Onlinecoping - Internetverhalten und Internetsucht in Zusammenhang mit Stressbewältigung und Lebensqualtität

Internet spielt eine wesentliche Rolle im Alltag der Menschen, sowohl beruflich, als auch privat. Der Mensch ist ständig erreichbar, E-Mail Kommunikation, Onlinecommunities und Internettelefonie stehen im Vormarsch. Außerdem ist unser Gesellschaftssystem ein sehr schnelllebiges. Stress gehört bei vielen Menschen zum Alltag. Deswegen sind die Anwendungen von Copingstrategien eine notwendige Maßnahme, um auf Dauer ein Burnout zu vermeiden. In dieser Studie wird untersucht, ob diese sogenannten Copings auch online existieren. In einer Vorerhebung von 96 Onlinecopingitems wurden 18 Fragen für die Hauptstudie ermittelt. Die Fragebögen zur Internetsucht (Hahn, 2010), zu normalen Copingstrategien (Tellinger, 2010), zum Onlinecoping (Stetina & Hafner, 2011, in Vorbereitung), zum Internetverhalten und zur Lebensqualität (Bech, 1998; Ardelt und Moorehead, 1991) erreichten insgesamt 3.050 Personen. Von den 1.336 voll ausgefüllten Fragebögen wurden 1.188 für die Berechnung herangezogen, da von einer Interpolierung aufgrund er großen Datenmenge Abstand genommen wurde. Lediglich bei sechs der 1.118 Personen wurde eine Internetabhängigkeit ermittelt. 26 Personen waren internetsuchtgefährdet. Es konnten vier Onlinecoping Skalen ermittelt werden: intentionales, soziales, emotionales und informelles. Die Zusammenhänge von Onlinecoping und Internetsucht sind aufgrund der geringen internetsüchtigen Personen nicht hinreichend gegeben. Es zeigt sich, dass das Internet als wichtige Informationsquelle genutzt wird, und dass die User sowohl privat als auch beruflich mehr als zwei Stunden täglich online sind. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bringen eine Onlinecoping Skala hervor. Ein deutlicher Zusammenhang von Onlinecoping und den restlich erhobenen Variablen konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Weitere wissenschaftliche Untersuchungen auf diesem Gebiet scheinen essentiell, vor allem die Zielgruppe der internetgefährdeten und -süchtigen Personen sollte miteinbezogen werden

An Empirical Survey on Co-simulation: Promising Standards, Challenges and Research Needs

Co-simulation is a promising approach for the modelling and simulation of complex systems, that makes use of mature simulation tools in the respective domains. It has been applied in wildly different domains, oftentimes without a comprehensive study of the impact to the simulation results. As a consequence, over the recent years, researchers have set out to understand the essential challenges arising from the application of this technique. This paper complements the existing surveys in that the social and empirical aspects were addressed. More than 50 experts participated in a two-stage Delphi study to determine current challenges, research needs and promising standards and tools. Furthermore, an analysis of the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats of co-simulation utilizing the analytic hierarchy process resulting in a SWOT-AHP analysis is presented. The empirical results of this study show that experts consider the FMI standard to be the most promising standard for continuous time, discrete event and hybrid co-simulation. The results of the SWOT-AHP analysis indicate that factors related to strengths and opportunities predominate

ESR and ENDOR study on the radical ions of two non—alternant hydrocarbons: 1,3,5,7-tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene and 2,7-di-tert-butyldicyclopenta [a,e] cyclooctene

The radical anions and radical cations of two alkyl-substituted non-alternant hydrocarbons, 1,3,5,7-tetra-tert-butyl-s-indacene and 2,7-di-tert-butyldicyclopenta [a,e] cyclooctene, were characterized by their proton coupling constants with the use of ESR and, in part, ENDOR spectroscopy. Considering the unusual electronic structures of the π-systems in question, these values agree fairly well with those predicted by simple MO theory. Also reported are the proton hyperfine data for the radical ions of the likewise alkyl-substituted non-alternant 8,16-diisopropyl-s-indaceno [1,2,3-cd:5,6,7-c′ d′] diphenalene

Buffered lidocaine 1%/epinephrine 1:100,000 with sodium bicarbonate (sodium hydrogen carbonate) in a 3:1 ratio is less painful than a 9:1 ratio: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial

Background: Neutralizing (buffering) lidocaine 1%/epinephrine 1:100,000 solution (Lido/Epi) with sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3) (also called sodium bicarbonate) is widely used to reduce burning sensations during infiltration of Lido/Epi. Optimal mixing ratios have not been systematically investigated. Objectives: To determine whether a Lido/Epi:NaHCO3 mixing ratio of 3:1 (investigational medicinal product 1) causes less pain during infiltration than a mixing ratio of 9:1 (IMP2) or unbuffered Lido/Epi (IMP3). Methods: Double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial (n = 2 × 24) with 4 investigational medicinal products (IMP1-4). Results: The 3:1 mixing ratio was significantly less painful than the 9:1 ratio (P = .044). Unbuffered Lido/Epi was more painful than the buffered Lido/Epi (P = .001 vs IMP1; P = .033 vs IMP2). IMP4 (NaCl 0.9% [placebo]) was more painful than any of the anesthetic solutions (P = .001 vs IMP1; P = .001 vs IMP2; P = .016 vs IMP3). In all cases, the anesthesia was effective for at least 3 hours. Limitations: Results of this trial cannot be generalized to other local anesthetics such as prilocaine, bupivacaine, or ropivacaine, which precipitate with NaHCO3 admixtures. Conclusions: Lido/Epi-NaHCO3 mixtures effectively reduce burning pain during infiltration. The 3:1 mixing ratio is significantly less painful than the 9:1 ratio. Reported findings are of high practical relevance, given the extensive use of local anesthesia today

Radical Ions in the Pentalene Series. Part III. Three Paramagnetic Redox Stages of a Dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene

Five redox stages have been observed for the recently synthesized 1,3,5,7-tetra(tert-butyl) derivative 1 of the dicyclopenta[a,e]pentalene, a novel non-alternant hydrocarbon: the radical cation 1 , the neutral compound 1, the radical anion Is, the dianion 1²-, and the radical trianion 1³. Information about the electronic structure of the three paramagnetic stages, 1, 1⁻, and 1³⁻ is provided by the use of ESR, ENDOR, and TRIPLE resonance spectroscopy. The unpaired electron in the trianion resides mainly on the ‘inner’ butadiene-π-system, whereas in the cation and the anion, it is largely localized on the two ‘outer’ five-membered rings

Increased Callosal Connectivity in Reeler Mice Revealed by Brain-Wide Input Mapping of VIP Neurons in Barrel Cortex

The neocortex is composed of layers. Whether layers constitute an essential framework for the formation of functional circuits is not well understood. We investigated the brain-wide input connectivity of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) expressing neurons in the reeler mouse. This mutant is characterized by a migration deficit of cortical neurons so that no layers are formed. Still, neurons retain their properties and reeler mice show little cognitive impairment. We focused on VIP neurons because they are known to receive strong long-range inputs and have a typical laminar bias toward upper layers. In reeler, these neurons are more dispersed across the cortex. We mapped the brain-wide inputs of VIP neurons in barrel cortex of wild-type and reeler mice with rabies virus tracing. Innervation by subcortical inputs was not altered in reeler, in contrast to the cortical circuitry. Numbers of long-range ipsilateral cortical inputs were reduced in reeler, while contralateral inputs were strongly increased. Reeler mice had more callosal projection neurons. Hence, the corpus callosum was larger in reeler as shown by structural imaging. We argue that, in the absence of cortical layers, circuits with subcortical structures are maintained but cortical neurons establish a different network that largely preserves cognitive functions

Designing Secure Service Workflows in BPEL

This paper presents an approach that we have developed to support the design of secure service based applications in BPEL. The approach is based on the use of secure service composition patterns, which are proven to preserve composition level security properties if the services that are composed according to the pattern satisfy other properties individually. The secure service composition patterns are used for two purposes: (a) to analyse whether a given workflow fragment satisfies a given security property, and (b) to generate com-positions of services that could substitute for individual services within the workflow that cause the violation of the security properties. Our approach has been implemented in a tool that is based on Eclipse BPEL Designer

Hidden scale invariance of metals

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations of 58 liquid elements at their triple point show that most metals exhibit near proportionality between thermal fluctuations between virial and potential-energy in the isochoric ensemble. This demonstrates a general "hidden" scale invariance of metals making the dense part of the thermodynamic phase diagram effectively one dimensional with respect to structure and dynamics. DFT computed density scaling exponents, related to the Gr{\"u}neisen parameter, are in good agreement with experimental values for 16 elements where reliable data were available. Hidden scale invariance is demonstrated in detail for magnesium by showing invariance of structure and dynamics. Computed melting curves of period three metals follow curves with invariance (isomorphs). The experimental structure factor of magnesium is predicted by assuming scale invariant inverse power-law (IPL) pair interactions. However, crystal packings of several transition metals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Nb, Mo, Ta, W and Hg), most post-transition metals (Ga, In, Sn, and Tl) and the metalloids Si and Ge cannot be explained by the IPL assumption. Thus, hidden scale invariance can be present even when the IPL-approximation is inadequate. The virial-energy correlation coefficient of iron and phosphorous is shown to increase at elevated pressures. Finally, we discuss how scale invariance explains the Gr{\"u}neisen equation of state and a number of well-known empirical melting and freezing rules.Comment: 12 pages, 11 figure

Numerical simulation of heat transfer in a large room with a working gas infrared emitter

The article presents a new approach to determining the main characteristics of the thermal regime in the buildings and structures heated by the gas infrared emitters, based on the analysis of convective heat transfer in the air and thermal conductivity in the enclosing structures. The authors have considered a mathematical model of turbulent heat transfer in the framework of the standard k-e model under radiant heating conditions. The simulation was carried out for a large room with an approximation to the real operating conditions of an industrial facility. The options for heating an empty room and the room with an object were considered