Exploring the Impact of Second-Child Mothers; Dislike on the Eldest Child:Understand its Influence and the Path to Building Intimate Relationships

This study aims to explore the influence of the mother s dislike on the eldest child in the second-child family and to understand its influence and the way to establish intimate relationship By interviewing and analyzing the mothers and eldest children of five groups of second-child families the study found that the mother s dislike had a significant impact on the behavior and psychological state of the eldest children The results show that the mother s dislike will lead the eldest children to feel neglected and ignored thus affecting their study mood behavior and career choice In addition this study proposes to promote the establishment of intimate relationship between mother and eldest child through positive parent-child interaction emotional expression and support This study is of great significance to understand the influence of mother s dislike on the eldest child in the second child family and to establish a healthy parent-child relationshi

Distorted optimal transport

Classic optimal transport theory is built on minimizing the expected cost between two given distributions. We propose the framework of distorted optimal transport by minimizing a distorted expected cost. This new formulation is motivated by concrete problems in decision theory, robust optimization, and risk management, and it has many distinct features compared to the classic theory. We choose simple cost functions and study different distortion functions and their implications on the optimal transport plan. We show that on the real line, the comonotonic coupling is optimal for the distorted optimal transport problem when the distortion function is convex and the cost function is submodular and monotone. Some forms of duality and uniqueness results are provided. For inverse-S-shaped distortion functions and linear cost, we obtain the unique form of optimal coupling for all marginal distributions, which turns out to have an interesting ``first comonotonic, then counter-monotonic" dependence structure; for S-shaped distortion functions a similar structure is obtained. Our results highlight several challenges and features in distorted optimal transport, offering a new mathematical bridge between the fields of probability, decision theory, and risk management

The within-field and between-field dispersal of weedy rice by combine harvesters

International audienceAbstractWeedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) severely decreases the grain yield and profitability of rice is one of the most significant problems in the majority of rice fields worldwide. Few reports focus on the dispersal of weedy rice, especially how it rapidly spreads to large areas and long distances. Here, we quantify for the first time the within- and between-field dispersal of weedy rice associated with combine harvesting operations. We randomly sampled 31 combine harvesters to determine where and how much weedy rice seeds remained on the machines at three locations in Jiangsu Province, China. Based on the sampling results, the field area over which weedy rice seeds were retained on the combine harvester during harvesting was estimated to assess the within-field dispersibility of weedy rice seeds remaining in the harvesters. A tracking experiment was also carried out by tracing the distribution of weedy rice seeds along harvest trails, to estimate the dispersal of weedy rice seeds within the field being harvested. Weedy rice seeds remained in the harvest pocket, on the pedrail, and the metal plate of the combine harvester. On average, more than 5000 weedy rice seeds which were 22.80% of remaining grains could potentially be transported into adjacent fields by the combine after each rice field infested with weedy rice had been harvested. Of the statistical models compared, a double exponential model simulating the variation in seed retention predicted that weedy rice seeds remaining on the metal plate could be dispersed over 6473.91 m2 or 3236.96 m into the next field during the harvesting operation. Within the field, the number of fallen weedy rice seeds and their dispersal distance were positively correlated to weedy rice panicle density with the combine dispersing most of seeds away from their mother plant thus creating new weed patches. Therefore, fields that were severely infested with weedy rice should be harvested cautiously and separately and seed remaining in a harvester should be avoided to prevent intra- and inter-field, and even cross-regional dispersal of weedy rice

Polyarylether-based 2D covalent-organic frameworks with in-plane D–A structures and tunable energy levels for energy storage

The robust fully conjugated covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are emerging as a novel type of semi-conductive COFs for optoelectronic and energy devices due to their controllable architectures and easily tunable the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest occupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels. However, the carrier mobility of such materials is still beyond requirements due to limited π-conjugation. In this study, a series of new polyarylether-based COFs are rationally synthesized via a direct reaction between hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (electron acceptor) and octahydroxyphthalocyanine (electron donor). These COFs have typical crystalline layered structures, narrow band gaps as low as ≈0.65 eV and ultra-low resistance (1.31 × 10−6 S cm−1). Such COFs can be composed of two different metal-sites and contribute improved carrier mobility via layer-altered staking mode according to density functional theory calculation. Due to the narrow pore size of 1.4 nm and promising conductivity, such COFs and electrochemically exfoliated graphene based free-standing films are fabricated for in-plane micro-supercapacitors, which demonstrate excellent volumetric capacitances (28.1 F cm−3) and excellent stability of 10 000 charge–discharge cycling in acidic electrolyte. This study provides a new approach toward dioxin-linked COFs with donor-acceptor structure and easily tunable energy levels for versatile energy storage and optoelectronic device

Existing climate change will lead to pronounced shifts in the diversity of soil prokaryotes

© The Author(s), 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in mSystems 3 (2018): e00167-18, doi:10.1128/mSystems.00167-18.Soil bacteria are key to ecosystem function and maintenance of soil fertility. Leveraging associations of current geographic distributions of bacteria with historic climate, we predict that soil bacterial diversity will increase across the majority (∼75%) of the Tibetan Plateau and northern North America if bacterial communities equilibrate with existing climatic conditions. This prediction is possible because the current distributions of soil bacteria have stronger correlations with climate from ∼50 years ago than with current climate. This lag is likely associated with the time it takes for soil properties to adjust to changes in climate. The predicted changes are location specific and differ across bacterial taxa, including some bacteria that are predicted to have reductions in their distributions. These findings illuminate the widespread potential of climate change to influence belowground diversity and the importance of considering bacterial communities when assessing climate impacts on terrestrial ecosystems.This work was supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program (XDB15010101, XDA05050404) of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (2014CB954002, 2014CB954004), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41701298, 41371254), the “135” Plan and Frontiers Projects of Institute of Soil Science (ISSASIP1641), and the National Science and Technology Foundation project (2015FY110100). J.A.G. was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy under contract DE-AC02-06CH11357. N.F. was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (DEB-0953331). K.S.P. and J.L. were supported by the National Science Foundation (DMS-1069303), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (grant no. 3300), the Gladstone Institutes, and a gift from the San Simeon Fund

The links between ecosystem multifunctionality and above- and belowground biodiversity are mediated by climate

Plant biodiversity is often correlated with ecosystem functioning in terrestrial ecosystems. However, we know little about the relative and combined effects of above-and belowground biodiversity on multiple ecosystem functions (for example, ecosystem multifunctionality, EMF) or how climate might mediate those relationships. Here we tease apart the effects of biotic and abiotic factors, both above- and belowground, on EMF on the Tibetan Plateau, China. We found that a suite of biotic and abiotic variables account for up to 86% of the variation in EMF, with the combined effects of above-and belowground biodiversity accounting for 45% of the variation in EMF. Our results have two important implications: first, including belowground biodiversity in models can improve the ability to explain and predict EMF. Second, regional-scale variation in climate, and perhaps climate change, can determine, or at least modify, the effects of biodiversity on EMF in natural ecosystems.National Basic Research Program of China [2014CB954004, 2014CB954002]; Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA05050404, XDB03030403]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [31025005, 31321061, 41071167]; National Science Foundation Dimensions of Biodiversity grant [NSF-1136703]; Danish National Research Foundation; US Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Biological and Environmental Research, Terrestrial Ecosystem Sciences Program Award [DE-SC0010562]SCI(E)[email protected]

Manipulating Multiple Order Parameters via Oxygen Vacancies: The case of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-{\delta}

Controlling functionalities, such as magnetism or ferroelectricity, by means of oxygen vacancies (VO) is a key issue for the future development of transition metal oxides. Progress in this field is currently addressed through VO variations and their impact on mainly one order parameter. Here we reveal a new mechanism for tuning both magnetism and ferroelectricity simultaneously by using VO. Combined experimental and density-functional theory studies of Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-{\delta}, we demonstrate that oxygen vacancies create Ti3+ 3d1 defect states, mediating the ferromagnetic coupling between the localized Eu 4f7 spins, and increase an off-center displacement of Ti ions, enhancing the ferroelectric Curie temperature. The dual function of Ti sites also promises a magnetoelectric coupling in the Eu0.5Ba0.5TiO3-{\delta}.Comment: Accepted by Physical Review B, 201

SpeciFingers

The inadequate use of finger properties has limited the input space of touch interaction. By leveraging the category of contacting fingers, finger-specific interaction is able to expand input vocabulary. However, accurate finger identification remains challenging, as it requires either additional sensors or limited sets of identifiable fingers to achieve ideal accuracy in previous works. We introduce SpeciFingers, a novel approach to identify fingers with the capacitive raw data on touchscreens. We apply a neural network of an encoder-decoder architecture, which captures the spatio-temporal features in capacitive image sequences. To assist users in recovering from misidentification, we propose a correction mechanism to replace the existing undo-redo process. Also, we present a design space of finger-specific interaction with example interaction techniques. In particular, we designed and implemented a use case of optimizing the performance in pointing on small targets. We evaluated our identification model and error correction mechanism in our use case