605 research outputs found
Health facility-based maternal death audit in Tigray, Ethiopia
Background: Maternal deaths are often unrecognized and improperly documented in the health system. Objective: To identify causes of maternal death occurring in hospitals and determine avoidability of maternal death. Methods: The study assessed each death for the cause and surrounding circumstances as well as avoidable factors, by reviewing two years patient and facility records and interviewing individuals who were involved in caring for the deceased. Data were collected between December 2005 and May 2006. Result: A total of 34 maternal deaths were identified in five public hospitals in Tigray over a period of two years, of which 12 (35.2%) were reported to have been avoidable. The leading causes of death were infection, haemorrhage and hypertensive disorders. Avoidable factors were mainly related to hospital service or medical factors such as lack of blood for transfusion, delay in transfusion, and inappropriate treatment. Lack of transportation and delayed careseeking also contributed to avoidable maternal deaths. The quality of medical records was very poor. Nearly 73.5% of maternal deaths were of rural residents and 20.5% of those who died were under the age of 18, which shows that young girls and rural residents carry significant maternal death risk. Conclusions: Maternal deaths are not properly documented in health facilities. Improper care led to avoidable maternal death. Improving care and information systems is crucial to making pregnancy safer and reducing maternal death.
Evaluation of genetic diversity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) from Wollo high land areas using agromorphological traits and hordein
This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity and relationships among barley varieties (Hordeum vulgare L.) growing at Wollo Highland areas by using hordein and agro-morphological traits. Twenty (20) varieties were laid down in randomized complete block design (RCBD) design with three replications; they were planted by irrigation at Wollo University, Dessie Campus from January to May 2014. The genetic analysis using hordein was done in the laboratory of Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute (EBI) in July 2014. Ten (10) competitive random plants from the rows of the experimental plots were taken for recording their agromorphological characters. Electrophoretic separation of barley storage proteins or hordeins was done using acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (A-PAGE). The traits: day of heading, day of maturity, grain yield (kg/ha), plant height, spike length, number of spiklet per spike, kernel number per spike, weight of seed per spike and biomass yield (g/plot) were highly significant for the diversity of barely, whereas thousand seed weight was less significant. The results reveal positive correlation between spike length and number of spiklet per spike (the highest correlations from the agro morphological traits); the next highly correlated traits were kernel weight per spike and thousand seed weight. The A-PAGE analysis showed limited variation among the analysed accessions. The Nei’s genetic distance for all varieties of barely varied from 0.0000 to 1.6094. It is found that the 20 genotypes of barely investigated in this research were having a gene diversity (h) of overall populations (0.138) using hordein. The cluster analysis grouped the 20 barely genotypes into three different clusters using agro-morphological traits and into four clusters using hordein. This indicates the presence of wide diversity among the tested genotypes. From cluster mean values of agro-morphological traits, genotypes in cluster III deserve consideration for directly developing high yielding barely varieties. The result of the principal components analysis revealed that the first three principal components having greater than 1 eigenvalue contributed 84.22% of the total variation. From this study, it can be concluded that the presence of high morphological variation indicated the potential of Wollo Highland areas in contributing to barley improvement and conservation activities of land areas.Key words: Acid polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, agro-morphological traits, hordein, genetic distance, hordeum vulgare, variability
On Exact Superpotentials, Free Energies and Matrix Models
We discuss exact results for the full nonperturbative effective
superpotentials of four dimensional supersymmetric U(N) gauge
theories with additional chiral superfield in the adjoint representation and
the free energies of the related zero dimensional bosonic matrix models with
polynomial potentials in the planar limit using the Dijkgraaf-Vafa matrix model
prescription and integrating in and out. The exact effective superpotentials
are produced including the leading Veneziano-Yankielowicz term directly from
the matrix models. We also discuss how to use integrating in and out as a tool
to do random matrix integrals in the large limit.Comment: 14 pages; v2: typos corrected; v3: the scheme for computing exact
superpotentials including both the Veneziano-Yankielowicz term and all
instanton corrections directly using matrix models is emphasized and
references added, to appear in JHE
Spin Hall effect of light in photon tunneling
We resolve the breakdown of angular momentum conservation on two-dimensional
photon tunneling by considering spin Hall effect (SHE) of light. This
interesting effect manifests itself as polarization-dependent transverse shifts
for a classic wave packet tunneling through a prism-air-prism barrier. For a
certain circularly polarized component, the transverse shifts can be modulated
by altering the refractive index gradient associated with the two prisms. We
find that the SHE in conventional beam refraction can be evidently enhanced via
photon tunneling mechanism. The polarization-dependent transverse shift is
governed by the total angular momentum conservation law, while the
polarization-dependent angular shift is governed by the total linear momentum
law. These findings open the possibility for developing new nano-photonic
devices and can be extrapolated to other physical systems.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Africa RISING Ethiopian Highlands Integrated Landscape Management Exchange Visit, 4-7 May 2016
United States Agency for International Developmen
A bis-calixarene from olefin metathesis
A ring-closing olefin metathesis reaction of tetrakis(allyloxy)calix[4]arene gave the bis calixarene, (15E,40E,60E)-65,74-bis(prop-2-en-1-yloxy)-13,18,38,43,58,63-hexaoxadodecacyclo[28.26.8.720,36.111,45.151,55.05,57.07,12.019,24.026,64.032,37.044,49.168,72]tetraheptaconta-1,3,5(57),7,9,11,15,19(24),20,22,26,28,30(64),32,34,36,40,44(49),45,47,51,53,55(65),60,68,70,72(74)-heptacosaene, C74H68O8. It is a cage formed from two calix[4]arene units joined by butenyl groups at three of the O atoms on the narrow rim. The fourth O atom on each calixarene unit is joined with an allyl group. Each of the calix[4]arene units has a flattened cone conformation in which the allyloxy-substituted aryl group and the opposite aryl group are close together and almost parallel [dihedral angle between planes = 1.09 (11)°], and the other two aryl groups are splayed outward [dihedral angle between planes = 79.53 (11)°]. No guest molecule (e.g. solvent) was observed within the cage. The alkene C atoms of one of the links between the calixarene moieties are disordered over two orientations with occupancies of 0.533 (9) and 0.467 (9)
N=1* model superpotential revisited (IR behaviour of N=4 limit)
The one-loop contribution to the superpotential, in particular the
Veneziano-Yankielowicz potential in N=1 supersymmetric Yang-Mills model is
discussed from an elementary field theory method and the matrix model point of
view. Both approaches are based on the Renormalization Group variation of the
superconformal N=4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills model.Comment: 31 page
Infrastructure governance in the post-networked city: state-led, high-tech sanitation in Addis Ababa’s condominium housing
Ethiopia’s mass-scale subsidized housing delivery programme has driven the rapid expansion of middle-income, mid-rise settlements on the outskirts of Addis Ababa, requiring the provision of infrastructure to newly developed areas. In the case of the Kotari housing project, established sanitation systems were deemed inappropriate for the site, resulting in the deployment of novel technology, a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). Such decentralised technologies contribute to the heterogenous infrastructure configurations which characterise Addis Ababa’s sanitation landscape, reflected not only in material configurations but also in how they are governed. In this paper, we use the concept of ‘infrastructure interfaces’ as an analytical device to identify the key material connection points in the system. Working across scales, we scrutinise the governance arrangements at these critical junctures: the household, the block, the condominium, and the city. Our analysis challenges established understandings of infrastructural heterogeneity driven by the private sector, either through financialized elite infrastructures or informal survivalist practices. In Kotari, the state is the driver and the target is the lower middle class. Centring the state in these infrastructure configurations provides nuance to our understanding of how heterogeneity emerges. Our methodological approach accounts for governance at various scales, providing fresh insights into the relationality of infrastructure, particularly the human/technology interface and infrastructural failures. The case shows the importance of transcending binary readings of infrastructure configurations, such as on/off grid, state/private and formal/informal. Future work on the post-network city must go beyond simply denigrating or valorising alternative modes of service delivery
Exact Superpotentials, Theories with Flavor and Confining Vacua
In this paper we study some interesting properties of the effective
superpotential of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theories with fundamental matter,
with the help of the Dijkgraaf--Vafa proposal connecting supersymmetric gauge
theories with matrix models.
We find that the effective superpotential for theories with N_f fundamental
flavors can be calculated in terms of quantities computed in the pure (N_f=0)
gauge theory. Using this property we compute in a remarkably simple way the
exact effective superpotential of N=1 supersymmetric theories with fundamental
matter and gauge group SU(N_c), at the point in the moduli space where a
maximal number of monopoles become massless (confining vacua). We extend the
analysis to a generic point of the moduli space, and show how to compute the
effective superpotential in this general case.Comment: 16 pages, no figure
Синтез микрокристаллического гидроксиапатита кальция в присутствии высокомолекулярных соединений
- …