On the Dynamics of a Three Stage Single Acting Reciprocating Compressor

The growing demand in the market for highly efficient, more reliable and less expensive compressors have activated the manufacturers to develop state-of-the-art analytical tools to predict, evaluate and optimize the existing as well as creating the new designs. Development of a mathematical tool for predicting the dynamic behavior saves considerable time and reduces the unnecessary number of prototypes as well as the development costs. In the present study, a non-linear dynamic model of a three stage single acting reciprocating compressor is developed to predict the entire motion of the compressor. The analytical model prepared for simulation of the motion is initially tested in a limited experiments for validation and an experimental setup is prepared. Pressure transducers are carefully mounted to record the pressure variation within the cylinder. Using this data the steady state PV-diagram is constructed and the pressure variation within the cylinder is obtained as function of the crank angle. Further modifications are being made in the setup to identify the angular position of the crank shaft and to record the angular speed of the crank shaft as a function of time. With these modifications the analytical model results are compared with the experimental findings and good agreement was observed. Then, a number of parametric studies are performed and the results are presented in the study

Severe metabolik acidosis secondary to jejunovesical fistula in a patient with carsinoma of the urinary bladder

Gerek intestinal segmentler kullanılarak yapılan üriner sistem rekonstrüksiyonları, gerekse fistüller sonucu idrarın intestinal mukoza ile temas halinde olması metabolik asidoz başta olmak üzere çeşitli metabolik komplikasyonlar doğurmaktadır. Ortaya çıkan asidozun öncelikle amonyum geri emilimine, daha az miktarda ise intestinal mukoza tarafından bikarbonat sekresyonuna bağlı olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bu yazıda mesane karsinomuna bağlı oluşmuş jejunovezikal fistül sonucunda şiddetli metabolik asidoz gelişen bir olgu sunulmuş ve metabolik komplikasyonların patofizyolojisi gözden geçirilmiştir.Several complications can arise when intestinal mucosa comes in contact with urine in patients with urinary reconstruction using intestinal segments or intestinovesical fistulas. The most important ofthese complications is hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. It has been shown that the acidosis is mainly a result of ammonium reabsorption with a much smaller contribution of bicarbonate secretion by intestinal mucosa. In this report, a patient with jejunovesical fistula secondary to carsinoma of the bladder with severe metabolic acidosis is presented and pathophysiology of the metabolic derangements is reviewed

The Effect of Preoperative and Intraoperative Clinical Findings on Success of Endoscopic Management of Ureteral Stone

Objective: We investigated the relationship between clinical data of patients who underwent ureterorenoscopy (URS) due to ureteral stone and stone free rates retro­spectively. Methods: Clinical data of 83 patients who underwent URS in our clinic were retrospectively analyzed. Pre­operative and intraoperative clinical parameters were recorded. Success was defined as not to detect > 4mm stone fragments 2 weeks after the operation. Appropriate statistical analysis were done for evaluating relationship between stone free rate and clinical data. Results: Mean age was 50.48±14.41 and male to female ratio was 2. Overall stone free rate was 83.2%. Postop­erative fever, ureteral perforation were detected in 7 and 2 patients, respectively. There were no differences between success and failure groups in terms of age, sex, opera­tion side, stone number, diameter, size, surface area, mean Hounsfield unit, usage of balloon dilatation. How­ever with respect to preoperative grade of hydronephrosis (low grade: 95.2% vs high grade: 69.4%, p=0.006), stone location (distal ureter: 92.9% vs proximal ureter: 72.5%, p=0.014) and operation time (success: 60.0 (45.0-60.0) min. vs failure: 85.0 (60.0-97.5) min. p=0.048) we found statistically significant differences between the study groups. In addition stone free rate was 91.7% with anti-retropulsion device Stone cone, whereas it was 81.4% without any ureteral occlusion (p=0.347). Conclusion: We assume that anti-retropulsion devices or flexible URS should be prefered especially in patients with hydronephrotic proximal ureteral stone for higher stone free rate with lower auxiliary procedure

Efficacy of prophylaxis with norfloxacin in transrectal prostate biopsy

Amaç: Transrektal iğne biyopsisi (TRıB) günümüzde prostat kanseri tanısı için standart tanı yöntemidir. Bu işleme bağlı enfektif komplikasyonların olasılığını azaltmak için çeşitli antibiyotik rejimleri kullanılmaktadır. Ancak TRıB profilaksisinde standart bir profilaksi rejimi henüz mevcut değildir. Yöntem: Kliniğimizde TRıB uygulanan 34 olguya işlemden 24 saat önce başlanarak ve 2x400 mg/gün dozunda 1 hafta süreyle norfloksasin profilaksisi uygulandı. TRıB sonrasındaki 48. saat ve 7. günde olmak üzere hastaların tümünden iki kez idrar kültürü alındı. Bakteriüri >1x105 koloni / ml olarak, febril atak >38.5 C ye ulaşan ateş olarak kabul edildi. Bulgular: Febril enfeksiyon oranı %3 ve üriner enfeksiyon oranı %3 olarak kaydedilirken, sepsis olgusuna rastlanmadı. Sonuç: TRıB sonrası görülebilecek enfeksiyon komplikasyon oranı küçümsenmeyecek derecededir. Bu gibi enfektif komplikasyonları engellemek amacıyla değişik maliyette ve genellikle parenteral antibiyotik içeren profilaksi rejimleri kullanılmaktadır. Norfloksasin ile işlemden 24 saat önce başlanan ve 1 hafta uygulanan profilaksi bu tip komplikasyonları minimale indirmesi ve düşük maliyeti ile TRıB profilaksisi için iyi bir aday olmaktadır.Objective: Transrectal needle biopsy is the standard method in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Various antibiotic regimens have been used to reduce the complication of infection associated with this procedure. However, there is no well-established antibiotic regimen for patients undergoing transrectal biopsy of the prostate. Methods: Thirty-four patients undergoing transrectal biopsies of the prostate received 400 mg of norfloxacin twice a day starting 24 h before biopsy and continued for 1 week. In 48 hours and 7th day after transrectal needle biopsy were provided urine culture. Significant bacteriuria was defined as more than 1x105 colony / mL and febrile attack was accepted as high fever reaching 38.5°C. Results: Each rates of bacteraemia and urinary tract infection were 3%, and no patient developed sepsis. Discussion: The development of infection after transrectal biopsy of prostate is not rare. With the purpose of preventing such complications, intravenous antibiotics in high cost are commonly used. Norfloxacin prophylaxis for 1 week effectively minimizes such complications and it also has a low cost

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS of SODES PROJECTS: THE CASE ofHAKKARİ

Social Support Program (SODES), launched in 2008, is a social developmentprogram that aims to respond to the needs posed by the changing social structureand the problems such as migration,poverty and unemployment in thedisadvantaged regions in order to strengthen human capital and to support socialintegration process in these regions. Inthis context, thepopulation involved bySODES are children, youth, women, theunemployed, the poor, the expatriatedpeople and the individuals and groups living in shantysettlements of the cities,especially those who have difficultiesin accessing the social opportunities.Hakkari is a province which is withinSODES program and ranks 80th among 81provinces in the development ranking ofTurkey. In this study, socio-economicimpacts of SODES projects to the province of Hakkari are investigated