The Impact of Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Strategy on Knowledge Management in GCC Countries

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of leadership, organizational culture and strategy on knowledge management. To date, little empirical research has been done to investigate the relationships and organizational outcomes of these constructs. This study, therefore, is unique in that it has helped to fill this gap in an effort to improve our understanding of organizational culture, strategy and leadership on knowledge management.in the GCC environment and beyond.A survey was conducted of eight telecommunication companies located and operating in GCC countries. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the relationship among variables. The results suggest that knowledge management fully mediates the impact of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness, and partially mediates the impact of organizational leadership and strategy on organizational effectiveness. The findings carry theoretical implications for knowledge management literature as they extend the scope of research on knowledge management from examining a set of independent management practices to examining a system-wide mechanism that connects internal resources and competitive advantage. The results providing empirical evidence to the connection between leadership, organizational culture, strategy and knowledge management. Further, culture has a larger contribution to knowledge management than other factors inspected. Keywords: Leadership, Organizational culture, Knowledge management, Organizational strateg

Effect of Helicobacter Pylori Infection on Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-8 Levels in Smoker Males

المقدمة: يعد التدخين عامل خطر للإصابة بأمراض مختلفة (بما في ذلك إصابات بكتريه مختلفة، السرطان، أمراض القلب وأمراض الجهاز التنفسي)  ويتصف بالالتهابات العدلية ويتميز بإنتاج خلايا مناعيه مساعده قبل الالتهابية منها IL-8  IL-4,. ولوحظ أن التدخين له علاقة بارتفاع معدل الإصابة بالبكتيريا الملوية البوابية وأمراض المعدة والاثني عشر التي تسببها هذه البكتيريا والتي بالنتيجة استجابة المناعية للمضيف تكون غير ملائمه. طرق العمل: هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى دراسة تأثير التدخين على بعض المقاييس للخلايا المناعية، واعتبره كعامل خطر اوضار للإصابة بالبكتيريا الملوية البوابية في مدينه أربيل. اجريت الدراسة على 91 ذ كر منها 7 مدخنين و20 غير مدخنين. وتم قياس تركيز كل من IL-4،IL-8 باستخدام تقنية مناعي مرتبط بالإنزيم  . (ELISA) واعتبرت قيمه إحصائية   P<0.05. النتائج: جمعت عينه الدم من 91 ذكرًا، منها71 (78٪) مدخنين و20 (22٪) غير مدخنين كان متوسط عمر الرجال المدخنين 24.37 ± 6.52 و23 ± 4.67 للرجال غير المدخنين. ومعدل انتشار عدوى الملوية البوابية أعلى بشكل ملحوظ (value=0.02 P) في الذكور المدخنين 65 (9.5٪) مقارنه لغير المدخنين (6.9٪. (وكانت مستوى التركيز كل من IL-4 و IL-8 أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في الذكور المدخنين مقارنة بالذكور غير المدخنين (P <0.03, P <0.01) ، وتبين بالخص ان مستوى تركيزها أعلى بشكل ملحوظ في الذكور المدخنين المصابين بالبكتيريا الحلزونية. (P <0.001)  الاستنتاج: اظهرت هذه الدراسة أن معدل الإصابة بالبكتيريا الملوية البوابية بين المدخنين أعلى مقارنه لغير المدخنين وأن تدخين السجائر يعتبر عامل خطر مهم للإصابة بالبكتيريا الملوية البوابية ، كما تبين أن المدخنين لديهم مستويات تركيز أعلى لكل من IL-4 و IL-8 .Background: Smoking is a risk factor for various chronic diseases (including various infections, cancer, heart disease and respiratory diseases), and is characterized by neutrophil inflammation and the release of pro-inflammatory mediators (such as IL-8 and IL-4).  Smoking has been found to be associated with higher incidence of Helicobacter pylori and gastroduodenal diseases caused by this bacterium are a consequence of an inappropriate host's immune response. Materials& Methods: This study aimed to study the effect of smoking on certain immunological parameters, and it is a risk factor for H. pylori infection in Erbil city. The study was carried out on 71 smoker males and 20 nonsmokers. H. pylori infection and the concentration of IL-4 and IL-8 were done by ELISA Technique. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 91males participants, 71 (78%) were smokers and 20 (22%) were non-smoker. The mean age of smoker men was 24.37±6.52 and 23±4.67 for non-smoker men. The prevalence rate of H. pylori infection was significantly higher (P value:0.02) in smoker males 65(9.5%) than non-smoker males12 (6.9%). Levels of IL-4 and IL-8 were significantly higher in smoker males when compared with nonsmoker males (P< 0.01& P< 0.03 respectively), and their level were significantly higher in smoker males infected with H. pylori (P<0.001). Conclusions: This study showed that the rate of H. pylori infection among smoker is higher than that of non-smokers and cigarette smoking was an important risk factor for H. pylori infection as well, smokers have higher levels of IL-4 and IL-8 than never-smokers

A Critical review of Monthly “Anokhi Kahaniyan”

One of the major fields of literature and journalism is Children's Literature. In the 19th century, the tradition of the publication of magazines in Urdu journalism became very strong, but the first regular magazines for children began in the early twentieth century. “Bachon Ka Akhbar” of Munshi Mehboob Alam is regarded as the first children's magazine published in May 1902. So far more than 300 such magazines have been launched till now. Monthly “Anokhi Kahaniyan, Karachi" of the 1990s has published more than 450 volumes. 55 were special numbers. Monthly “Anokhi Kahaniyan” has sparked almost three generations of children’s writers. It provided writers for drama, journalism, and poetry. It made the history of children's literature.&nbsp

Lactation Responses toward Milk Indigenous Enzymes

Milk being a highly nutritious food in its natural form provides energy. There are various factors influencing the composition of milk: breed, stage of lactation, nutritional status, health, and milking intervals. A number of indigenous enzymes present in milk are being affected by stages of lactation period. Their concentration varies during early, mid and late lactation periods. This varied behavior ultimately affects the quality of dairy products. In this chapter, the level of milk enzymes: lipases and esterases, plasmin (PL), plasminogen (PLG) phosphatases (alkaline phosphatase ALP; acid phosphatase (ACP), lysozyme (LZ), lactoperoxidase (LP), xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR), and catalase (CAT) will be reviewed with respect to the stages of lactation periods

Determination of Radioactivity Concentrations on Sediment the Euphrates River on Babylon Governorate

تم في هذه الدراسة تقيم مستوى النشاط الاشعاعي الطبيعي والصناعي  في نماذج رواسب نهر الفرات في محافظة بابل بأستعمال  تقنية مطيافية اشعة كاما مع كاشف ايوديد الصوديوم NaI(Tl). حيث جمع 50 نموذجاً من الرواسب من نهر الفرات. اظهرت النتائج أن معدل النشاط الاشعاعي النوعي بوحدة Bq/kg)) لكل من اليورانيوم ((    والثوريوم  والبوتاسيوم  والسيزيوم  لنماذج الرواسب كان 21.815 و5.326 و 273.377  و0.879 على التوالي، وتم حساب مؤشرات الخطورة الاشعاعية ، حيث أن معدل فعالية الراديوم المكافئ Raeq كان 56.084، اما معدل  دليل  الخطورة لأشعة كاما  كان 0.420، اما معدل نسبة الجرعة الممتصة في الهواء AD كان 27.347، وقد بينت نتائج الدراسة الحالية ان معدلات الفعالية النوعية ومعدلات مؤشرات الخطورة الاشعاعية في نموذج الرواسب في نهر الفرت محافظة بابل كانت جميعها اقل من الحد المقبول به عالميا.In the current study determination of the natural and artificial activity level on samples sediment the Euphrates River on Babylon  governorate using  -ray spectrometry technique with NaI(Tl) detector. Where 50 samples of sediment Euphrates river. The  results revealed that the average values in( Bq/kg) for Uranium , Thorium  Potassium  And , and samples sediment were ( 21.815, 5.326, 273.377, 0.879) respectively. The hazard indexes were also calculated, where the radium average equivalent activity Raeq was 56.084 , And Hazard index for -ray ( ) was 0.420 , The average absorbed does in Air (AD) was 27.347, The results of the present study have shown that the rates of Specific activity and radiological hazard effects Rate for Gamma ray in samples sediment the Euphrates River on Babylon governorate were all lower  than the value of the global limit

Temporal epidemiology of microfilaraemia among migrant workers entering Kuwait

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is paucity of published data on the microfilarial infection among migrants from endemic countries entering Kuwait. The primary objectives of this study were to use routine health surveillance data to i) to estimate the prevalence of microfilarial infection in migrant workers to Kuwait and ii) to determine the occurrence of any time trends in the proportions of microfilaria positives among these workers over the recent past.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Monthly aggregates of microfilaria thick slide test results obtained from routine health examinations of migrant workers conducted at the Ports and Border Health Division of Ministry of Health, Kuwait between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 2006, were available for trend analysis of these time series data.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>During the study period, the prevalence (per 100,000) of microfilaraemia positive migrant workers was 48 (1169/2449360). A third-order polynomial regression model of monthly proportions of microfilaraemic workers revealed a significant initial increase (<inline-formula><m:math name="1756-0500-1-8-i1" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:semantics><m:mrow><m:msub><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>β</m:mi><m:mo>ˆ</m:mo></m:mover><m:mn>1</m:mn></m:msub></m:mrow><m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"> MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbaKaadaWgaaWcbaGaeGymaedabeaaaaa@2EA2@</m:annotation></m:semantics></m:math></inline-formula> = 2.976 (± 0.157); <it>P </it>< 0.001), followed by a significant declining trend (<inline-formula><m:math name="1756-0500-1-8-i2" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:semantics><m:mrow><m:msub><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>β</m:mi><m:mo>ˆ</m:mo></m:mover><m:mn>2</m:mn></m:msub></m:mrow><m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"> MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbaKaadaWgaaWcbaGaeGOmaidabeaaaaa@2EA4@</m:annotation></m:semantics></m:math></inline-formula> = -0.0358 (± 0.002); <it>P </it>< 0.001) and a slight but significant upward trend (<inline-formula><m:math name="1756-0500-1-8-i3" xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><m:semantics><m:mrow><m:msub><m:mover accent="true"><m:mi>β</m:mi><m:mo>ˆ</m:mo></m:mover><m:mn>3</m:mn></m:msub></m:mrow><m:annotation encoding="MathType-MTEF"> MathType@MTEF@5@5@+=feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfKttLearuWrP9MDH5MBPbIqV92AaeXatLxBI9gBaebbnrfifHhDYfgasaacPC6xNi=xH8viVGI8Gi=hEeeu0xXdbba9frFj0xb9qqpG0dXdb9aspeI8k8fiI+fsY=rqGqVepae9pg0db9vqaiVgFr0xfr=xfr=xc9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaaeqabiWaaaGcbaGafqOSdiMbaKaadaWgaaWcbaGaeG4mamdabeaaaaa@2EA6@</m:annotation></m:semantics></m:math></inline-formula> = 0.0001 (± < 0.001); <it>P </it>< 0.001) towards the end of study period.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study showed a recent steady but apparently asymptotic decline in the prevalence of microfilarial infection in migrant workers from filarial endemic countries to Kuwait. This may reflect either changes in the socio-economic backgrounds of recent migrants or the effects of recently initiated mass drug administration programs carried out in the endemic countries of origin.</p

Design and implementation of an oil leakage monitoring system based on wireless network

Monitoring pipeline leaks is one of the recent hot studies. Leakage may occur because of time corrosion in the tube raw materials. To reduce the negative consequences of this leak, an effective leak detection system is used to prevent serious leakage accidents and damage in oil pipelines. Buildings, ecosystems, air pollution, and human life are all at risk in case of leakage occurs which could lead to fires. This paper introduces one of the research methods for the detection of pipeline leaks with a particular focus on software-based methods. The computer board interface (CBI) and wireless sensor networks have been used beside Arduino as a micro-monitor for the entire system. ZigBee is also utilized to send read data from sensors to the monitoring system displayed on the LabVIEW graphical user interface (GUI). The operator can take direct action when a leak occurs. The effectiveness of the leakage monitoring process and its practical use are demonstrated by the introduction of computerized techniques based on pressure gauge analysis on a specific pipeline in the laboratory. The result showed that the system is widely covered, accurate data transmission and robust real-time performance which reduces economic losses and environmental pollution

The impact of human resources training and development strategy on crisis management: an analytical study in the general company for food products

The current research aims to test the impact of HR training and development strategy on crisis management, the problem of the research is there an impact of the strategy of training and developing human resources in crisis management in the Iraq Insurance Company? A questionnaire was used to collect data according to the distribution of (80) questionnaires on the research sample. The data were analyzed using the SPSS program, using several statistical tools to test the hypothesis of the research. The research came out with a set of conclusions, one of the most important thinks was that there is an impact of the strategy of training and developing HR in crisis management in the Iraq Insurance Company. The research came out with many suitable recommendations

Formulating the Cyber Security Culture in Organizations: Proposing and Arguing Insights

Purpose: This research aims to enhance practical organizational practices and academic research literature by critically investigating the latest findings in cybersecurity culture research through a systematic review of relevant literature and research.   Theoretical Framework:This work seeks to summarize key research developments in a research area that remains challenging for companies as they seek to build strong security cultures to protect their information (Tripwire, 2020). And reviewing the legal regulations that must be trained to protect institutions from cyber threats in the Kingdom of Bahrain and Saudi Arabia.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The methodology of this study implements a systematic literature review to assess the main components of cybersecurity culture and what good practice can help to build it professionally.    Findings: The main results find that current literature must move from a technical approach to information security to a socio-cultural one. Also, this study predicts that cybercrime will increase dramatically and cost the world trillions annually.    Research Practical and Social Implications: this study attempts to define human resource management's role in cybersecurity awareness training and therfore the managers can deveplo the necessary rules to secure the organizational information.   Originality/Value: The study is within the first studies  to  be  conducted  in  GCC countries.  Moreover, the  to build a cyber security culture is unique topic add on to the academic knowledge. Also, can motivate the future studies to focus on efficiently organizing security procedures and enhancing security readiness appraisal consequences by providing more perceptions of imminent threats and security hazards.

Cultural Intelligence and Diversity in Higher Education: A Case Study from Bahrain

Universities and different higher education instructions in Bahrain are multicultural in nature. In this context, cultural intelligence (CQ) is a tool that can increase an individual’s ability to interact with people outside their culture. This study aims to provide a shred of empirical evidence on the value of using a coherent organizational framework of Cultural Intelligence to pursue tasks effectively in diverse contexts. Hence, a qualitative research design was used to achieve the research objectives. The study employs in-depth Interviews with 72 participants from different higher education instructions in Bahrain Company to collect the required data for this research effort. The open-ended qualitative questions have enabled participants to provide supplementary evidence around cultural intelligence and were valid for interpretation. This study provides an understanding of how individuals perform in multicultural environments, which can be helpful to managers in formulating new motivational strategies to enhance employee performance in higher education. The results show significant characteristics that predict employees ability to function effectively in a multicultural work environment. These findings have implications for different higher education instructions in Bahrain and other companies looking for survival and growth in the global marketplace. Given the research findings, senior leaders of additional higher education instructions in Bahrain should prioritize CQ, define and develop its goals, and value employees with high CQ to improve organizational performance in international assignments