Afiliación, movilización y aliados políticos: las incógnitas del poder sindical español (1977 - 1988)

Sin resume

How Does Restructuring Contribute to Union Revitalization?

[Excerpt] As we look cross-nationally at labour movement revitalization, we see a complex process of change that varies depending on the socio-political/economic context. Although we observe a diverse set of union strategies and outcomes, we find that structural adjustment is a common element of revitalization efforts. The mere presence of restructuring does not, of course, assure positive results. In this chapter we define various forms of restructuring, outline factors that shape and promote restructuring, and discuss the likelihood that restructuring leads to union revitalization by using examples from our cross-country comparison

Causal Attribution Habits and Cultural Orientation as Contributing Factors to Students’ Self-Efficacy: A Comparison Between Female Students in the United States and Saudi Arabia

[EN] In the present research, we examined the extent to which explanations of desirable or undesirable outcomes (grades) can account for the self-efficacy of female college students from two societies with dissimilar cultural traditions: The United States of America, which is characterized by a dominant individualistic culture, and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, which has a dominant collectivist culture. A matched-pairs design (N=560; 280 matched pairs) was used to ensure that students’ self-efficacy levels were equated between cultural groups. We found cultural differences in the choice of explanations and in the extent to which explanations contribute to self-efficacy values. These findings are relevant to the development of curricula and instructional methods that are intended to prepare students from different cultures for academic success.Hamann, K.; Wilson, R.; Wilson, B.; Pilotti, M. (2021). Causal Attribution Habits and Cultural Orientation as Contributing Factors to Students’ Self-Efficacy: A Comparison Between Female Students in the United States and Saudi Arabia. En 7th International Conference on Higher Education Advances (HEAd'21). Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 599-606. https://doi.org/10.4995/HEAd21.2021.12790OCS59960

Conceptualizing Labour Union Revitalization

[Excerpt] Unions have engaged in revitalization efforts in all five country cases that form the basis of comparison of this book, though they differ in the strategies they have pursued and the level of success they have had. Some of the strategies have been promising or even successful in terms of their immediate outcomes; others are still waiting to be fully implemented; and still others have failed to live up to the original expectations. While in many countries union activists are eagerly developing strategies to turn their fate, they are also facing some doubt or even resistance by politicians and academics alike who question the need for a strong and unified representation of labour. Here, we set out to provide a conceptual framework to understand better these various efforts at revival of national union movements. The following section discusses existing analyses of union revitalization and argues that a comparative perspective is well suited to shed light on unions’ revitalization efforts. We then introduce different analytical perspectives on the role of labour in the economy, politics, and society to help identify the significance of unions in an ever more global economy. The next section outlines the parameters of crisis for unions by tracing indicators of union strength over time. We then suggest a framework for conceptualizing union revitalization as a multidimensional process and argue that revitalization has different meanings depending on the specific national context.Hurd13_Conceptualizing_Labour_Union.pdf: 1109 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020

Unions Against Governments Explaining General Strikes in Western Europe, 1980–2006

Across Western Europe, unions have increasingly engaged in staging general strikes against governments since 1980. This increase in general strikes is puzzling as it has occurred at the same time as economic strikes have been on the decline. We posit that theories developed to explain economic strikes hold little explanatory power in accounting for variation in general strikes across countries and over time. Instead, we develop a framework based on political variables, in particular, whether governments have included or excluded unions in framing policy reforms; the party position of the government; and the type of government. Our empirical analysis, based on a conditional fixed-effects logit estimation of 84 general strikes between 1980 and 2006, shows that union exclusion and the party position of the government can provide an initial explanation for the occurrence of general strikes.Keywords: policy reforms, Western Europe, unions, general strikes, social pact

The role of regulatory T cells in antigen-induced arthritis: aggravation of arthritis after depletion and amelioration after transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+ )T cells

It is now generally accepted that CD4(+)CD25(+ )T(reg )cells play a major role in the prevention of autoimmunity and pathological immune responses. Their involvement in the pathogenesis of chronic arthritis is controversial, however, and so we examined their role in experimental antigen-induced arthritis in mice. Depletion of CD25-expressing cells in immunized animals before arthritis induction led to increased cellular and humoral immune responses to the inducing antigen (methylated bovine serum albumin; mBSA) and autoantigens, and to an exacerbation of arthritis, as indicated by clinical (knee joint swelling) and histological scores. Transfer of CD4(+)CD25(+ )cells into immunized mice at the time of induction of antigen-induced arthritis decreased the severity of disease but was not able to cure established arthritis. No significant changes in mBSA-specific immune responses were detected. In vivo migration studies showed a preferential accumulation of CD4(+)CD25(+ )cells in the inflamed joint as compared with CD4(+)CD25(- )cells. These data imply a significant role for CD4(+)CD25(+ )T(reg )cells in the control of chronic arthritis. However, transferred T(reg )cells appear to be unable to counteract established acute or chronic inflammation. This is of considerable importance for the timing of T(reg )cell transfer in potential therapeutic applications

Sharing the Rewards, Dividing the Costs? The Electoral Consequences of Social Pacts and Legislative Reform in Western Europe

Research suggests that electoral pressures may provide an explanation for why governments offer pacts to unions and employers rather than acting through legislation when faced with the need to pass potentially unpopular reforms to welfare policies, wages, and labour markets. Here, we analyse whether governments’ pursuit of pacts affects their vote share and increases the probability that they gain re-election for 16 West European countries between 1980 and 2012. We find that the presence of social pacts has a significant and positive effect on incumbents’ vote shares at the next election and also results in a higher probability of re-election. While all types of governments benefit electorally from pacts, the electoral penalties from the pursuit of unilateral legislation on policy reforms harm single-party majorities the most, minority governments moderately, and coalition majorities the least

The origins of redistributive policy preferences: political socialisation with and without a welfare state

Research on the impact of the macroeconomy on individual-level preferences for redistribution has produced varying results. This paper presents a new theory on the presence of an expansive welfare state during one’s formative years as a source of heterogeneity in the effect that macroeconomic conditions have on individuals’ preferences for redistributive policy. This theory is tested using cohort analysis via the British Social Attitudes surveys (1983–2010), with generations coming of age between the end of World War I and today. Findings confirm that cohorts that were socialised before and after the introduction of the welfare state react differently to economic crises: the former become less supportive of redistribution, while the latter become more supportive. The research sheds light on the long-term shifts of support for the welfare state due to generational replacement

Kinematics and Ultraviolet to Infrared Morphology of the Inner Homunculus of η Carinae

We present the first ultraviolet and optical images of η Car and itscircumstellar Homunculus nebula, obtained with the Advanced Camera forSurveys/High Resolution Camera (ACS/HRC) on board the Hubble SpaceTelescope (HST). Compared to those at visual wavelengths, UV imagesreveal excess emission 0.1"-0.6" from the central source along the minoraxis that may emanate from the outer parts of η Car's nonsphericalstellar wind, which dominates the UV flux from η Car. The UVemission fills the cavity inside a dust torus measured from infrared(IR) data; within 0.2" of the star the UV emission projects a morphologyreminiscent of the IR torus, but it is a factor of 10 smaller. This``little torus'' seen in the UV may be related to the ``LittleHomunculus'' discovered recently, signifying recurrent mass ejectionswith the same geometry. Finally, we reexamine the kinematics of nebularcondensations near the star (Weigelt objects C and D) in HST images andspectra obtained over the past decade. We measure heliocentricvelocities slower than previous estimates, and from proper motions wederive an ejection date of 1908+/-12 yr, assuming linear motion.However, because of radiative acceleration, these objects may have beenejected earlier-perhaps during the 1890 outburst of η Car.Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, operated by theAssociation of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASAcontract NAS 5-26555

Inner Ear

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