Karakteristik Morfologi dan Anatomi, serta Kandungan Klorofil Lima Kultivar Tanaman Penyerap Polusi Udara Sansevieria trifasciata.

Sansevieria trifasciata is an unique houseplant that can provide clean air to occupied room because it can absorb harmful substances from the air. This research aim to compare morphological, and anatomical characters and chlorophyll content of five cultivars of this plant. Morphological characters of all S. trifasciata cultivars observed varied in pattern, colour, and size of the leaf. Stomata can be found on both leaf surfaces; abaxial side have higher stomatal density than adaxial side. Distribution of single stomata was presented in all cultivars, while clustered stomata were also found in cv. Moonsine. Among all cultivars, stomatal density and stomatal index were found the highest in cv. Moonsine. The highest chlorophyll content, the longest leaf, widthest leaf and the thinnest leaf were found in cv. African Dawn. Potentially, S. trifasciata cv. African Dawn and S. trifasciata cv. Moonsine could absorb air pollution better than the other cultivars.

Gold Mine Wastewater Induced Morpho-physiological Alteration of Four Biodiesel Producing Species

This experiment aimed to determine the adaptability of four biodiesel-producing plants to gold mine wastewater based on morpho-physiological properties. Four species namely jatropha (Jatropha curcas), castor bean (Ricinus communis), wild candlenut (Reutealis trisperma) and bead tree (Melia azedarach) were grown in water culture using Hoagland solution for 2 weeks and then treated with gold mining wastewater at 0% (control), 25%, 50%, and 75% (v/v) for 3 weeks. Growth, anatomical and physiological characteristics were observed during the treatment. The results showed that gold mine wastewater significantly decreased growth of the four species despite varied among the species. Wastewater had significant effect on leaves anatomy of Jatropha but not on others. It also significantly induced the increase of malondialdehyde (MDA) content in Jatropha and castor bean, but not in wild candlenut and bead-tree. Meanwhile, the treatment significantly decreased chlorophyll content of all species with the most in bead-tree plant, and leaves relative water content (RWC) particularly in castor bean and bead-tree plants. There was strong negative correlation between the increase of MDA content and the decrease of chlorophyll content and leaf RWC. Among the four species, wild candlenut (R. trisperma) was the most resistant to gold mine wastewater based on morphological and physiological properties

ANATOMI PARADERMAL DAUN ENAM JENIS TUMBUHAN PAKU MARGA Pteris

Pteris is a cosmopolitant fern genus inhabiting many kinds of habitats, mostly in forests. The genus grows as terrestrial or lithophyte. The high species diversity of Pteris was resulted from hybridization, apogamy or polyploidy, therefore complex species with continuous morphological characteristics often occur. This study was carried out to determine the role of paradermal anatomical characteristics as supporting data for species delimitation of Pteris. The study was done by observing anatomical characteristics of Pteris, namely stomatal size, epidermal shape and size, amplitude and wave length of sinousity, stomatal index and density, and the distribution of stomatal type. Six species of Pteris were observed, namely P. ensiformis Burm.f., P. fauriei Hieron., P. heteromorpha Fée, P. longipinnnula Wall. ex J. Agardh, P. tripartita Sw. and P. vittata L. The average of stomatal and epidermal size, as well as amplitude and wave length of anticlinal wall of the epidermal cells were relatively different for each species. The average of stomatal index and density were also different among species. Eight stomatal types were found to be distributed among the abaxial epidermis cells of Pteris. Six stomatal types were newly recorded for Pteris, namely anomocytic, pseudocopolocytic, hemiparacytic, cohemiparacytic, diacytic and brachyparacytic. The eight stomatal types were distributed among species with different combination and percentage of occurence. The quantitative characteristics of paradermal anatomy was not strong enough to support species delimitation in Pteris. However, the qualitative characteristics of paradermal anatomy seemed to be useful to support species delimitation of Pteris

Potensi Daun dari Enam Jenis Tumbuhan sebagai Pewarna Alami untuk Tekstil: The Leaf Potential of Six Plant Species as Natural Dyes for Textile

Penggunaan pewarna alami untuk tekstil memiliki keunggulan, antara lain ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi pemanfaatan enam jenis tumbuhan sebagai pewarna alami tekstil. Penelitian menggunakan bahan daun dari pucuk merah (Syzygium oleana), kayu manis (Cinnamomum burnamii), alpukat (Persea americana), jakaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), kayu putih (Eucalyptus sp.) dan lanang (Oroxylum indicum); tiga jenis mordan yaitu tawas, tunjung, kapur sirih; dan tiga jenis kain yaitu katun combed, katun primisima, dan sutera. Tahapan penelitian meliputi ekstraksi zat warna dari tumbuhan dan pencelupan kain yang sebelumnya telah diberi perlakuan mordan. Potensi sebagai pewarna dianalisis berdasarkan warna yang dihasilkan dan stabilitas warna. Identifikasi warna dilakukan menggunakan RGB (Red Green Blue) Color Chart Reader. Stabilitas warna diukur dengan uji tahan luntur warna terhadap proses pencucian mengacu SNI ISO 105-C06-2010. Penerapan ekstrak pewarna pada jenis kain berbeda yang diberi perlakuan mordan berbeda-beda menghasilkan variasi warna. Selain itu, pemberian mordan juga berpengaruh baik terhadap ketahanan luntur warna akibat pencucian. Semua ekstrak menghasilkan warna dan ketahanan luntur terbaik pada kain sutera yang diberi perlakuan mordan tunjung. Semua jenis tumbuhan dalam penelitian ini berpotensi sebagai pewarna tekstil, namun untuk mendapatkan hasil terbaik dalam penggunaannya perlu mempertimbangkan jenis kain dan mordan.The use of natural dyes for textile have advantages since they are enviromentally friendly. This study aims to analyzed the potential use of six plant species as natural dyes for textiles. This research used leaves of  pucuk merah (Syzygium oleana), cinnamon (Cinnamomum burnamii), avocado (Persea americana), jakaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus sp.), and lanang (Oroxylum indicum); three types of mordant (alum, ferrous sulphate, lime); and three types of fabrics (silk, combed cotton, primisima cotton). The research stages included extracting dyes from the leaves and dyeing fabrics that had previously been treated with mordant. The potential dye was analyzed based on the color and its stability on fabrics. The colors were identified using RGB (Red Green Blue) Color Chart Reader. Color stability was measured based on the fastness test against washing process referring to SNI ISO 105-C06-2010. The application of dyes on different types of fabrics which was treated with different mordants yield color variations. In addition, mordant has a good effect on color fastness. All extract showed the best color and fastness on silk fabric treated with ferous sulphate. The plant observed in this study have potential use as textile dyes, but it is necessary to consider the type of fabric and mordant to make the best results

ANATOMICAL INVESTIGATION OF FIVE GENERA THE LEAST-KNOWN TIMBER OF APOCYNACEAE AND THEIR POTENTIAL UTILIZATION

Doubtlessly, wood identification is critically important for a number of sectors, including government organizations, the wooden-based industry, museums, law enforcement, and scientists working in botany, ecology, forestry, and wood technology. Unfortunately, most wood species listed as “the least-known species” lack essential knowledge or their anatomical features and basic properties to promote their usage. This research aimed to investigate the anatomical characteristics and fiber quality of the least-known timber species of Apocynaceae family, which are authentic wood collection from Xylarium Bogoriense, namely, Ervatamia sphaerocarpa, E. aurantiaca, Kopsia flavida, Lepiniopsis ternatensis, Plumeria acuminata, P. rubra, and Voacanga foetida. Wood samples have indistinct growth ring boundaries, diffuse-porous vessels in diagonal and/or radial pattern, vessels in radial multiples of 4 or more cells, simple perforation plate, alternate intervessel pits; distinct borders of vessel-ray pits, similar with those of intervessel pits in size and shape throughout the ray cell, and septate fibers with simple pits to minutely bordered pits which are common in radial and tangential walls. Based on the fiber length and the derived values of fiber dimension, some species are classified into Quality Class II and III, and the rest of them are classified into Quality Class II or III for pulp and paper manufacturing. Based on general characteristics, commonly Apocynaceae can be used as handicrafts raw material. Based on the fiber quality, some species which are classified into Quality Class II, are predicted to have potential as pulp and paper material with medium quality

Buku saku pohon

judul asli: a dorling kindersleybook tress158 p. : il.; 18 cm