Herr Schüüch im Kontext gesellschaftlicher Norm- und Wertvorstellungen

Da kein Abstract des Artikels vorhanden ist, finden Sie hier den Beginn des Artikels: EinleitungHerr Schüüch wurde vom Schweizer Karikaturisten und Autoren Hans Moser in den 1960er Jahren kreiert und erschien beinahe 20 Jahre lang im Schweizer Satiremagazin Nebelspalter, welches noch heute und seit über 130 Jahren publiziert wird.Der Autor Hans Moser zeigt mit Herr Schüüch auf, wie unsere Denk und Verhaltensweisen durch gesellschaftliche Norm- und Wertvorstellungen geprägt und verhandelt werden. Der Protagonist Herr Schüüch gilt dabei nicht nur als Normvermittler bzw. Normspiegler, sondern stellt eine stereotype Figur des überkorrekten Schweizers dar und ermöglicht den Zugang zu schweizerischen Norm- und Wertvorstellungen seiner Zeit.Im Rahmen dieses Essays sollen in einem ersten Analyseschritt gesellschaftliche Norm- und Wertvorstellungen bild- und textanalytisch herausgearbeitet und grob kategorisiert werden, welche explizit mit dem Buch Herr Schüüch – Aus dem Leben eines Zeitgenossen stereotypisch vermittelt und thematisiert werden. Methodisch soll sich dieser erste Analyseschritt grob an Heckmanns Interpretationsregeln zur Auswertung qualitativer Interviews und Sozialwissenschaftlich relevanter Texte und an der Kulturanalyse Populärer Medientexte von Köck orientieren

Novel Paraconiothyrium species on stone fruit trees and other woody hosts

Coniothyrium-like fungi are common wood and soil inhabitants and hyperparasites on other fungi. They belong to different fungal genera within the Pleosporales. Several isolates were obtained on wood of different Prunus species (plum, peach and nectarine) from South Africa, on Actinidia species from Italy and on Laurus nobilis from Turkey. Morphological and cultural characteristics as well as DNA sequence data (5.8S nrDNA, ITS1, ITS2, partial SSU nrDNA) were used to characterise them. The isolates belonged to three species of the recently established genus Paraconiothyrium. This is the first report of Paraconiothyrium brasiliense on Prunus spp. from South Africa. Two new species are described, namely Paraconiothyrium variabile sp. nov. on Prunus persica and Prunus salicina from South Africa, on Actinidia spp. from Italy and on Laurus nobilis from Turkey, and Paraconiothyrium africanum sp. nov. on Prunus persica from South Africa. Although other known species of Paraconiothyrium commonly produce aseptate conidia, those of P. africanum and P. hawaiiense comb. nov. are predominantly two-celled

The slow release of BMP-7 at a low dose accelerates dental implant healing in an osteopenic environment.

The aim of the present study was to investigate in vivo whether bone morphogenetic protein-7 (BMP-7) was able to promote and accelerate dental implant healing at a low dose in an osteopenic environment by using a delayed drug-release system. Skeletally mature Chinese goats, having physiologically osteopenic (osteoporotic-like) facial bones, served as an animal model. Dental implants were provided with a delayed-release drug-delivery system and BMP-7 was applied at three different dosages. The implants, inserted into healed extraction sockets, were removed 1, 2 and 3 weeks after surgery. Quantification of osseointegration and formation of new bone in the peri- implant space were measured histomorphometrically. Data revealed no evidence of any adverse drug effect at or near the implantation sites. After the first postoperative week, bone neoformation was minimal; after the second week, peri-implant bone formation appeared, particularly in the groups with low dosages of BMP-7. After 3 weeks, new-bone volume was the largest in the group with the lowest (near-physiological) dosage of BMP-7, also showing the highest efficacy of BMP-7. Other dosage or release modes were found to be significantly less effective. BMP-7 was highly efficacious in promoting and accelerating bone formation in the peri-implant space in a hostile osteopenic environment if released by a slow-mode mechanism over time at near physiological activities. Therefore, biological functionalisation of dental implants by a high-power osteogenic factor may improve their healing success in hostile bony environments (osteopenia, osteoporosis, bone atrophy etc.)

Alfalfa mosaic virus replicase proteins P1 and P2 interact and colocalize at the vacuolar membrane

Replication of Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) RNAs depends on the virus-encoded proteins P1 and P2. P1 contains methyltransferase- and helicase-like domains, and P2 contains a polymerase-like domain. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments revealed an interaction between in vitro translated-P1 and P2 and showed that these proteins are present together in fractions with RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity. A deletion analysis in the yeast two-hybrid system showed that in P1 the C-terminal sequence of 509 amino acids with the helicase domain was necessary for the interaction. In P2, the sequence of the N-terminal 241 aa was required for the interaction. In infected protoplasts, P1 and P2 colocalized at a membrane structure that was identified as the tonoplast (i.e., the membrane that surrounds the vacuoles) by using a tonoplast intrinsic protein as a marker in immunofluorescence studies. While P1 was exclusively localized on the tonoplast, P2 was found both at the tonoplast and at other locations in the cell. As Brome mosaic virus replication complexes have been found to be associated with the endoplasmic reticulum (M. A. Restrepo-Hartwig and P. Ahlquist, J. Virol. 70:8908-8916, 1996), viruses in the family Bromoviridae apparently select different cellular membranes for the assembly of their replication complexes

The CC-NB-LRR-Type Rdg2a Resistance Gene Confers Immunity to the Seed-Borne Barley Leaf Stripe Pathogen in the Absence of Hypersensitive Cell Death

BACKGROUND: Leaf stripe disease on barley (Hordeum vulgare) is caused by the seed-transmitted hemi-biotrophic fungus Pyrenophora graminea. Race-specific resistance to leaf stripe is controlled by two known Rdg (Resistance to Drechslera graminea) genes: the H. spontaneum-derived Rdg1a and Rdg2a, identified in H. vulgare. The aim of the present work was to isolate the Rdg2a leaf stripe resistance gene, to characterize the Rdg2a locus organization and evolution and to elucidate the histological bases of Rdg2a-based leaf stripe resistance. PRINCIPLE FINDINGS: We describe here the positional cloning and functional characterization of the leaf stripe resistance gene Rdg2a. At the Rdg2a locus, three sequence-related coiled-coil, nucleotide-binding site, and leucine-rich repeat (CC-NB-LRR) encoding genes were identified. Sequence comparisons suggested that paralogs of this resistance locus evolved through recent gene duplication, and were subjected to frequent sequence exchange. Transformation of the leaf stripe susceptible cv. Golden Promise with two Rdg2a-candidates under the control of their native 5′ regulatory sequences identified a member of the CC-NB-LRR gene family that conferred resistance against the Dg2 leaf stripe isolate, against which the Rdg2a-gene is effective. Histological analysis demonstrated that Rdg2a-mediated leaf stripe resistance involves autofluorescing cells and prevents pathogen colonization in the embryos without any detectable hypersensitive cell death response, supporting a cell wall reinforcement-based resistance mechanism. CONCLUSIONS: This work reports about the cloning of a resistance gene effective against a seed borne disease. We observed that Rdg2a was subjected to diversifying selection which is consistent with a model in which the R gene co-evolves with a pathogen effector(s) gene. We propose that inducible responses giving rise to physical and chemical barriers to infection in the cell walls and intercellular spaces of the barley embryo tissues represent mechanisms by which the CC-NB-LRR-encoding Rdg2a gene mediates resistance to leaf stripe in the absence of hypersensitive cell death.Davide Bulgarelli, Chiara Biselli, Nicholas C. Collins, Gabriella Consonni, Antonio M. Stanca, Paul Schulze-Lefert and Giampiero Val

Fighting for recognition : Asian American advocates and their strategic uses of identity

This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2019Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 88-94).Nonprofit advocacy organizations play a key role in advancing the rights of disadvantaged individuals and groups. Further, these organizations strategically frame issues and their image in ways that facilitate their ability to mobilize individuals, gain credibility, and sway public opinion. While scholars recognize that immigrant-serving nonprofit organizations have the potential to serve, advocate for, and/or mobilize some of the most disadvantaged communities in the US, there is little focus on organizational identity (very simply, the answer to "who are we as an organization?") and how organizational identities are deployed as a political strategy, especially in a political environment where politicians blame immigrants for damaging the livelihoods of Americans and in which racist and xenophobic rhetoric is increasingly normalized.I use the example of Asian Americans, a group with tremendous intragroup socioeconomic, cultural, and political diversity, and the nonprofits serving this community, to examine how their identity deployment practices, in conjunction with other factors internal and external to these organizations, relate to social service and advocacy outcomes for immigrant constituents in New York City. Although these organizations differ in multiple ways (e.g., varying levels of attachment with Asian American identity, history, location in the city, constituency, size, organizational capacity, and programmatic and advocacy expertise), they also seek to mitigate organizational uncertainties in the midst of demographic, political, and economic change.I find three cross cutting themes that contribute to the bulk of my findings: 1) flexible identity deployment and its "mixed" programmatic and advocacy outcomes, 2) boundary maintenance within organizations to maintain organizational legitimacy, and 3) claims of disadvantage relative to other groups. Ultimately, these findings contribute to understandings of the current state of Asian American politics and how these dynamics impact panethnic and multiracial forms of collective action.by Haegi Kwon.Ph. D.Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Plannin