Microscopic Models of Heavy Ion Interactions

An introduction to dynamical microscopic models of hadronic and nuclear interactions is presented. Special emphasis is put in the relation between multiparticle production and total cross-section contributions. In heavy ion collisions, some observables, considered as signals of the production of a Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP), are studied. It is shown that they can only be described if final state interactions are introduced. It is argued that the cross-sections required are too small to drive the system to thermal equilibrium within the duration time of the final state interaction.Comment: 39 pages, 18 figures. Lectures at VIII Hispalensis International Summer School, Seville (Spain), to be published by Springer Verla

Geologische Kartierung des Tertiärs im nördlichen Teilbereich des Blattes Passo di Piazza Foglio 272, I-SE, della Carta d'Italia : (Teil 1, Kleinkartierung)

In summer 1990, mapping in the scale 1:10.000 was carried out on Sicily (Italy} at the NE part of the sheet "Passo di Piazza". The mapping area lies at the border of the Caltanissetta basin close to the plate boundary between the african and european plate. The sediments allow statements about tectonic and palaeo-oceanographic conditions during the time of deposition. Late Miocene (Messinium) sediments give evidence for the so called "salinity crisis" which began with the sedimentation of diatomites. They are overlain by shallow water deposits of the lithologic units namely the basal limestone and the gypsum. The "salinity crisis" ended with the sedimentation of pelagic marls when the Mediterranean basin was filled by Atlantic water due to the deepening of the Gibraltar sill. These pelagic marls are overlain by bluishgrey marls of Piacentian age. With the decreasing water depth the deposits of the Astian appeared. They show features of a coastal facies The collision of the European and African plate in Eocene times had a strong influence on the sedimentologic conditions, in which the mapped sediments were deposited. Because of the close proximity to a subduction complex the Messinian sediments had been deformed in the tectonic Tortonian/Messinian phase. Since the Middle Pliocene they were uplifted isostatically. The undeformed sediments of Piacentian and Astian age, are characterized by regressive features caused by the uplift. The deformation in the foredeep (Caltanissetta basin) was connected with compression and gravity sliding which is typical for an accretionary wedge in a subduction complex

LA BANQUE ISLAMIQUE ; NATURE SPECIFIQUE ET EVOLUTION / THE ISLAMIC BANK; SPECIFIC NATURE AND EVOLUTION

La finance islamique est désormais une composante essentielle de la finance mondiale. Elle connait une croissance vertigineuse dans plusieurs pays musulmans à l’instar des pays de Golfe et de l’Asie Sud – Est. Elle a fait preuve d’innovation et a pu s’implanter dans plusieurs pays où elle cohabite avec la finance conventionnelle La finance participative, en se basant sur les percepts islamiques, peut présenter des opportunités qu’elle offrirait par sa contribution au financement des secteurs prioritaires. La finance islamique est une finance éthique qui s’inspire sur des valeurs morales et des enseignements de la Charia. Elle repose essentiellement sur l’interdiction des taux d’intérêt dans les opérations d’endettement (plus connu sous le nom de « riba »), et sur le principe de partage des pertes et des profits ; ce qui constitue les éléments distinctifs à l’égard de la finance conventionnelle. Islamic finance is now an essential component of the global finance. It is experiencing dizzying growth in several Muslim countries such as the Gulf countries and Southeast Asia. It has demonstrated innovation and has been able to establish itself in several countries where it coexists with conventional finance Crowdfunding, based on Islamic precepts, can present opportunities that it would offer through its contribution to funding priority sectors. Islamic finance is ethical finance that draws on moral values and the teachings of Sharia. It is essentially based on the prohibition of interest rates in debt transactions (better known as "riba"), and on the principle of profit and loss sharing; which constitutes the distinguishing elements with regard to conventional finance. JEL: G21, G29 Article visualizations

LA FINANCE ISLAMIQUE : CADRE CONCEPTUEL, PRINCIPES ET MÉTHODES / ISLAMIC FINANCE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK, PRINCIPLES AND METHODS

Le présent article vise, dans un premier temps, à exposer l’ensemble des fondements religieux et sociaux de la finance islamique et à les relier aux principes et aux méthodes des produits islamiques contemporains. Dans un deuxième temps, il présente et expose les différents produits, instruments et institutions de cette finance qui se veut porteuse de l’identité islamique. L'article peut donc servir de feuille de route (encadrement et conseils) au profit de ceux qui mènent des recherches empiriques sur la finance islamique ainsi qu'une aide pour les décideurs, les gestionnaires et les praticiens en matière d’interprétation des résultats des études sur ce sujet. This article aims, as a first step, to expose all the religious and social foundations of Islamic finance and to relate them to the principles and methods of contemporary Islamic products. Secondly, it presents and exposes the various products, instruments and institutions of this finance which aims to be the bearer of the Islamic identity. The article can therefore serve as a roadmap (guidance and advice) for the benefit of those carrying out empirical research on Islamic finance as well as an aid for decision-makers, managers and practitioners in interpreting the results of financial statements. Studies on this topic. JEL: G21; G24; G10 Article visualizations