Investigations into the reactions of imines and enamines.

Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1993.Recent work in our laboratory has led to a new synthesis of the 2-oxo-a8'&-hexahydroquinoline ring system. This involved the condensation of B-alkylaminopropanoates with 2-methylcyclohexanone. Further reactions of B-aminopropanoates with other cyclic ketones and acyclic ketones have been investigated and are now reported. These reactions are found to be sensitive to steric effects, the stability of the ketone and the presence of molecular sieves and have led not only to the synthesis of the quinolone ring system but also to the inden-7-one and pyridone ring systems. A new one pot synthesis of the bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5-one ring system from acyclic precursors has recently been reported. Reaction of" two equivalents of phenyl vinyl ketone with one equivalent of N-2-butylidenebenzylamine has lead to the synthesis of 2-benzoyl-4-methyl-l-phenylbicyclo[2.2.2]octan-5one as a mixture of two isomers. This reaction has now been extended to N-2-(4-phenylbutylidene)propylamine and ethyl N-propyl-4-iminopentanoate and our findings are reported

Introduction to robotics agriculture in pest control: a review

Agriculture is one of the latest industries that uses robotic technologies. Cultivation of crops with high yield and quality can be enhanced when technological sustenance is involved. Pests are nuisance and cannot be completely eliminated, but with effective control and management. damages caused by pests could be minimized below economic threshold. Automation in agriculture is stable and accurate and is mainly incorporated in mechanized farming system. However its numerous application in different agricultural practices is not well noticed. Hence this paper attempts to provide profound awareness on robotic technology in agriculture. Robots could have a specific or multiple functions and, most commonly, they are made up of five basic components; sensors, effectors, actuators, controller and arms. Use of automation in weeding, weed mapping, micro spraying, seeding, irrigation and harvesting are progressions which promote sustainable agriculture and food security. In future, solar robots with battery inverter may be invented

Enhancement of student performance prediction using modified K-nearest neighbor

The traditional K-nearest neighbor (KNN) algorithm uses an exhaustive search for a complete training set to predict a single test sample. This procedure can slow down the system to consume more time for huge datasets. The selection of classes for a new sample depends on a simple majority voting system that does not reflect the various significance of different samples (i.e. ignoring the similarities among samples). It also leads to a misclassification problem due to the occurrence of a double majority class. In reference to the above-mentioned issues, this work adopts a combination of moment descriptor and KNN to optimize the sample selection. This is done based on the fact that classifying the training samples before the searching actually takes place can speed up and improve the predictive performance of the nearest neighbor. The proposed method can be called as fast KNN (FKNN). The experimental results show that the proposed FKNN method decreases original KNN consuming time within a range of (75.4%) to (90.25%), and improve the classification accuracy percentage in the range from (20%) to (36.3%) utilizing three types of student datasets to predict whether the student can pass or fail the exam automatically

Introduction to Robotics Agriculture in Pest Control: A Review

Agriculture is one of the latest industries that uses robotic technologies. Cultivation of crops with high yield and quality can be enhanced when technological sustenance is involved. Pests are nuisance and cannot be completely eliminated, but with effective control and management. damages caused by pests could be minimized below economic threshold. Automation in agriculture is stable and accurate and is mainly incorporated in mechanized farming system. However its numerous application in different agricultural practices is not well noticed. Hence this paper attempts to provide profound awareness on robotic technology in agriculture. Robots could have a specific or multiple functions and, most commonly, they are made up of five basic components; sensors, effectors, actuators, controller and arms. Use of automation in weeding, weed mapping, micro spraying, seeding, irrigation and harvesting are progressions which promote sustainable agriculture and food security. In future, solar robots with battery inverter may be invented

Retrograde Pedal Access For Revascularization Of Infrapopliteal Arterial Occlusive Disease In Critical Limb Ischemia (CLI) Patients As A Primary Approach.

Introduction: We are presenting three cases (out of similar several cases) where tibio-pedal approach was performed as an initial primary approach for limb salvage in patients with CLI secondary to Infra-popliteal (IP) disease. We consider this approach to be a necessary evolution in endovascular intervention. Discussion: Retrograde pedal access is safe, feasible with high technical success rate and a relatively low procedural complication rate, with low 30 days mortality and low rate of major adverse cardiac events. Freedom from major adverse limb events and limb salvage are both high at 1 year follow up. It allows quick therapy and short procedure time with less observation time in the hospital. A retrograde approach utilizing pedal access improves the crossing success of lesions as well as facilitates the use of some atherectomy devices to remove large plaque burden and modify the compliance of severely calcified infra-popliteal vessels. Using the retrograde approach will minimize the classic complications of the antegrade femoral approach. Conclusion: Retrograde tibio-pedal arterial access, as an initial primary approach for endovascular intervention in CLI patients confined to IP vessels, is an effective, safe, and feasible approach with a high technical success rate and a relatively low procedural complication rate

Effect of Lupin (Lupinus albifrons) Flour on Microbial and sensory properties of local Yoghurt

This study conducted and implicated in the General State Company for Dairy Products, Abu-Ghraib/ Baghdad/Iraq in February to April /2014. Two different sweet lupin seed (Jordanian, Egyptian) origin were used for this study which been imported from the local markets. Soaking and boiling process (de- bittering process) of lupin seeds was used to destroy thermo-labile anti-nutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid and to soften the seed. It was been found that, the concentration (2, 4, 6)% of lupin seed supplementation for each origin (Jordan and Egypt) are the best in dairy product supplementation after conducting many different tests to see the best degree of agreement by the specialized panelists in the dairy company. The physicochemical analysis of the supplemented yogurt with different concentration (2, 4, and 6) % of Jordanian and Egyptian lupin flour showed that, it does not affect the percent of fat content statistically. But, there were clear positive statistical significant differences in the total solid. Also, there were statistically positive correlation between lupin flour concentration addition and total solid of the yogurt product which does affect directly the texture of the yogurt. There were statistically positive correlation between lupin flour concentration supplement and the pH of the yogurt product which does affect directly the flavor and taste of the yogurt product by the consumers. Thus, increasing the concentration of the supplementation with lupin flour lead to decrease the acidity and increase the pH in yogurt products significantly. Sensory evaluation of the supplemented yogurt product were showed that the 2 and 4% of lupin flour for both origin were the highest positive effect on physicochemical and sensory scores (flavor, taste, acidity, texture and consistency, appearance, and the total properties). Also, it was found that, the period of storage (1-14 days) did not affect the physicochemical and sensory evaluation clearly of the supplemented lupin dairy product. Therefore, we recommended the possibility of supplementation of yogurt with sweet lupin flour for its healthier and structural effect on human health to these kind of products. Keywords: Dairy product, Supplementation, Lupin flour, Physicochemical properties, Sensory evaluation, microbial content. 

Endovascular Therapy of TASC-D Lesion in Critical Limb Ischemia

CLI (Rutherford class IV-VI) is a terminal stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD); it is defined by the presence of resting pain and/or tissue loss for at least two weeks that may require urgent revascularization to promote healing and prevent limb loss.For patients with infrarenal aortoiliac occlusive disease, the revascularization options are surgery like aortofemoral bypass and axillofemoral bypass or percutaneous intervention. Aortoiliac and aortofemoral bypass procedures are associated with 74% to 95% 5-year patency rates, respectively, which are comparable but not superior to percutaneous therapies.These operations may imply a significant morbidity and mortality on CLI patients who usually have multiple comorbid conditions and are considered high risk patients

Endovascular Therapy of TASC-D Lesion in Critical Limb Ischemia

CLI (Rutherford class IV-VI) is a terminal stage of peripheral artery disease (PAD); it is defined by the presence of resting pain and/or tissue loss for at least two weeks that may require urgent revascularization to promote healing and prevent limb loss.For patients with infrarenal aortoiliac occlusive disease, the revascularization options are surgery like aortofemoral bypass and axillofemoral bypass or percutaneous intervention. Aortoiliac and aortofemoral bypass procedures are associated with 74% to 95% 5-year patency rates, respectively, which are comparable but not superior to percutaneous therapies.These operations may imply a significant morbidity and mortality on CLI patients who usually have multiple comorbid conditions and are considered high risk patients

Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization for Some Metal ion Complexes with 2-Hydroxy-3-((5-Mercapto-1,3,4-Thiadiazol-2-yl)Diazenyl)-1-Naphthaldehyde

New metal ion complexes were synthesized with the general formula; K[PtLCl4], [ReLCl4] and K[ML(Cl)2] where M = Pd(II), Cd(II), Zn(II) and Hg(II), from the Azo ligand (HL) [2-Hydroxy-3-((5-mercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)-1-naphth aldehyde] (HL) the ligand was synthesized from (2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) and (5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol). The ligand and its metal complexes are characterized by phisco- chemical spectroscopic techniques (FT.IR, UV-Vis and Mass spectra, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, Atomic Absorption, Chloride contain and magnetic susceptibility). The spectral data suggest that the (HL) behaves as a bidentate ligand in all complexes. These studies revealed tetrahedral geometries for all metal complexes, except square planar for Pd(II) complex and except octahedral geometry for Pt(IV) and Re(V) complexes. The study of complexes formation via molar ratio of (M:L) as (1:1). Theoretical treatment of this ligand and its metal complexes in gas phase using Hyper chem.8 was preformed

Left Ventricular Noncompaction Syndrome: A Rare Congenital Cardiomyopathy

Isolated left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is a rare congenital condition occurring due to arrest of myocardial compaction in the first trimester, resulting in a thin layer of compacted epicardium and thick hypertrabeculated myocardium containing deep recesses. This article presents a 44-year-old female with progressive dyspnea, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and pleuritic chest pain. Examination revealed elevated jugular venous distention, lower extremity edema, and bibasilar crackles on lung auscultation, while the electrocardiogram (EKG) exhibited left bundle branch block. Two-dimensional echocardiography (2D-Echo) showed a dilated left ventricle (LV) with ejection fraction (EF) of 25% and severe diffuse hypokinesia. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed the diagnosis of LVNC. Thereafter, she developed atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular rate. Conservative treatment was initiated with Tikosyn, Xarelto, Lasix, Toprol XL, Lisinopril, statin and life vest. Eventually, a cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillator (CRT-D) was implanted to prevent sudden cardiac death and reduce heart failure complications