Mathematical Justification Studies in Mathematics Education: An Evaluation of Studies between 2007 and 2016

In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the mathematical justification studies in mathematics education between 2007 and 2016. In the study, 31 theses and articles about mathematical justification in mathematics education were analyzed by means of determined databases. In the literature review, the studies were classified according to the method, the study group, the mathematics subject, and the time frame of ten years. As a result of study, mathematical justification studies in mathematics education were carried out mostly in 2009, 2010 and 2016. As a study group, examined studies are composed mostly of students. As a method, qualitative method was used mostly. The tasks related to justification at three different levels of education were included. According to primary, middle and high school levels, the most common areas of learning for which mathematical justification tasks take place are numbers and operations, algebra and numbers and algebra, respectively

Hexadecane mechanisms: Comparison of hand-generated and automatically generated with pathways

In this paper, the automatically generated mechanism for hexadecane with both high and low temperature chemistry included is compared to a systematically generated mechanism by hand. In contrast to other systems for automatic generation, the REACTION system uses pathways to organize the application of reaction classes. A pathway is a sequence of reaction classes where only those species produced by the previous step of the pathway are used in the current step of the pathway. This "controlled" generation process not only mimics what is done by hand, but also helps to limit the size of the generated mechanisms. Both systematic reaction by reaction comparisons and numerical simulation (zero-dimensional constant volume) comparisons were done and the mechanisms were found to have minor differences. Both mechanisms used the same set of reaction classes to model the high and low temperature combustion chemistry of all n-alkanes up to hexadecane. In addition, a sensitivity analysis of all the reaction classes was performed. The generated mechanism has 2176 species and 7269 (reversible) reactions. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Mortality and morbidity in children as traffic accident victims

Amaç: Trafik kazaları önemli bir ölüm ve sakatlık nedeni olmaya devam etmektedirler. Çalışmada, trafik kazası sonucu hastaneye başvuran çocuklarda morbidite ve mortalite nedenleri araştırılarak bu nedenlere yönelik farkındalığın artırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Acil servise 1 Kasım 2012-31 Ekim 2013 tarihleri arasında trafik kazası nedeniyle getirilen ve kazanın üzerinden en az 1 yıl geçen 0-18 yaş arası çocuklar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Yaş, cinsiyet, kazanın oluş şekli, mevsimsel dağılım, yaralanma bölgeleri, hastanede yatış gereksinimi, yatış süreleri, kalıcı sakatlıklar, ölümler ve nedenleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Acil servise trafik kazası nedeniyle 263 pediatrik olgu getirildi. Olguların %60.1’i erkekti, yaş ortalaması 11.2 yıldı. Okul çağı yaş grubunun oranı %78.3’tü. Araç içi trafik kazaları (AİTK) %54 ile en büyük grubu, üstü açık araç yaralanmaları ise %16.7 ile en küçük grubu oluşturdu. Kazalar en fazla yaz mevsiminde görüldü (%45.6). Hastaların %47.1’inde yatış gerektiren bulgu yoktu, %39.9 tek bölge travması, %12.9 çoklu travma saptandı. Hastalar ortalama 6.9 gün hastanede yattılar, %3.8’i hayatını kaybetti, %1.9’unda kalıcı sakatlık saptandı. Araç dışı trafik kazalarında (ADTK) mortalite ve morbidite daha yüksekti. En fazla mortalite ve morbidite, santral sinir sistemi yaralanmalarında görüldü. Sonuç: Erkek çocuklar daha fazla trafik kazasına maruz kalmaktadırlar. ADTK’larında mortalite ve morbidite daha yüksektir ve önlenebilmesi için çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.Background: Traffic accidents are still important causes of disabilities and death. In this study, we aimed to examine the causes of morbidity and mortality in children that are victims of a traffic accident and increase the awareness to such causes. Methods: Children aged 0-18 years that were brought to the emergency room because of a traffic accident between October 2012 and November 2013 were included in the study to make sure that at least one year has passed after the accident. Age, gender, type of the accident, season, injury sites, hospitalization requirement, hospitalization time, disabilities, death and causes of death were noted. Results: Two hundred and sixty three children were brought to the emergency room as victims of a traffic accident. Of these, 60.1% were boys and the mean age was 11.2 years. School age group consisted 78.3% of the cases. While vehicle crashes made the largest group (54%), open vehicles made the smallest (16.7%). Most of the accidents occurred in summer (45.6). There was no serious injury needing hospitalization in 47,1% of the patients, 39.9% suffered single site and 12.9% multiple site injuries. Mean hospitalization time was 6.9 days, 3.8% of the patients died and 1.9% suffered permanent disabilities. Mortality and morbidity were higher in pedestrian injuries. Most of the mortality and morbidity resulted from central nervous system injuries. Conclusion: Boys are more prone to traffic accidents. Pedestrian accidents have higher mortality and morbidity, and more work needs to be done to prevent them

Mortality and morbidity in children as traffic accident victims

Amaç: Trafik kazaları önemli bir ölüm ve sakatlık nedeni olmaya devam etmektedirler. Çalışmada, trafik kazası sonucu hastaneye başvuran çocuklarda morbidite ve mortalite nedenleri araştırılarak bu nedenlere yönelik farkındalığın artırılması amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntem: Acil servise 1 Kasım 2012-31 Ekim 2013 tarihleri arasında trafik kazası nedeniyle getirilen ve kazanın üzerinden en az 1 yıl geçen 0-18 yaş arası çocuklar retrospektif olarak incelendi. Yaş, cinsiyet, kazanın oluş şekli, mevsimsel dağılım, yaralanma bölgeleri, hastanede yatış gereksinimi, yatış süreleri, kalıcı sakatlıklar, ölümler ve nedenleri kaydedildi. Bulgular: Acil servise trafik kazası nedeniyle 263 pediatrik olgu getirildi. Olguların %60.1’i erkekti, yaş ortalaması 11.2 yıldı. Okul çağı yaş grubunun oranı %78.3’tü. Araç içi trafik kazaları (AİTK) %54 ile en büyük grubu, üstü açık araç yaralanmaları ise %16.7 ile en küçük grubu oluşturdu. Kazalar en fazla yaz mevsiminde görüldü (%45.6). Hastaların %47.1’inde yatış gerektiren bulgu yoktu, %39.9 tek bölge travması, %12.9 çoklu travma saptandı. Hastalar ortalama 6.9 gün hastanede yattılar, %3.8’i hayatını kaybetti, %1.9’unda kalıcı sakatlık saptandı. Araç dışı trafik kazalarında (ADTK) mortalite ve morbidite daha yüksekti. En fazla mortalite ve morbidite, santral sinir sistemi yaralanmalarında görüldü. Sonuç: Erkek çocuklar daha fazla trafik kazasına maruz kalmaktadırlar. ADTK’larında mortalite ve morbidite daha yüksektir ve önlenebilmesi için çalışmalar yapılmalıdır.Background: Traffic accidents are still important causes of disabilities and death. In this study, we aimed to examine the causes of morbidity and mortality in children that are victims of a traffic accident and increase the awareness to such causes. Methods: Children aged 0-18 years that were brought to the emergency room because of a traffic accident between October 2012 and November 2013 were included in the study to make sure that at least one year has passed after the accident. Age, gender, type of the accident, season, injury sites, hospitalization requirement, hospitalization time, disabilities, death and causes of death were noted. Results: Two hundred and sixty three children were brought to the emergency room as victims of a traffic accident. Of these, 60.1% were boys and the mean age was 11.2 years. School age group consisted 78.3% of the cases. While vehicle crashes made the largest group (54%), open vehicles made the smallest (16.7%). Most of the accidents occurred in summer (45.6). There was no serious injury needing hospitalization in 47,1% of the patients, 39.9% suffered single site and 12.9% multiple site injuries. Mean hospitalization time was 6.9 days, 3.8% of the patients died and 1.9% suffered permanent disabilities. Mortality and morbidity were higher in pedestrian injuries. Most of the mortality and morbidity resulted from central nervous system injuries. Conclusion: Boys are more prone to traffic accidents. Pedestrian accidents have higher mortality and morbidity, and more work needs to be done to prevent them

Predicting the Likelihood of Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastases in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients With a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node: Turkish Federation of Breast Disease Associations Protocol MF09-01

Our aim was to determine the frequency of nonsentinel lymph node involvement of patients with operable triple negative breast cancer and with a positive sentinel lymph node, and to predict the likelihood of nonsentinel lymph node metastases in this cohort of patients by using 4 different nomograms. The accuracy of nomograms in patients for triple negative is yet to be determined

Predicting the Likelihood of Nonsentinel Lymph Node Metastases in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients With a Positive Sentinel Lymph Node: Turkish Federation of Breast Disease Associations Protocol MF09-01

Our aim was to determine the frequency of nonsentinel lymph node involvement of patients with operable triple negative breast cancer and with a positive sentinel lymph node, and to predict the likelihood of nonsentinel lymph node metastases in this cohort of patients by using 4 different nomograms. The accuracy of nomograms in patients for triple negative is yet to be determined