Demographic, Social Network Structure and Instagram Use Related Factors Predicting Parents' Sharenting Behaviors

There has been limited number of studies on sharenting which has occured as a new concept related to parenting due to parent’s extensive sharing of information about their children on social media. The aim of the present study was to examine mothers’ and fathers’ sharing of their children’s photos on Instagram as a sharenting behavior with its predictors. Thus, the relationship of the frequency of sharing children’s photos with the demographic (gender, age, education level and perceived financial status), social network structure-related (online: number of Instagram followers, ratio of followers liking and commenting on children’s photos; offline: perceived social support), and Instagram-use-related (frequency of visiting account, duration of having an account and frequency of general sharing) factors was analyzed. Six hundred seventy three parents using Instagram completed the demographic information form, the use of social media form, and the perceived offline social support scale. Five hundred thirty seven (300 mothers) parents reported to have shared at least one photo of their children on Instagram. Mothers and fathers did not differ in the frequency of sharing photos and the analysis of the contents of shared photos demonstrated that special events, trips and holidays with children, and times with family and friends were the most frequently reported contents. Regression analysis showed that the frequency of sharing children’s photos was predicted negatively by parents’ age; and positively by the frequency of general sharing, the ratio of followers liking children’ photos, and the perceived offline social support

Türkiye'de müzeciliğin gelişimi

Since the first ages, the motive of collecting flourishing in religios and other sacred traditions were  also the basis for art that has also been the core of collections. Collection was the main reason to establish the museums which led foundation of current museums. Upon opening collections to the public in the eighteenth century, brought about the need for systematic corporate approaches, in addition to the exhibitive and informative functions, and with the social, economic and political developments encountered in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the museums entered a fast-changing development process. Today, within this process, museums aim at social totality with a visitor and communication based approach. In our country, museums' target is primarily the protection of our rich historical and cultural heritage and the museums emerged as a "contemporary organization" as an indicator of westernization efforts in 19th century. This assumption about organizational process of museums also emphasizes two important factors, which effected the formation of museum applications in Turkey. One of these is: "protection" of historical and cultural heritage and the other concept is: "a contemporary institution as an indicator of westernization". The objective of this study is to emphasize influences of Westernization process in museum applications and formation while discussing development of museums in Turkey. Keywords: Museums in Turkey, ramification of collections, museum architecture. Batı’da, koleksiyonların, 18. yüzyılda topluma açılması; bir sistem çerçevesinde kurumsallaşmayı da gerektirmiş, bugün ziyaretçi ve iletişim temelli bir yaklaşımla toplumla bütünleşmeyi hedefleyen müzeler, 19 ve 20. yüzyıl boyunca hızla değişen bir gelişim süreci içerisinde olmuşlardır. Ülkemizde ise müzeler; öncelikle zengin tarihî ve kültürel mirasımızı korumayı hedefleyen, 19. yüzyılın Batılılaşma çabalarının göstergesi olan “çağdaş bir kurum” olarak ortaya çıkmışlardır. Müzenin kurumsallaşma sürecine ilişkin bu tespit, aynı zamanda Türkiye’de müzecilik uygulamalarının biçimlenmesini de etkileyen iki önemli kavramı, “koruma” ve “Batılılaşmanın göstergesi çağdaş bir kurum olma” kavramlarını da vurgulamaktadır. Sunulan bu çalışmanın amacı; Türkiye’de müzeciliğin gelişimini aktarırken, Batılılaşma sürecinin müzecilik uygulamaları ve bunları biçimlendirmedeki etkisini de vurgulamaktır.  Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye’de müzecilik, koleksiyonların çeşitlenmesi, müze mimarisi

The annotation scheme of the Turkish Discourse Bank and an evaluation of inconsistent annotations

In this paper, we report on the annotation procedures we developed for annotating the Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB), an effort that extends the Penn Discourse Tree Bank (PDTB) annotation style by using it for annotating Turkish discourse. After a brief introduction to the TDB, we describe the annotation cycle and the annotation scheme we developed, defining which parts of the scheme are an extension of the PDTB and which parts are different. We provide inter-coder reliability calculations on the first and second arguments of some connectives and discuss the most important sources of disagreement among annotators

The annotation scheme of the Turkish Discourse Bank and an evaluation of inconsistent annotations

In this paper, we report on the annotation procedures we developed for annotating the Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB), an effort that extends the Penn Discourse Tree Bank (PDTB) annotation style by using it for annotating Turkish discourse. After a brief introduction to the TDB, we describe the annotation cycle and the annotation scheme we developed, defining which parts of the scheme are an extension of the PDTB and which parts are different. We provide inter-coder reliability calculations on the first and second arguments of some connectives and discuss the most important sources of disagreement among annotators

Annotating Subordinators in the Turkish Discourse Bank

In this paper we explain how we annotated subordinators in the Turkish Discourse Bank (TDB), an effort that started in 2007 and is still continuing. We introduce the project and describe some of the issues that were important in annotating three subordinators, namely kars¸ın, ragmen ˘ and halde, all of which encode the coherence relation Contrast-Concession. We also describe the annotation tool

Türkçe konuşan çocuklarda anlatı yetilerinin gelişimi: karmaşık bir yaklaşım.

Narrative is a complex form of discourse. Creating it requires “a joint process of event comprehension and language production” (Trabasso & Rodkin, 1994, p.87), and understanding and explaining behaviors and emotions of others through perspective taking. In the present study, it is claimed that these requirements map into three levels of complexity: 1) Plot complexity reflecting the temporal and thematic organization of the narrative in a coherent manner, 2) Evaluative complexity indicating the narrator’s perspective toward the events, and 3) Syntactic complexity expressing the coherent causal, temporal and logical order of the reported events in a cohesive way. The aim of the present study was to examine the developments at each level and their interrelationships. Moreover, the relationship between each level of complexity, and theory of mind (ToM), executive function and the comprehension of complex syntactic structures to each level was analyzed. One hundred and five Turkish-speaking children distributed across 4 age groups (4, 5,7 and 8, and 10 and 11 years) and 15 adults participated in 1. Elicitation of narratives task , 2. Emotional Stroop Task, 3. First- (for 4-year-old children) and second-order (for older children and adults) ToM tasks, 4. Real-apparent emotion task (for 4-year-old children), and 5. Comprehension of complement clauses task. Children’s performance on tasks assessing ToM, executive function and comprehension of complex syntax was found to increase with age. Regarding plot complexity, an increase with age was also observed. The fifth and seventh years of life were found to be transitional periods for the generation of coherent narratives. Moroever, the ability to comprehend complex syntax predicted plot complexity suggesting the influence of general linguistic competence on narrative skills. Children in all age groups were found to employ evaluative devices to some extent. However, the frequency of particular evaluative devices changed with age and even adults were found to use them to a low extent. Executive function was found to predict the extent of the use of syntactically complex clauses. A more detailed analysis of these clauses demonstrated that with age children can incorporate syntactically more complex structures expressing cognitively more complex relations into their narratives. The only significant relation between the three levels of complexity was shown between evaluative and syntactic complexity which had clear indicators in narratives. These findings were discussed considering the cognitive, linguistic and sociocultural nature of narration, and the effect of context on narrative performance.Ph.D. - Doctoral Progra

The use of online social network sites during the COVID-19 pandemic as a protective or risk factor for well-being of university students

During the COVID-19 period, the use of social network sites (SNSs) has been reported to increase. The present study aimed to explore whether, on balance, their use serves the well-being of university students positively as a source of social capital and entertainment, or negatively as a source of information about the COVID-19 pandemic. It focused on a sample of 339 university students, a group which is known to have a high risk of well-being problems. Students completed the demographic information form, the use of SNSs form, and the World Health Organization Well-Being Index. The use of SNSs form included items on SNS use in terms of daily duration, usage patterns (active and passive use) and reasons with regard to social capital (bridging and bonding social capital) and entertainment, and the perceived change in these quantitative and qualitative aspects of SNS use compared to the pre-COVID period. It also measured the level of exposure to COVID-19 related information on SNSs. It was found that the increase in the duration of SNS use predicted the well-being score negatively whereas the increase in active use and use for bonding social capital related reasons predicted it positively. These findings suggest that the quantity and the quality of SNS use are differently related to the well-being of university students. The active use of SNSs, particularly for the purpose of connecting with the close networks might constitute protective factors for student well-being in the case of health emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic

Cognitive functions among healthy older adults using online social networking

PubMed ID: 34310244Online social network sites provide possibilities to enhance social relationships and engage in cognitive activities for older adults. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of one social network site, Facebook, and cognitive functions in older adults considering different dimensions of Facebook use together with different cognitive functions. Seventy healthy older adults completed the use of Facebook form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, and Social Network Index. Their cognitive functions were measured with Digit Span Tasks, Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test, Letter and Category Fluency Tests, Stroop Test, Digit Symbol Substitution Test, and Trail Making Test (TMT-A and TMT-B). After controlling for age, gender, education level, we found that Facebook users performed better on TMT-A compared to non-users. Among Facebook users, the length of having an account, the network size, the daily duration of use, and the frequency of active and passive use correlated with cognitive performance after controlling offline sociality. These findings, which need confirmation by experimental and longitudinal studies, suggested that being connected to a larger network via more prolonged and active use of social media might be associated with higher cognitive functioning.Publisher's Versio

The use of Facebook by Turkish mothers: its reasons and outcomes

Objectives: Parents use social network sites for reasons related to bridging and bonding social capital, and entertainment. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the use of Facebook by Turkish mothers and its reasons are related to mothers’ demographic characteristics, anxiety level and perceived social support. It also examined whether mothers’ Facebook use contributes to their perception of their parental role. Methods: Three hundred thirty-two middle-class Turkish mothers who reported to use Facebook completed the demographic information questionnaire, the use of social media questionnaire, the anxiety inventory, the perceived social support scale and the self-perception of parental role questionnaire. Results: Results indicated that Turkish mothers use Facebook more for reasons related to bridging social capital than reasons related to bonding social capital and entertainment. The frequency of using Facebook and the length of time having an account predicted the use of Facebook for reasons related to bridging and bonding social capital. Anxiety level predicted the use of Facebook for reasons related to entertainment. Mothers’ Facebook use was found not to be related to their self-perceived parental competence. Conclusions: The discussion of these findings in terms of Turkish culture implied the need for cross-cultural studies for a better understanding of parents’ use of social network sites.Publisher's Versio

The development of narrative skills in Turkish-speaking children: A complexity approach

The present study examines the development of plot, evaluative and syntactic complexity in children's narratives and its relationship with gender, ToM, executive function and linguistic recursive ability. One hundred and five Turkish-speaking children distributed across 4 age groups (four-, five-, seven-eight-, and ten-eleven-year-olds) and 15 adults participated in (a) Elicitation of Narratives Task, (b) Emotional Stroop Task, (c) First- or Second-Order ToM Task (depending on their age), (d) Real-Apparent Emotion Task (four-year-olds), and (e) Comprehension of Complement Clauses Task. Among the three domains of complexity, only plot complexity was found to be related to gender and to develop significantly, in particular at 5 and 7 years of age. Evaluative complexity was low in children in all age groups and was not predicted by any factor. Syntactic complexity was predicted by executive function. These findings are discussed considering the cognitive, linguistic and sociocultural nature of narration.Publisher's Versio