Unraveling unprecedented charge carrier mobility through structure property relationship of four isomers of didodecyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene

Since the dawn of organic electronics in the 1970’s, academic and industrial research efforts have led to dramatic improvements of the solubility, stability, and electronic properties of organic semiconductors (OSCs).[1, 2] The common benchmark to characterize the electrical performances of OSCs is their charge carrier mobility μ (cm2 V–1 s–1), defined as the drift velocity of the charge carrier (cm s–1) per unit of applied electric field (V cm–1). Reaching high mobilities in OSCs is highly desirable as it allows faster operation of transistors and energy savings by reduced calculation times.[2, 3] However, OSCs performances (conventional values usually range from 1 to 10 cm2 V–1 s–1, with highest values obtained with single-crystal devices mostly exempt of structural defects) are still not comparable to that of state-of-the-art inorganic semiconductors (e.g. metal oxides with µ = 20-50 cm2 V–1 s–1 and polycrystalline silicon with µ > 100 cm2 V–1 s–1) thereby hampering important potential technological applications such as flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) displays and wearable electronics.[3, 4

Contribution on the studies of polymers networks containing liquid crystals

Une étude détaillée des matériaux à base de polymères et cristaux liquides, préparés par le processus de séparation de phases induite par rayonnement ultraviolet a été effectué pour des mélanges comprenant un cristal liquide nématique de la famille des cyanobiphényls, un monomère acrylique et un photoamorceur. Ces matériaux possèdent des fonctionnalités électro-optiques intéressantes notamment dans le domaine des vitrages à transparence contrôlée. Une deuxième méthode de préparation consiste à élaborer un gel chimique de polymère-cristal liquide qui est constitué par un réseau de polymère gonflé dans un solvant de type cristal liquide. La synthèse, le gonflement et la structure de plusieurs gels de polymères (de type cristal liquide) ont fait l'objet d'une étude intensive. Ces gels sont potentiellement utiles dans divers domaines tels que les écrans d'affichage ou les muscles artificiels et constituent une nouvelle catégorie de gels intelligents. L'influence de la méthode de préparation et de la composition des systèmes polymère/cristal liquide a été étudiée à l'aide de plusieurs techniques expérimentales et en particulier par spectrocopies infrarouge, diélectrique, mécanique. calorimétrie différentielle, et par microscopie optique à lumière polarisée.A detailed study of materials based on polymers and Iiquid crystals, prepared by the process of phase separation by 1ultraviolet radiation. was made for mixtures incIuding a nematic liquid crystal of the family of cyanobiphenyls, an acrylic monomer and a photoinitiator. These materials possess interesting electro-optical features particularly in the field of smart windows. The second method of preparation of these materials consists in elaborating a chemical gel of polymer / liquid crystal which is established by a polymer network swollen in a solvent of liquid crystal type. The synthesis, the swelling and the structure of several polymer gels in liquid crystals were the object of an extensive study. These gels are potentially useful in several domains such as display screens or artificial muscles. The influence of the method of preparation and the composition of the polymer liquid crystal systems was studied by means of several experimental teclmiques and in particular by infrared, dielectric, and mechanical spectrocopies. differential scanning calorimetry, and by opticaI microscopy with polarized light

Contribution à l'étude des réseaux de polymères contenant des cristaux liquides

Une étude détaillée des matériaux à base de polymères et cristaux liquides, préparés par le processus de séparation de phases induite par rayonnement ultraviolet a été effectué pour des mélanges comprenant un cristal liquide nématique de la famille des cyanobiphényls, un monomère acrylique et un photoamorceur. Ces matériaux possèdent des fonctionnalités électro-optiques intéressantes notamment dans le domaine des vitrages à transparence contrôlée. Une deuxième méthode de préparation consiste à élaborer un gel chimique de polymère-cristal liquide qui est constitué par un réseau de polymère gonflé dans un solvant de type cristal liquide. La synthèse, le gonflement et la structure de plusieurs gels de polymères (de type cristal liquide) ont fait l'objet d'une étude intensive. Ces gels sont potentiellement utiles dans divers domaines tels que les écrans d'affichage ou les muscles artificiels et constituent une nouvelle catégorie de gels intelligents. L'influence de la méthode de préparation et de la composition des systèmes polymère/cristal liquide a été étudiée à l'aide de plusieurs techniques expérimentales et en particulier par spectrocopies infrarouge, diélectrique, mécanique. calorimétrie différentielle, et par microscopie optique à lumière polarisée.A detailed study of materials based on polymers and Iiquid crystals, prepared by the process of phase separation by 1ultraviolet radiation. was made for mixtures incIuding a nematic liquid crystal of the family of cyanobiphenyls, an acrylic monomer and a photoinitiator. These materials possess interesting electro-optical features particularly in the field of smart windows. The second method of preparation of these materials consists in elaborating a chemical gel of polymer / liquid crystal which is established by a polymer network swollen in a solvent of liquid crystal type. The synthesis, the swelling and the structure of several polymer gels in liquid crystals were the object of an extensive study. These gels are potentially useful in several domains such as display screens or artificial muscles. The influence of the method of preparation and the composition of the polymer liquid crystal systems was studied by means of several experimental teclmiques and in particular by infrared, dielectric, and mechanical spectrocopies. differential scanning calorimetry, and by opticaI microscopy with polarized light.LILLE1-Bib. Electronique (590099901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Line and Grid Impedance Impact on the Performances of a Parallel Connected Modular Inverter System

With the rising fuel cost, increasing demand of power and the concerns for global climate change, the use of clean energy make the connection of power electronics building bloc in the heart of the current research. The high output current applications make the parallel connection of modular inverters to be a solution for the use of low power building block inverters where the output power cannot be handled by a single inverter configuration. In this context, average-modeling using average phase–leg technique allows the n-parallel connected inverters to be analyzed accurately and rapidly without requiring the complexity of the full switched inverter topology. The obtained analytical solution along with the equivalent circuit model makes easier the design of the control loop. The analytical solution of the n-parallel connected inverters shows the impact of the line and grid impedance on the performance of the overall system. The impact of this coupling has to be investigated such that the main feature of paralleling inverters is guaranteed and that the inverter mode of operation will not be compromised. The main advantage of paralleling inverters can be lost for a certain coupling impedance considerations

Investigation of Elastic Constants of Polymer/Nanoparticles Composites Using the Brillouin Spectroscopy and the Mechanical Homogenization Modeling

International audienceA numerical model using homogenization techniques is proposed to simulate the evolution of elastic properties of nanocomposite polymer-nanoparticles, depending on the concentration of nanoparticles and the rigidity of the particle-matrix interface. To validate this model, it was confronted to several physical systems having different interface behavior, the nanocomposite systems: poly(vinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene)/Al2O3 (alumina nanoparticles incorporated into copolymer of vinylidene difluoride and trifluoroethylene to form nanocomposite), PMMA/CNT (carbon nanotube/poly(methyl methacrylate) composite) and PMMA/SiO2 with nanoparticles with or without surface treatment of silanization. For all these systems, the Young's modulus (nanoparticles and matrix) has been obtained experimentally from the elastic modulus C-11 obtained by Brillouin spectroscopy. These macroscopic measurements coupled with the theoretical model allow a multiscale approach of the elastic behavior of nanocomposite systems, providing information on the global elastic properties of polymer-nanoparticle material, and also indications about the strength of physical and chemical bonds between the nanoparticles and the matrix. Our results validate the hypothesis of the crucial role of the interface module, provided by numerical simulation which shows that incorporation of nanoparticles may lead to a strengthening or a weakening of the matrix

Maternal infibulation and obstetrical outcome in Djibouti.

Abstract Objective: The objective of the present study was to assess the relation between female genital mutilation and obstetric outcome in an East African urban clinic with a standardized care, taking into account medical and socioeconomic status. Methods: This was a cohort study conducted in Djibouti between October 1, 2012 and April 30, 2014. Overall 643 mothers were interviewed and clinically assessed for the presence of female genital mutilation. The prevalence of obstetric complications by infibulation status was included in a multivariate stepwise regression model. Results: Overall, 29 of 643 women did not have any form of mutilation (4.5%), as opposed to 238 of 643 women with infibulation (37.0%), 369 with type 2 (57.4%), and 7 with type 1 mutilation (1.1%).Women with a severe type of mutilation were more likely to have socio-economic and medical risk factors. After adjustment, the only outcome that was significantly related with infibulation was the presence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid with an odds ratio of 1.58 (1.10-2.27), p value=0.014. Conclusions: Infibulation was not related with excess perinatal morbidity in this setting with a very high prevalence of female genital mutilation, but future research should concentrate on the relation between infibulation and meconium.SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Effect of ultrasonication and dispersion stability on the cluster size of alumina nanoscale particles in aqueous solutions

International audienc

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution and Material Flow During Friction Stir Welding 2017A Aluminum Alloys

This study describes the use of fluid dynamic code, FLUENT to model the flow of metal in the AA2017A case around the welding tool pin (FSW). A standard threaded tool profile is used for the analysis of phenomena during welding such as heat generation and flow of the material are included. The main objective is to gain a better understanding of the flow of material around a tool. The model showed a large number of phenomena similar to those of the real process. The model has also generated a sufficient amount of heat, which leads to a good estimate of the junction temperature. These results were obtained using a viscosity which is near the solidus softening

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution and Material Flow During Friction Stir Welding 2017A Aluminum Alloys

This study describes the use of fluid dynamic code, FLUENT to model the flow of metal in the AA2017A case around the welding tool pin (FSW). A standard threaded tool profile is used for the analysis of phenomena during welding such as heat generation and flow of the material are included. The main objective is to gain a better understanding of the flow of material around a tool. The model showed a large number of phenomena similar to those of the real process. The model has also generated a sufficient amount of heat, which leads to a good estimate of the junction temperature. These results were obtained using a viscosity which is near the solidus softening