Techniques of Eyebrow Lifting: A Narrative Review

None of brow lift techniques are completely satisfactory because of their limited effectiveness, lack of longevity, and potential complications. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the pros and cons of the most popular techniques in brow and forehead lift. Relevant original articles in the PubMed database (English language) were sought using the search terms “eyebrow lift”, “forehead lift”, ”periorbital rejuvenation”, ”eyebrow ptosis”, ”blepharoplasty and eyebrow change”, ”surgical eyebrow lift”, and ”non-surgical eyebrow lift”, No date limitation was considered. Titles and abstracts were scanned to include the most pertinent articles. Subsequently, full texts of included articles (111 articles) were skimmed and finally 56 references were selected for the review. A narrative synthesis of data was finally undertaken with particular attention to the indications, techniques, and common complications of the eyebrow lift procedures. Ten popular techniques including two nonsurgical methods (Botulinum toxin A and soft tissue fillers) were reviewed in this article. In general, non-surgical methods of forehead/brow lift are temporary, need less experience and correction would be easier should any complication occur. Surgical methods are divided into three categories: trans-blepharoplasty eyebrow lift, direct eyebrow lift, and trans-forehead eyebrow/forehead lift. Currently, the most popular method is the endoscopic forehead lift approach even though its longevity is limited. Direct brow-lift is particularly useful in patients with facial palsy and those who are more likely to be accepting of the scar (male gender, high forehead hair line)

Techniques of Eyebrow Lifting: A Narrative Review

None of brow lift techniques are completely satisfactory because of their limited effectiveness, lack of longevity, and potential complications. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive review of the literature on the pros and cons of the most popular techniques in brow and forehead lift. Relevant original articles in the PubMed database (English language) were sought using the search terms “eyebrow lift”, “forehead lift”, ”periorbital rejuvenation”, ”eyebrow ptosis”, ”blepharoplasty and eyebrow change”, ”surgical eyebrow lift”, and ”non-surgical eyebrow lift”, No date limitation was considered. Titles and abstracts were scanned to include the most pertinent articles. Subsequently, full texts of included articles (111 articles) were skimmed and finally 56 references were selected for the review. A narrative synthesis of data was finally undertaken with particular attention to the indications, techniques, and common complications of the eyebrow lift procedures. Ten popular techniques including two nonsurgical methods (Botulinum toxin A and soft tissue fillers) were reviewed in this article. In general, non-surgical methods of forehead/brow lift are temporary, need less experience and correction would be easier should any complication occur. Surgical methods are divided into three categories: trans-blepharoplasty eyebrow lift, direct eyebrow lift, and trans-forehead eyebrow/forehead lift. Currently, the most popular method is the endoscopic forehead lift approach even though its longevity is limited. Direct brow-lift is particularly useful in patients with facial palsy and those who are more likely to be accepting of the scar (male gender, high forehead hair line)

Periorbital facial rejuvenation; applied anatomy and pre-operative assessment

Purpose: Since different subspecialties are currently performing a variety of upper facial rejuvenation procedures, and the level of knowledge on the ocular and periocular anatomy and physiology is different, this review aims to highlight the most important preoperative examinations and tests with special attention to the eye and periocular adnexal structures for general ophthalmologist and specialties other than oculo-facial surgeons in order to inform them about the fine and important points that should be considered before surgery to have both cosmetic and functional improvement. Methods: English literature review was performed using PubMed with the different keywords of “periorbital rejuvenation”, “blepharoptosis”, “eyebrow ptosis”, “blepharoplasty”, “eyelid examination”, “facial assessment”, and “lifting”. Initial screening was performed by the senior author to include the most pertinent articles. The full text of the selected articles was reviewed, and some articles were added based upon the references of the initial articles. Included articles were then reviewed with special attention to the preoperative assessment of the periorbital facial rejuvenation procedures. Results: There were 254 articles in the initial screening from which 84 articles were found to be mostly related to the topic of this review. The number finally increased to 112 articles after adding the pertinent references of the initial articles. Conclusion: Static and dynamic aging changes of the periorbital area should be assessed as an eyelid-eyebrow unit paying more attention to the anthropometric landmarks. Assessing the facial asymmetry, performing comprehensive and detailed ocular examination, and asking about patients' expectation are three key elements in this regard. Furthermore, taking standard facial pictures, obtaining special consent form, and finally getting feedback are also indispensable tools toward a better outcome. Keywords: Blepharoplasty, Cheek, Eyebrow, Eyelid, Lifting, Rejuvenatio