LEISHMANIOSE VISCERAL CANINA: DETECÇÃO DE DNA EM SORO POR PCR EM TEMPO REAL

O diagnóstico de leishmaniose visceral canina (LVC) pelas técnicas imunológicas ainda não é satisfatório, uma vez que a detecção de anticorpos nem sempre corresponde a presença do parasita no animal. O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar DNA de Leishmania em soro de caninos por PCR em tempo real e comparar os resultados com os obtidos pelos métodos imunológicos (DPP® e ELISA). O DNA foi extraído de soro de 60 caninos e analisado por PCR em tempo real utilizando como alvo a região do cinetoplasto. Na comparação dos resultados, o teste molecular mostrou uma sensibilidade e especificidade de 86,2% e 93,5%, respectivamente. É possível concluir que este método poderia auxiliar em um diagnóstico de LVC mais preciso, uma vez que confirma a presença do DNA de Leishmania nos cães infectados.

a multicenter study

(1) Background: The Commercial Kit SIRE Nitratase® PlastLabor, is a drug susceptibility test kit used to detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to first-line TB treatment drugs. The present study aimed at evaluating its performance in a multicenter study. (2) Methods: To determine its accuracy, the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or the BACTECTMMGITTM960 system was used as a gold standard. (3) Results: The study revealed that the respective accuracies of the kit with 190 M. tuberculosis clinical isolates, using the proportion methods in Lowenstein Jensen medium or BACTECTMMGITTM960 system as a gold standard, were 93.9% and 94.6%, 96.9% and 94.6%, 98.0% and 97.8%, and 98.0% and 98.9%, for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol, respectively. (4) Conclusion: Thus, the kit can rapidly screen resistance to streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin, and ethambutol. Additionally, it does not require sophisticated equipment; hence, it can be easily used in the laboratories of low and middle income countries.publishersversionpublishe

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus in a group of patients newly diagnosed with active tuberculosis in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil

Submitted by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-05-04T13:46:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 christian_niel_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 311849 bytes, checksum: 4e5c5a9c1eef1cdd7d151673fd203597 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Sandra Infurna ([email protected]) on 2017-05-04T13:56:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 christian_niel_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 311849 bytes, checksum: 4e5c5a9c1eef1cdd7d151673fd203597 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-04T13:56:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 christian_niel_etal_IOC_2017.pdf: 311849 bytes, checksum: 4e5c5a9c1eef1cdd7d151673fd203597 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde. Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde. Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde. Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Universidade Luterana do Brasil. Canoas, RS, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde. Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde. Instituto de Pesquisas Biológicas. Laboratório Central do Estado. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Promoção da Saúde. Santa Cruz do Sul, RS, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul Hospital Sanatório Partenon Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Laboratório de Virologia Molecular. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Secretaria Estadual da Saúde do Rio Grande do Sul. Fundação Estadual de Produção e Pesquisa em Saúde. Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico. Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil / Universidade Luterana do Brasil. Canoas, RS, Brasil.Porto Alegre is the Brazilian state capital with second highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and the highest proportion of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among patients with TB. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases the risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which may result in discontinuation of the therapy

Hepatitis B Virus Genotype D Isolates Circulating in Chapeco, Southern Brazil, Originate from Italy.

Hepatitis B virus genotype A1 (HBV/A1), of African origin, is the most prevalent genotype in Brazil, while HBV/F predominates in the other South American countries. However, HBV/D is the most common in the three states of southern Brazil, where 'islands' of elevated prevalence, as Chapecó and other cities, have been described. In this study, 202 HBV chronic carriers attending in 2013 the viral hepatitis ambulatory of Chapecó, were investigated. In comparison with previous studies performed in the same ambulatory, a rapid aging of the HBV infected population was observed (mean age of the newly diagnosed patients increasing from 29.9 ± 10.3 years in 1996 to 44.4 ± 13.3 years in 2013), probably due to a singular vaccination schedule at Chapecó that included not only children but also adolescents. Phylogenetic and BLAST analyses (S region) classified 91 HBV isolates into genotypes A (n = 3) and D (n = 88). The majority of HBV/D isolates were closely related to D3 sequences. To understand the reasons for the absence or near absence of genotypes A and F, and how HBV/D was introduced in the south of Brazil, HBV/D infected patients were inquired about their genealogical and geographical origins. Forty-three (52%) patients have their four grandparents of Italian origin, vs. seven (8%) who have their four grandparents of Brazilian origin. At all, 65 out of 83 (78%) patients had at least one grandparent originating from Italy. Taking into consideration the fact that Italy is one of the few countries where subgenotype D3 is predominant, the results strongly suggested that HBV/D was introduced in Brazil through Italian immigration which culminated between 1870 and 1920

Prevalence of hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus in a group of patients newly diagnosed with active tuberculosis in Porto Alegre, Southern Brazil

BACKGROUND Porto Alegre is the Brazilian state capital with second highest incidence of tuberculosis (TB) and the highest proportion of people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among patients with TB. Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection increases the risk of anti-TB drug-induced hepatotoxicity, which may result in discontinuation of the therapy. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was (i) to estimate prevalence of HCV and HIV in a group of patients newly diagnosed with active TB in a public reference hospital in Porto Alegre and (ii) to compare demographic, behavioural, and clinical characteristics of patients in relation to their HCV infection status. METHODS One hundred and thirty-eight patients with TB were tested for anti-HCV antibody, HCV RNA, and anti-HIV1/2 antibody markers. HCV RNA from real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive samples was submitted to reverse transcription and PCR amplification. The 5′ non-coding region of the HCV genome was sequenced, and genotypes of HCV isolates were determined. FINDINGS Anti-HCV antibody, HCV RNA, and anti-HIV antibodies were detected in 27 [20%; 95% confidence interval (CI), 13-26%], 17 (12%; 95% CI, 7-18%), and 34 (25%; 95% CI, 17-32%) patients, respectively. HCV isolates belonged to genotypes 1 (n = 12) and 3 (n = 4). Some characteristics were significantly more frequent in patients infected with HCV. Among them, non-white individuals, alcoholics, users of illicit drugs, imprisoned individuals, and those with history of previous TB episode were more commonly infected with HCV (p < 0.05). MAIN CONCLUSIONS HCV screening, including detection of anti-HCV antibody and HCV RNA, will be important to improving the management of co-infected patients, given their increased risk of developing TB treatment-related hepatotoxicity