaruh penambahan rebung betung terhadap karakteristik organoleptik dan pengaruh penambahan rebung betung terhadap tingkat penerimaan konsumen. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dalam bentuk eksperimen. Data penelitian ini bersumber dari para narasumber dan konsumen. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan uji pengamatan dan uji penerimaan. Uji pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan kartu penilaian untuk Sensory Evaluation dan uji penerimaan dilakukan menggunakan kartu penilaian untuk Hedonic Scale. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, menunjukan bahwa kerupuk rebung betung 150gr (50%) dengan nilai rata-rata 16,52 lebih disukai konsumen dibandingkan kerupuk rebung betung 75gr (25%) dan 225gr (75%). Hal ini dikarenakan kerupuk dengan campuran rebung betung 150gr (50%) memiliki warna krem muda, aroma harum, tekstur renyah dan rasa yang gurih, dengan demikian penambahan rebung betung pada pembuatan kerupuk dapat diterima. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hasil pengamatan narasumber terhadap karateristik organoleptik pada kerupuk dengan penambahan rebung betung memberikan pengaruh yang nyata. Hasil uji kesukaan panelis konsumen terhadap warna, aroma, testurdan rasa kerupuk dengan penambahan rebung betung 50% memiliki warna yang baik, aroma harum, tekstur sangat renyah dan rasa yang sangat gurih. Diharapkan masyarakat dapat memanfaatkan rebung betung untuk dijadikan sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pembuatan panganan

Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity of Ardisia crispa Thunb. D.C

Ardisia crispa Thunb D.C (Myrsinaceae), has long been used in treating various ailments among the local villagers. The objective of this study was to investigate experimentally the possible anti-ulcer activity of Ardisia crispa. The effect of hexane fraction of root of Ardisia crispa (ACRH) was evaluated in experimental ulcer models with necrotizing agents ie ethanol, NaCl, HCl, NaOH and also COX-1 inhibitor namely indomethacin as inducers. Four doses ie 10, 30, 100 and 300 mg/kg were selected for further study. Ulcer effects were determined by counting the total surface area of lesion in mm 2 . Results showed that ACRH provided significant protection in various experimental models used. Pretreatment with ACRH at all doses (10,30,100 and 300 mg/kg) has produced significant inhibition of gastric mucosal damage induced by 80% EtOH and 25% NaCl, whilst at 30, 100 and 300 mg/ kg, ACRH significantly reduced the lesion formation in ulcer induced by 0.6 M HCl, 0.2 M NaOH and 30 mg/kg indomethacin. The present study indicates that the hexane fraction of Ardisia crispa (ACRH) exhibits significant anti-ulcer effect

Penerapan Metode Eksperimen dalam Pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Belajar Siswa Kelas IV Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Kabupaten Ketapang

An Application of Experimental Method in the Science Learning to Increase the Fourth Grade Students Activities of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Ketapang. Based on the early observation that had been made, there was a problem occurred in the science learning, The problem was the lack of students activities in learning. Related to the problem, improvements to enhance students learning were very important to be done. One of the improvements was by using experimental method. The purpose of conducting this research was to increase the fourth grade students learning process in the science learning of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Kecamatan Matan Hilir Selatan Kabupaten Ketapang. Method of this research is Descriptive Method and the form of this research is Classroom Action Research while the character of this research was collaborative. This research had been done in Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Kecamatan Matan Hilir Selatan Kabupaten Ketapang. The sample of this research were teachers and students of the fourth grade. Techniques of collecting data were direct observation, students observation and test. The test was by giving tasks to the students. This research was conducted in 2 cycles with the result: the teachers ability in implementing learning, by giving experimental method to the students from cycle 1 until cycle II orderly can be concluded: early observation 2,84; 3,04 and 3,56. From these score that had been gotten, it showed that teachers ability by using experimental method increased. Likewise students activities score were 65,28% and 80,26%. It indicates that the effect of experimental method in the science learning to increase the fourth grade students activites of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Muhammadiyah Ketapang was had a good impact

Ion beam and discharge characteristics of cold cathode ion source

24-30In this work, some developments in the acceleration system of cold cathode ion source have been constructed to produce broad beam to be used in different industrial applications. An electrostatic probe with electrical circuit is constructed for study the extracted ion beam distribution. Broad beam 25 mm with ion current in the range of 1 mA is extracted from the constructed extraction system. The obtained optimum distance between the extraction grid and acceleration grid is 3 mm. The characteristics are measured to investigate the ion beam current Ib as a function of different parameters (discharge voltage Vd, gas pressure P, magnetic field intensity B and acceleration voltage Vacc). The magnetic field is collimated and intensifies the plasma that enhances the extracted beam current. The obtained cold cathode ion source can be used in different applications like surface etching, surface modification and deposition due to its long life and compactness

Ion beam and discharge characteristics of cold cathode ion source

In this work, some developments in the acceleration system of cold cathode ion source have been constructed to produce broad beam to be used in different industrial applications. An electrostatic probe with electrical circuit is constructed for study the extracted ion beam distribution. Broad beam 25 mm with ion current in the range of 1 mA is extracted from the constructed extraction system. The obtained optimum distance between the extraction grid and acceleration grid is 3 mm. The characteristics are measured to investigate the ion beam current Ib as a function of different parameters (discharge voltage Vd, gas pressure P, magnetic field intensity B and acceleration voltage Vacc). The magnetic field is collimated and intensifies the plasma that enhances the extracted beam current. The obtained cold cathode ion source can be used in different applications like surface etching, surface modification and deposition due to its long life and compactness