U.S. Speaker Session 11: Canada and U.S. Approaches - Outsourcing, Offshoring, Nearshoring, Legal Aspects, Possible Conflicts, Economic Impact and Job Effects - U.S. Speaker

offshoring, nearshoring, employment--Canada, employment--United State

From International Treaties to Internet Norms: The Evolution of International Trademark Disputes in the Internet Age

In today\u27s dynamic, digital economy, there is a global clash between geographically bounded intellectual property rights and the limitless reach of the Internet. Traditionally, discrepancies in international intellectual property rights, such as trademark disputes, have been resolved through time-consuming, multilateral state-to-state treaty negotiations that have global harmonization as the primary goal. With the explosion of e-commerce and the birth of a New Economy, however, such a traditional process is no longer economically viable. Instead, a new approach towards international intellectual property is fast emerging - one that rests not on treaties between multiple states, but on the private contracting of individuals and the social norms of the cyberspace community. This article explores how this new approach of private ordering and Internet social norms operates in the arena of international trademark disputes. The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy recently established by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers provides an example of how private contracts have come to replace the sovereignty of nation-states in the resolution of international trademark disputes. Analyzing this new policy in detail, this article concludes that international trademarks are just one aspect of a greater trend - fostered by the Internet - away from top-down administration and towards a more democratic, and perhaps even populist, mode of decision making

From International Treaties to Internet Norms: The Evolution of International Trademark Disputes in the Internet Age

In today\u27s dynamic, digital economy, there is a global clash between geographically bounded intellectual property rights and the limitless reach of the Internet. Traditionally, discrepancies in international intellectual property rights, such as trademark disputes, have been resolved through time-consuming, multilateral state-to-state treaty negotiations that have global harmonization as the primary goal. With the explosion of e-commerce and the birth of a New Economy, however, such a traditional process is no longer economically viable. Instead, a new approach towards international intellectual property is fast emerging - one that rests not on treaties between multiple states, but on the private contracting of individuals and the social norms of the cyberspace community. This article explores how this new approach of private ordering and Internet social norms operates in the arena of international trademark disputes. The Uniform Domain Name Dispute Resolution Policy recently established by the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers provides an example of how private contracts have come to replace the sovereignty of nation-states in the resolution of international trademark disputes. Analyzing this new policy in detail, this article concludes that international trademarks are just one aspect of a greater trend - fostered by the Internet - away from top-down administration and towards a more democratic, and perhaps even populist, mode of decision making

Pokémon Go as a Persuasive Technology: Lessons Learned from an Acclaimed Mobile Game Experience

The mobile game Pokémon Go has received great attention given its controversy and popularity worldwide. The main objective of this study is understanding, by the use of a player-based survey, the impacts on players’ habits and behaviors, such as investigating its association with Captology concepts. Four interest axes unfold under this perspective: well-being, gameplay, franchising and technology. The major findings include the characterization of the game as a persuasive technology resulting from the identification of intentional behavior change in players. The analysis also leads to a discussion of its effectiveness from the perspective of persuasive technologies, thus obtaining relevant contributions for the development of new products, such as the importance of gamification and franchising.O jogo para dispositivos móveis Pokémon Go recebeu grande atenção devido a sua controvérsia e popularidade em todo o mundo. O principal objetivo deste estudo é entender, a partir de um levantamento com usuários, os impactos nos hábitos e comportamentos dos jogadores, bem como investigar a sua relação com os conceitos de Captologia. Quatro eixos de interesse desdobram sob esta perspectiva: bem-estar, jogabilidade, franquias e tecnologia. Os principais resultados incluem a caracterização do jogo como uma tecnologia persuasiva, em virtude da identificação da mudança de comportamento intencional nos jogadores. A análise também leva a uma discussão de sua eficácia a partir da perspectiva de tecnologias persuasivas, obtendo, portanto, contribuições relevantes para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, como a importância da gamificação e do franchising

Metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes in youth: from diagnosis to treatment

Overweight and obesity in youth is a worldwide public health problem. Overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescents have a substantial effect upon many systems, resulting in clinical conditions such as metabolic syndrome, early atherosclerosis, dyslipidemia, hypertension and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Obesity and the type of body fat distribution are still the core aspects of insulin resistance and seem to be the physiopathologic links common to metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular disease and T2D. The earlier the appearance of the clustering of risk factors and the higher the time of exposure, the greater will be the chance of developing coronary disease with a more severe endpoint. The age when the event may occur seems to be related to the presence and aggregation of risk factors throughout life

Crack-cocaine users have less family cohesion than alcohol users

Objective: Many studies correlate characteristics of family functioning and the development of drug addiction. This study sought to evaluate and compare the family environment styles of two groups of psychoactive substance users: 1) alcohol-only users and 2) crack-cocaine users. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-four users of alcohol, crack-cocaine, and other drugs, recruited from research centers in four Brazilian capitals participated in this study. Subjects were evaluated through the Family Environment Scale and the Addiction Severity Index, 6th version (ASI-6). ASI-6 t-scores were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests. A final model was obtained using a logistic regression analysis. All analyses were adjusted for partner, age, and psychiatric t-score. Results: We found a significant difference between groups in the cohesion subscale (p = 0.044). The post-hoc test revealed a difference of 1.06 points (95% CI 0.11-2.01) between groups 1 (6.45 +/- 0.28) and 2 (5.38 +/- 0.20). No significant between-group differences were observed in the other subscales. However, categorical analyses of variables regarding family dynamic showed that crack users more often reported that sometimes people in their family hit each other (30.4% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.007) and that people in their family frequently compared each other regarding work and/or school achievement (57.2% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.041). Conclusion: These results suggest that families of crack-cocaine users are less cohesive than families of alcohol users. This type of family environment may affect treatment outcome, and should thus be adequately approached.SENADNational Institutes of Health/National Institute on Drug AbuseUniv Fed Rio do Grande UFRGS, HCPA, CPAD, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHCPA, Unidade Bioestat, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Lab Biossinais Fenomenol & Cognicao, Inst Psicol, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psicobiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro UFRJ, Inst Psiquiatria, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo UNIFESP, Dept Psicobiol, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilSENAD: TC 005/2005Web of Scienc

Ensino de Design e Emoção: Uma análise das matrizes curriculares de graduação em Design na Região Sul do Brasil

Os cursos de graduação em Design no Brasil são responsáveis por formar profissionais que tenham como perfil a capacidade de articular habilidades, competências e conhecimentos, tais como visão sistêmica interdisciplinar, capacidade criativa, de expressão e reprodução visual, assim como conhecimento de aspectos econômicos, psicológicos e sociais aplicados a projetos. Neste contexto, o Design e Emoção é um dos campos do design que vem crescendo nas últimas décadas, e este trabalho teve como objetivo examinar o seu crescimento a partir da presença da temática em disciplinas de cursos de graduação nas universidades da Região Sul do Brasil. Realizou-se uma pesquisa documental analisando as matrizes curriculares e as ementas dos cursos de bacharelado e de tecnologia em Design, Design Gráfico e de Produto, e Desenho Industrial. Como resultado, verificou-se que apenas uma instituição conta com disciplina específica relacionada à D&E, indicando a existência de uma oportuna lacuna curricular a ser preenchida.Â

Human Fallopian Tube Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Enhance Bone Regeneration in a Xenotransplanted Model

We have recently reported that human fallopian tubes, which are discarded during surgical procedures of women submitted to sterilization or hysterectomies, are a rich source of human fallopian tube mesenchymal stromal cells (htMSCs). It has been previously shown that human mesenchymal stromal cells may be useful in enhancing the speed of bone regeneration. This prompted us to investigate whether htMSCs might be useful for the treatment of osteoporosis or other bone diseases, since they present a pronounced capacity for osteogenic differentiation in vitro. Based on this prior knowledge, our aim was to evaluate, in vivo, the osteogenic capacity of htMSCs to regenerate bone through an already described xenotransplantation model: nonimmunosuppressed (NIS) rats with cranial defects. htMSCs were obtained from five 30–50 years old healthy women and characterized by flow cytometry and for their multipotenciality in vitro capacity (osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiations). Two symmetric full-thickness cranial defects on each parietal region of seven NIS rats were performed. The left side (LS) of six animals was covered with CellCeram (Scaffdex)—a bioabsorbable ceramic composite scaffold that contains 60% hydroxyapatite and 40% β-tricalciumphosphate—only, and the right side (RS) with the CellCeram and htMSCs (106 cells/scaffold). The animals were euthanized at 30, 60 and 90 days postoperatively and cranial tissue samples were taken for histological analysis. After 90 days we observed neobone formation in both sides. However, in animals euthanized 30 and 60 days after the procedure, a mature bone was observed only on the side with htMSCs. PCR and immunofluorescence analysis confirmed the presence of human DNA and thus that human cells were not rejected, which further supports the imunomodulatory property of htMSCs. In conclusion, htMSCs can be used successfully to enhance bone regeneration in vivo, opening a new field for future treatments of osteoporosis and bone reconstruction

Crack-cocaine users have less family cohesion than alcohol users

Objective: Many studies correlate characteristics of family functioning and the development of drug addiction. This study sought to evaluate and compare the family environment styles of two groups of psychoactive substance users: 1) alcohol-only users and 2) crack-cocaine users. Methods: Three hundred and sixty-four users of alcohol, crack-cocaine, and other drugs, recruited from research centers in four Brazilian capitals participated in this study. Subjects were evaluated through the Family Environment Scale and the Addiction Severity Index, 6th version (ASI-6). ASI-6 t-scores were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc tests. A final model was obtained using a logistic regression analysis. All analyses were adjusted for partner, age, and psychiatric t-score. Results: We found a significant difference between groups in the cohesion subscale (p = 0.044). The post-hoc test revealed a difference of 1.06 points (95%CI 0.11-2.01) between groups 1 (6.4560.28) and 2 (5.3860.20). No significant between-group differences were observed in the other subscales. However, categorical analyses of variables regarding family dynamic showed that crack users more often reported that sometimes people in their family hit each other (30.4% vs. 13.2%, p = 0.007) and that people in their family frequently compared each other regarding work and/or school achievement (57.2% vs. 42.6%, p = 0.041). Conclusion: These results suggest that families of crack-cocaine users are less cohesive than families of alcohol users. This type of family environment may affect treatment outcome, and should thus be adequately approached