Association of Quantitative ST- Segment Depression with Early Mortality among Naive Patients of Non- ST- Segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective: To determine the association of quantitative ST– segment depression with early mortality within 30 day in patients with first non-ST – segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). Methodology: This descriptive case series study was conducted at the cardiology department of LUMHS, from October 2016 to March 2017. Patients with NSTE-ACS and positive cardiac biomarkers, patients older than 25 years and both genders admitted to CCU were included. The ST-Segment depression was assessed on 12 lead electrocardiography. The ST segment is the line that starts from the end of the QRS complex (J wave) to the beginning of the T wave. Normally ST segment is straight line and, isoelectric to base line, ST segment depressed below isoelectric line is said ST depression, down sloping or flat depressed ST segments indicate coronary ischemia, more than 0.5 mm ST depression significant for ischemia. All patients were followed for 30-days for early mortality. All information obtained was recorded on the study Performa. Results: A total of 148 cases with acute myocardial infarction were integrated; the patient's average age was achieved as, 42.5±5.43 years, and males were in the majority 96(64%). On electrocardiography, ST-Segment depression was found in 60.13%, which is further divided into 0.5mm, >0.5-0.9 mm, >1-1.9 mm, and >2 mm with percentages of 12.83%, 22.29%, 16.89%, and 8.12%, respectively. Short term mortality was significantly associated with the severity of ST segment depression score (p-value 0.001). Conclusions: In the study conclusion, the severity of ST-Segment depression score was observed to be significantly correlated with short term mortality (30-day) in cases with early NSTE-ACS

Constant time calculation of the metric dimension of the join of path graphs

The distance between two vertices of a simple connected graph G, denoted as (Formula presented.), is the length of the shortest path from u to v and is always symmetrical. An ordered subset (Formula presented.) of (Formula presented.) is a resolving set for G, if for ∀ (Formula presented.), there exists (Formula presented.) ∋ (Formula presented.). A resolving set with minimal cardinality is called the metric basis. The metric dimension of G is the cardinality of metric basis of G and is denoted as (Formula presented.). For the graph (Formula presented.) and (Formula presented.), their join is denoted by (Formula presented.). The vertex set of (Formula presented.) is (Formula presented.) and the edge set is (Formula presented.). In this article, we show that the metric dimension of the join of two path graphs is unbounded because of its dependence on the size of the paths. We also provide a general formula to determine this metric dimension. We also develop algorithms to obtain metric dimensions and a metric basis for the join of path graphs, with respect to its symmetries

Metric dimensions of bicyclic graphs

The distance d(va, vb) between two vertices of a simple connected graph G is the length of the shortest path between va and vb. Vertices va, vb of G are considered to be resolved by a vertex v if d(va, v) 6= d(vb, v). An ordered set W = fv1, v2, v3, . . . , vsg V(G) is said to be a resolving set for G, if for any va, vb 2 V(G), 9 vi 2 W 3 d(va, vi) 6= d(vb, vi). The representation of vertex v with respect to W is denoted by r(vjW) and is an s-vector(s-tuple) (d(v, v1), d(v, v2), d(v, v3), . . . , d(v, vs)). Using representation r(vjW), we can say that W is a resolving set if, for any two vertices va, vb 2 V(G), we have r(vajW) 6= r(vbjW). A minimal resolving set is termed a metric basis for G. The cardinality of the metric basis set is called the metric dimension of G, represented by dim(G). In this article, we study the metric dimension of two types of bicyclic graphs. The obtained results prove that they have constant metric dimension

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

YABANCI KAYNAKLI YARDIMLARIN AFGANİSTAN’IN EKONOMİK GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ (2001-2015)

Gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ekonomik büyümenin desteklenmesinde dışyardımın rolü ve yoksulluğun azaltılmasında etkinliği, kalkınma bağlamında yoğun bir tartışma konusu olmuştur. Çalışma kapsamında, geçişülkelerine yönelik yapılan gerek teorik ve gerekse de ampirik analizlerdenistifade edilerek, ekonomik kalkınmaiçin sağlanan dışkaynaklı desteğin avantaj ve dezavantajlarıirdelenmiştir. 2001-2015 yılları arasında sağlanan dışdestek tutarına ve ekonomik büyümeye bağlı unsurlarınincelenmesi, hangiteorilerin Afganistan’a özel koşullara en uygunşekilde uyarlanabileceğine karar verilmesinisağlayacaktır. Sonuçlar, yabancı kaynaklı finansal desteklerin tüm olumlu etkilerinin kısa süreliolduğunu ve Afganistan gibisavaşgeçirmişfakir ülkelerin ekonomik kalkınmalarıiçin yapılan dışyardımların yeterlive etkin çözümler olmadığını göstermektedir. Ele alınan dönemde (2001-2015) Afganistan’ın GSYİH büyümesiazalmış, yolsuzluk seviyesiartmış, yoksulluk oranı yükselmişveişsizlik artmıştır. Bu bağlamda, çalışmanın nihaihedefi, Afganistan’a verilen dışkaynaklı desteklerin ülkenin ekonomik kalkınmasına daha etkin katkıda bulunmasını sağlayabilecek politikaları tavsiye etmektir

On multiplicative degree based topological indices for planar octahedron networks

Chemical graph theory is a branch of graph theory in which a chemical compound is presented with a simple graph called a molecular graph. There are atomic bonds in the chemistry of the chemical atomic graph and edges. The graph is connected when there is at least one connection between its vertices. The number that describes the topology of the graph is called the topological index. Cheminformatics is a new subject which is a combination of chemistry, mathematics and information science. It studies quantitative structure-activity (QSAR) and structure-property (QSPR) relationships that are used to predict the biological activities and properties of chemical compounds. We evaluated the second multiplicative Zagreb index, first and second universal Zagreb indices, first and second hyper Zagreb indices, sum and product connectivity indices for the planar octahedron network, triangular prism network, hex planar octahedron network, and give these indices closed analytical formulas

The impact of biochar on the activities of soil nutrients acquisition enzymes is potentially controlled by the pyrolysis temperature: A meta-analysis

Understanding the responses of soil enzymes that catalyze the decomposition of organic matter is critical for understanding the mechanisms of biochar effects in agricultural soils. In this study, we conducted a global meta-analysis based on 1354-paired observations extracted from 125 published and 4 unpublished articles to explore the effects of biochar on the activities of soil nutrients-acquisition enzymatic groups. The meta-analysis revealed contrasting responses of soil enzymes to biochar amendment at the individual and group levels. Pyrolysis temperature was the dominant factor determining the effects of biochar on soil enzyme activities. Low-temperature biochar produced at < 500 ℃ enhanced the activities of almost all soil enzymatic groups involved in carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) acquisition extracellular soil enzymes, and dehydrogenase (DHA) with mean effect sizes of 4%, 23%, 12%, and 22%, respectively. A significant role of different parameters associated with low-temperature biochar, soil, and experimental conditions was evident on the activity of C-acquisition enzymes. In contrast, N and P-acquisition enzymes showed consistently positive responses to low-temperature biochar addition regardless of other parameters. High-temperature biochar produced ≥ 500 ℃ showed negligible effect on C-, N-, P- acquisition enzymes and DHA activity with mean effect sizes of 2%, 6%, 1%, and 0.5%, respectively. Soil pH, texture, C contents, and biochar application rates were the dominant factors influencing biochar effects on soil enzyme activities. The long-term field experiments usually showed different responses to biochar addition from lab incubation and short-term field experiments. Overall, the present meta-analysis provides comprehensive information elucidating the effects of low and high-temperature biochars on soil enzymes in agroecosystems to enhance C sequestration or soil fertility

Effect of Pure Corn Oil on Growth Performance of Japanese Quail (Coturnix Coturnix Japonica)

In recent years, consecutive research has been conducted on the nutrient requirements of the quails to find an optimum and affordable legitimate growth promoter. Different types of vegetable oil have been tested so far. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of pure corn oil (PCO) on growth performance and live body weight gain in Japanese quails. A total of 80 four-day-old quail chicks were divided into two groups: control (20 checks) and experimental (60 checks). The experimental group was subdivided into three subgroups (G1, G2, and G3) of 20 chicks per group. All the control and experimental group chicks were fed a commercial grower quail diet in all three growth phases. Despite the commercial diet, the G1, G2, and G3 experimental groups were fed 1, 3, and 5% PCO, respectively. The values for live body weight did not significantly change after adding PCO to the quail’s diet. According to the study\u27s findings, adding PCO to the commercial diet of Japanese quails in various amounts had no beneficial effects on feed consumption and growth rate. Additionally, it had an insignificant (p&gt;0.05) detrimental impact on the growth performance of the quails compared to control groups. In conclusion, we can say that adding PCO to quail\u27s commercial diet in the hot months of the year under Afghanistan\u27s climate has no positive impact on growth and further slows down the rate of body weight gain

Metric Dimensions of Bicyclic Graphs

The distance d(va,vb) between two vertices of a simple connected graph G is the length of the shortest path between va and vb. Vertices va,vb of G are considered to be resolved by a vertex v if d(va,v)&ne;d(vb,v). An ordered set W={v1,v2,v3,&hellip;,vs}&sube;V(G) is said to be a resolving set for G, if for any va,vb&isin;V(G),&exist;vi&isin;W&ni;d(va,vi)&ne;d(vb,vi). The representation of vertex v with respect to W is denoted by r(v|W) and is an s-vector(s-tuple) (d(v,v1),d(v,v2),d(v,v3),&hellip;,d(v,vs)). Using representation r(v|W), we can say that W is a resolving set if, for any two vertices va,vb&isin;V(G), we have r(va|W)&ne;r(vb|W). A minimal resolving set is termed a metric basis for G. The cardinality of the metric basis set is called the metric dimension of G, represented by dim(G). In this article, we study the metric dimension of two types of bicyclic graphs. The obtained results prove that they have constant metric dimension

Metric Dimensions of Bicyclic Graphs

The distance d(va,vb) between two vertices of a simple connected graph G is the length of the shortest path between va and vb. Vertices va,vb of G are considered to be resolved by a vertex v if d(va,v)≠d(vb,v). An ordered set W={v1,v2,v3,…,vs}⊆V(G) is said to be a resolving set for G, if for any va,vb∈V(G),∃vi∈W∋d(va,vi)≠d(vb,vi). The representation of vertex v with respect to W is denoted by r(v|W) and is an s-vector(s-tuple) (d(v,v1),d(v,v2),d(v,v3),…,d(v,vs)). Using representation r(v|W), we can say that W is a resolving set if, for any two vertices va,vb∈V(G), we have r(va|W)≠r(vb|W). A minimal resolving set is termed a metric basis for G. The cardinality of the metric basis set is called the metric dimension of G, represented by dim(G). In this article, we study the metric dimension of two types of bicyclic graphs. The obtained results prove that they have constant metric dimension