Assessment of the Prevalence of Pulp Stones in a Sample of Turkish Central Anatolian Population

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pulp stones (PS) in a Turkish dental patient population with respect to sexes and dental localization in relation between sex and this anomaly. Materials Methods. A retrospective study was performed using bitewing radiographs of 814 patients ranging in age from 15 to 65. All data (age, sex, and location) was obtained from the files. These patients were analyzed for pulp stones. Descriptive characteristics of sexes, jaws, and dental localization were recorded. The Pearson chi-squared test was used. Results. Of the patients, 462 (56.8%) were female and 352 (43.2%) were male. Sixty (12%) had one or more teeth that contained pulp stones. Pulp stones were identified in 518 (63.6%) of the subjects and in 2391 (27.8%) of the teeth examined. Pulp stone occurrence was significantly more common in the females than in males. With the increasing of age, the prevalence of pulp stones increased. Molars had statistically more pulp stones than premolars. Pulp stones were significantly more common in the maxilla compared with mandible. Conclusion. Prevalence of pulp stones in Turkish population was 27.8% but further larger-scale studies are required to assess its prevalence in the general population to compare it with other ethnic groups

The hepatoprotective effects of Hypericum perforatum L. on hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats

Little is known about the effective role of Hypericum perforatum on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats. Hence, albino rats were subjected to 45 min of hepatic ischemia followed by 60 min of reperfusion period. Hypericum perforatum extract (HPE) at the dose of 50 mg/kg body weight (HPE50) was intraperitonally injected as a single dose, 15 min prior to ischemia. Rats were sacrificed at the end of reperfusion period and then, biochemical investigations were made in serum and liver tissue. Liver tissue homogenates were used for the measurement of malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels. At the same time alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in serum samples and compared statistically. While the ALT, AST, LDH activities and MDA levels were significantly increased, CAT and GPx activities significantly decreased in only I/R-induced control rats compared to normal control rats (p < 0.05). Treatment with HPE50 significantly decreased the ALT, AST, LDH activities and MDA levels, and markedly increased activities of CAT and GPx in tissue homogenates compared to I/R-induced rats without treatment-control group (p < 0.05). In oxidative stress generated by hepatic ischemia-reperfusion, H. perforatum L. as an antioxidant agent contributes an alteration in the delicate balance between the scavenging capacity of antioxidant defence systems and free radicals in favour of the antioxidant defence systems in the body

Evaluation of the diagnostic value of platelet indices in pediatric acute appendicitis

Objective: Abdominal examination findings in pediatric acute appendicitis (AA) significantly vary by age. Therefore, grading systems have been developed for diagnosing pediatric appendicitis, and laboratory and radiological findings have an important role in this diagnosis. However, there is a need to develop new parameters for diagnosing AA. This study aimed to investigate the diagnostic value of platelet indices in AA. Methods: This retrospective, observational study included 207 pediatric patients who were admitted to the Emergency Department and operated on for AA. The patients were divided into three groups on the basis of their surgical and histopathological findings (non-AA, uncomplicated AA, and complicated AA). Results: There was no significant difference in the mean platelet volume/platelet count (MPV/PC) ratio among the groups. The white blood cell (WBC) count and the MPV/PC ratio showed a significant negative relationship (r = −0.239). The specificity for MPV was 61.8% and the sensitivity was 68.8%. Receiver operating curve analysis of WBC and MPV showed significance for diagnosing AA. Conclusion: There is a negative, but weak, relationship between the WBC count and the MPV/PC ratio. However, the MPV/PC ratio could be a useful parameter for diagnosing pediatric AA according to receiver operating curve analysis. © The Author(s) 2020

Sınıf II kavitelerdeki üç farklı adeziv sistemin mikrosızıntılarının sem ile in vitro olarak incelenmesi

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate microleakage of three different self etching adhesive systems in class II cavities comparatively. Material and Method: In this study 45 caries free human maxillary premolar teeth were used. Standard class II cavities were prepared on mesial surfaces of all. Teeth were randomly assigned to 3 groups of each 15. Group 1: Prime&amp;Bond NT (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) + Quixfill (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), Group 2: Xeno V (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) + Quixfill, Group 3: G Bond (20) + gradia direct (GC-Fuji Japan). All restorations were applied incrementally according to manufacturers’ recommendations and were polymerized with LED (Elipar Freelight II, 3M-ESPE, Germany). All samples were immersed in distile water for 24hr at 37°C and then were thermocycled at 5° and 55°C for 10000 cycles of 30 seconds each, stained (24 hr) in 0.5% methylene blue, and sectioned mesio-distally following stain development. Microleakage of occlusal and gingival walls were scored from 0 to 4 under stereomicroscope. Results: In terms of occlusal assessment; statistically there was significance in intergroups (p&lt;0.05). Less microleakage scores were determined in Group 1(Prime&amp;Bond NT). In comparison of Group 2 (Xeno V) and Group 3 (G Bond) there was no significance among occlusal and gingival scores. And statistically no significance was found in gingival scores(p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: In comparison of applied adhesives; in decreasing gingival and occlusal microleakage, total etch adhesive system (Prime&amp;Bond NT) was found more succesful than the other two self etching adhesive systems (Xeno V, G Bond).   ÖZET Amaç: Bu çalı            manın amacı üç farklı adeziv sistemin (Prime&amp;Bond NT, Xeno V, G Bond) Sınıf II kavitelerdeki mikro sızıntılarının karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemektir. Gereç ve yöntem: Bu çalışmada çürüksüz 45 adet insan üst çene küçük azı dişi kullanıldı. Dişlerin mezial yüzeylerinde birer adet standart Sınıf II kavite açıldı. Sonra dişler her grupta 15 diş olacak şekilde rastgele 3 gruba ayrıldı. Grup 1: Prime&amp;Bond NT (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) ve Quixfill (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany), Grup 2: Xeno V (Dentsply DeTrey, Konstanz, Germany) ve Quixfill ile restore edildi, Grup 3: G Bond ve Gradia Direct (GC-Fuji, Tokyo, Japan) uygulandı. Tüm restorasyonlar üretici firmaların önerileri doğrultusunda tabakalama yöntemi ile yerleştirildi ve LED (Elipar Freelight II,3M-ESPE, Germany) ışık kaynağı kullanılarak polimerize edildi. Örnekler etüvde 370C de 24 saat distile su içerisinde bekletildi. 30 saniye kalacak şekilde 5 ve 55°C termal siklus işlemi 10000 kez uygulandı. Bütün dişler 24 saat % 0.5’lik metilen mavisi içerisinde bekletildi. Dişler mesio-distal yönde kesildi, stereo mikroskop altında oklüzal ve gingival duvarlar 0 ile 4 arasındaki skorlar ile değerlendirildi. Elde edilen veriler Kruskal Wallis ve Mann Whitney testleri ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Oklüzal mikro sızıntının değerlendirilmesinde gruplar arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık bulundu (P&lt;0.05). Grup 1 (Prime&amp;Bond NT) de daha düşük mikro sızıntı skorları tespit edildi. Grup 2 (Xeno V) ve Grup 3 (G Bond) birbirleriyle kıyaslandığında oklüzal ve gingival değerler arasında farklılık bulunmadı (p&gt;0.05). Gingival de ise üç grup arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık bulunmadı (p&gt;0.05). Sonuç: Uygulanan adezivlerin karşılaştırılmasında; oklüzal ve gingival de total etch (Prime&amp;Bond NT) adeziv sistem mikro sızıntıyı azaltmada diğer iki self etching (Xeno V, G Bond) adeziv sistemden daha başarılı bulunmuştur

Gallstone disease does not predict liver histology in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Background/Aims: We sought to examine whether the presence of gallstone disease (GD) in patients with biopsy-proven nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with liver fibrosis and histological nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) score. Methods: We included 441 Turkish patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD. GD was diagnosed in the presence of sonographic evidence of gallstones, echogenic material within the gallbladder with constant shadowing and little or no visualization of the gallbladder or absence of gallbladder at ultrasonography, coupled with a history of cholecystectomy. Results: Fifty-four patients (12.2%) had GD (GD+ subjects). Compared with the GD- subjects, GD+ patients were older, had a higher body mass index and were more likely to be female and have metabolic syndrome. However, GD+ patients did not have a higher risk of advanced fibrosis or definite NASH on histology. After adjustment for potential confounding variables, the prevalence of GD in NAFLD patients was not associated with significant fibrosis (>= 2) (odds ratio [OR], 1.06; 95% confidence interval [Cl], 0.53 to 2.21; p=0.68) or definite NASH (OR, 1.03; 95% Cl, 0.495 to 2.12; p=0.84). Conclusions: The presence of GD is not independently associated with advanced fibrosis and definite NASH in adult Turkish patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD

Cochlear implantation in inner ear malformations: Considerations related to surgical complications and communication skills

Introduction: There are particular challenges in the implantation of malformed cochleae, such as in cases of facial nerve anomalies, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, erroneous electrode insertion, or facial stimulation, and the outcomes may differ depending on the severity of the malformation. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of inner ear malformations (IEMs) on surgical complications and outcomes of cochlear implantation. Methods: In order to assess the impact of IEMs on cochlear implant (CI) outcomes, 2 groups of patients with similar epidemiological parameters were selected from among 863 patients. Both the study group (patients with an IEM) and control group (patients with a normal inner ear) included 25 patients who received a CI and completed at least 1 year of follow-up. Auditory performance, receptive and expressive language skills, and production and use of speech were evaluated preoperatively and at least 1 year after implantation. Types of surgical complications and rates of revision surgeries were determined in each group. Results: In the study group, the most common malformation was an isolated enlarged vestibular aqueduct (EVA) (44.8%). Overall, the patients with IEMs showed significant improvement in auditory-verbal skills. In general, the patients who had normal cochleae scored significantly better compared to patients with IEMs (p < 0.05). The complication rate was significantly lower in the control group compared to the study group (p = 0.001), but the rate of revision surgeries did not differ significantly (p = 0.637). Conclusion: It is possible to improve communication skills with CIs in patients with IEMs despite the variations in postoperative performances. Patients with EVA, incomplete partition type 2, and cochlear hypoplasia type 2 were the best performers in terms of auditory-verbal skills. Patients with IEMs scored poorly compared to patients with normal cochleae. CSF leak (gusher or oozing) was the most common complication during surgery, which is highly likely in cases of incomplete partition type 3

Carotid endarterectomy compared with carotid artery stenting for extracranial carotid artery stenosis: a retrospective single-centre study

Aim: One of the main risk factors for an ischemic stroke is significant carotid artery stenosis, and extracranial severe carotid artery stenosis accounts for 20% of ischemic strokes. Prior to the development of carotid artery stenting (CAS), the only effective and reliable treatment for carotid artery stenosis was carotid endarterectomy (CEA). This study compares the results of CAS and CEA in patients with significant carotid artery stenosis. Methods: Between 2018 and 2022, hospital records of all patients who underwent carotid artery revascularization at the institution were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into two groups depending on whether CEA or CAS was performed for carotid revascularization. Propensity score matching was performed to reduce bias by equating the baseline clinical characteristics of the groups. To compare 30-day, 1-year, and long-term outcomes, rates of transient ischemic attack (TIA), myocardial infarction, stroke, all-cause mortality, and composite endpoints were analyzed. Results: After PSM, 76 patients each in the CEA and CAS groups were compared. The mean age was 69.80 years ± 11.35 years and 121 (80%) were male. The patients were followed up for a mean of 33 months ± 6 months. The incidence of TIA in the perioperative period [9 (12%) vs. 4 (5%); P < 0.05], TIA and composite endpoint at 1-year period [11 (15%) vs. 2 (3%); P < 0.05 and 27 (36%) vs. 16 (21%); P < 0.05, respectively] were significantly higher in the CAS group than in the CEA group. No difference was observed between the groups in the long-term. Conclusions: There was no noticeable difference between the CEA and CAS groups in the examination of cases with severe carotid artery stenosis in terms of 1-month, and 1-year results (apart from TIA and composite endpoints), or long-term outcomes. Extracranial carotid artery stenosis can be treated safely and effectively also by CAS

Evaulation reasons for placement and replacement of restorations in patients attending to university and oral and dental helath centers

YÖK Tez ID: 331459Pratik temelli bu çalışmada; direkt restorasyonların yapılma ve yenilenme nedenlerinin, tercih edilen restoratif materyallerin ve kavite tiplerinin belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Ağız diş sağlığı merkezlerinde çalışmakta olan bir grup diş hekiminden, 4 haftalık süre içerisinde yaptıkları ilk 100 restorasyonu kaydetmeleri istendi. Ayrıca, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Diş Hekimliği fakültesinde Restoratif Diş Hekimliği Anabilim Dalında yerleştirilen belirli sayıda restorasyon da kaydedildi. Restorasyon yapılma ve yenilenme nedenleri, hastanın yaşı/cinsiyeti ve restore edilen diş numarası gibi parametrelerin toplanmasında özel olarak dizayn edilmiş bir form kullanıldı. Yaşları 15-80 arasında değişen hastalardan, 5000 (%55) tanesi KÜDHF ve 4096?sı (%45) ağız diş sağlığı merkezlerinden olmak üzere toplamda 9096 restorasyonun verisi toplandı. 9096 restorasyonun 7183?si (%78.2) ilk yerleştirmeler, 1983 (%21.8)?ü restorasyon yenilemeleri idi. Diğer kavite tiplerine kıyasla en çok sınıf II kavitelere restorasyon yerleştirildiği tespit edildi (p=0.000). Rezin kompozitler en sık tercih edilen (%76,4) restoratif materyaller olarak belirlendi ve bunu amalgamın (%20,5) takip ettiği görüldü. Amalgamların çoğunlukla sınıf II kompozitlerin ise sınıf I kavitelerde tercih edildiği izlendi. Erkek hastalara kıyasla bayanlara daha düşük oranda amalgam yerleştirildiği bulundu (p=0.000). Genel anlamda, restorasyonların çoğunlukla sekonder çürükler nedeniyle yenilendiği ve bu oranın yenilenen amalgamlarda %40,6, kompozitlerde ise %58 olduğu belirlendi. Sıklıkla restore edilen dişlerin sıralanması ise; alt birinci molarlar (%14,9) üst birinci molarlar (%12,9) ve alt ikinci molarlar (%12,8) şeklinde bulundu. Genç diş hekimlerinin, daha tecrübelilere kıyasla restorasyon yenilenmelerinde daha fazla oranda sekonder çürük teşhis ettikleri tespit edildi (p=0.000). Hasta yaşı ve cinsiyeti ile restorasyon yenilemeleri arasında belirgin ilişki tespit edildi (p=0.000). Erkek hekimlere kıyasla, bayan hekimlerin restorasyon yenilenmelerinde sekonder çürüklere daha fazla oranda atıfta bulundukları tespit edildi (p=0.000). Başta birincil çürükler olmak üzere, ilk restorasyonlarda genç hekimlerin amalgamı daha fazla tercih ettikleri bulundu (p<0.001).In this practice based study, we aimed to investigate the reasons and replacement of direct restorations, the materials preferred and the types of cavities. A group of dentist in the Public Dental Health Service was asked to record information regarding 100 consecutive direct restorations placed by themselves in a 4-week period. Moreover, certain number of restorations placed in Restorative Dentistry Department at the University of Kırıkkale was also collected. Specially designed proformas were used to provide the information including the name, age, gender of the patient, and the teeth needing placement and replacement for restorations. Information was collected on 9096 restorations from patients aged 15-80, 5000 (55%) of which were collected from KUDHF and 4096 (45%) from PDHS. Of the 9096 restorations, 7183 (78.2%) were initial placements and 1983 (21.8%) were replacements. The major reason for first time placement of restorations was primary caries (91%) followed by noncarious tooth defects (6%). Class II cavities are more common than those of the other cavity types. The most frequently used material was resin composite (76.4%) followed by amalgam (20.5%). With respect to restorative materials preferred, amalgam was commonly seen in Class II cavities, while composite was for class I counterparts. Female patient?s received fewer amalgam restorations than male patients (p=0.000). Overall, secondary caries occurrence was the most common reason for replacement of restorations, accounting for 40.6 and 58 % the replaced amalgam and composite restorations, respectively. Commonly restored teeth types were lower first molar (14.9 %) and lower second molar (12.8 %), respectively). With respect to diagnose secondary caries occurrence, young dentists were more applicant that those of the experienced ones. With respect to reasons for restoration replacement, significant association was found between patient gender and age (p=0.000). Secondary caries was quoted as a reason for replacement of restorations relatively more often by female than male clinicians (p=0.000). Young dentists used amalgam restorations more frequently than those of the old ones, especially for restoring of primary caries