Optimal fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative control for a class of fourth-order nonlinear systems using imperialist competitive algorithms

The proportional integral derivative (PID) controller has gained wide acceptance and use as the most useful control approach in the industry. However, the PID controller lacks robustness to uncertainties and stability under disturbances. To address this problem, this paper proposes an optimal fuzzy-PID technique for a two-degree-of-freedom cart-pole system. Fuzzy rules can be combined with controllers such as PID to tune their coefficients and allow the controller to deliver substantially improved performance. To achieve this, the fuzzy logic method is applied in conjunction with the PID approach to provide essential control inputs and improve the control algorithm efficiency. The achieved control gains are then optimized via the imperialist competitive algorithm. Consequently, the objective function for the cart-pole system is regarded as the summation of the displacement error of the cart, the angular error of the pole, and the control force. This control concept has been tested via simulation and experimental validations. Obtained results are presented to confirm the accuracy and efficiency of the suggested method. © 2022 S. Hadipour Lakmesari et al

Investigation of chromosomal abnormalities and microdeletion/ microduplication(s) in fifty Iranian patients with multiple congenital anomalies

Objective: Major birth defects are inborn structural or functional anomalies with long-term disability and adverse impacts on individuals, families, health-care systems, and societies. Approximately 20 of birth defects are due to chromosomal and genetic conditions. Inspired by the fact that neonatal deaths are caused by birth defects in about 20 and 10 of cases in Iran and worldwide respectively, we conducted the present study to unravel the role of chromosome abnormalities, including microdeletion/microduplication(s), in multiple congenital abnormalities in a number of Iranian patients. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 50 sporadic patients with Multiple Congenital Anomalies (MCA) were selected. The techniques employed included conventional karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and array comparative genomic hybridisation (array-CGH), according to the clinical diagnosis for each patient. Results: Chromosomal abnormalities and microdeletion/microduplication(s) were observed in eight out of fifty patients (16). The abnormalities proved to result from the imbalances in chromosomes 1, 3, 12, and 18 in four of the patients. However, the other four patients were diagnosed to suffer from the known microdeletions of 22q11.21, 16p13.3, 5q35.3, and 7q11.23. Conclusion: In the present study, we report a patient with 46,XY, der(18)12/46,XY, der(18), +mar8 dn presented with MCA associated with hypogammaglobulinemia. Given the patient�s seemingly rare and highly complex chromosomal abnormality and the lack of any concise mechanism presented in the literature to justify the case, we hereby propose a novel mechanism for the formation of both derivative and ring chromosome 18. In addition, we introduce a new 12q abnormality and a novel association of an Xp22.33 duplication with 1q43q44 deletion syndrome. The phenotype analysis of the patients with chromosome abnormality would be beneficial for further phenotype-genotype correlation studies. © 2019 Royan Institute (ACECR). All rights reserved

The first Iranian case of N-acetyl-Glutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency treated with N-carbamylglutamate

Background: N-acetyl-glutamate synthase (NAGS) deficiency is a rare cause of severe neonatal hyperammonemia. Case report: An 8-day old boy, who was born of non-consanguineous Iranian parents by cesarean section, was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due to poor feeding, unconsciousness, and seizures. High Ammonia (920 µmol/L, ref. G (p.Leu391Arg) and the known change in exon 6c.1450T>C (p.Trp484Arg) on the paternal allele. Carglumic acid (Carbaglu®, Orphan Europe Recordati, Paris, France) was started and ammonia declined to normal (55 µmol/l) after 24 hours, for the first time ever in the patient. Based on the severe neurological impairment due to the initial hyperammonemic crisis and difficulties to access to the drug in Iran, a decision was made with the parents to stop treatment with carglumic acid (while sodium benzoate and sodium phenylbutyrate were continued) and the patient died five days later due to hyperammonemic decompensation. Conclusion: NAGS deficiency, although rare, seems to be panethnic. Thus, in case of hyperammonemia without orotic aciduria but with low plasma citrulline, NAGS deficiency should be considered and a trial with carglumic acid started as early as possible. Our case demonstrates that the prognosis of neonatal onset NAGS deficiency largely depends on early recognition and start of therapy

Correlation level in superconducting Sr2RuO4 system studied by ab-initio LSDA & LSDA+U calculations

We have calculated the electronic structure of Sr2RuO4 using the full potential linearized augmented plane wave method in the spin polarized local density approximation. By this calculation, we identify the contribution of different electronic states near Fermi surface and study some electronic parameters like crystal electric field, exchange splitting, and hybridization between different atoms. Calculations are performed in two different approaches: LSDA and LSDA+U. By applying U, we have aimed to measure the electrons correlation near Fermi surface. Thereupon, we will answer if this system realm on the correlated systems region or not

Administering crocin ameliorates anxiety-like behaviours and reduces the inflammatory response in amyloid-beta induced neurotoxicity in rat

Anxiety, hippocampus synaptic plasticity deficit, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines, are involved in Alzheimer�s disease (AD). The present study is designed to evaluate the possible therapeutic effect of crocin on anxiety-like behaviours, hippocampal synaptic plasticity and neuronal shape, as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus using in vivo amyloid-beta (Aβ) models of AD. The Aβ peptide (1�42) was bilaterally injected into the frontal-cortex. Five hours after the surgery, the rats were given intraperitoneal (IP) crocin (30 mg/kg) daily up to 12 days. Elevated plus maze results showed that crocin treatment after bilateral Aβ injection significantly increased the percentage of spent time into open arms, frequency of entries, and percentage of entries into open arms as compared with the Aβ group. In the open field test, the Aβ+crocin group showed a higher percentage of spent time in the centre and frequency of entries into central zone as compare with the Aβ treated animals. Administering crocin increased the number of soma, dendrites and axonal arbores in the CA1 neurons among the rats with Aβ neurotoxicity. Cresyl violet (CV) staining showed that crocin increased the number of CV-positive cells in the CA1 region of the hippocampus compared with the Aβ group. Silver-nitrate staining indicated that crocin reduced neurofibrillary tangle formation induced by Aβ. Crocin treatment attenuated the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β mRNA in the hippocampus compared with the Aβ group. Our results suggest that crocin attenuated Aβ-induced anxiety-like behaviours and neuronal damage, and synaptic plasticity loss in hippocampal CA1 neurons may via its anti-inflammatory effects. © 2021 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Lt

Triploidy in a fetus following amniocentesis referred for maternal serum screening test at second trimester

Amniocentesis was carried out at 17 weeks gestation in a 27-year-old woman, following an abnormal maternal serum screening (MSS) test. MSS test was carried out primarily to estimate the risk of trisomy for chromosome 21. The maternal serum markers used were alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), and unconjugated estriol (uE3), together with maternal age. The fetus was identified as screen-positive for Edward’s syndrome (trisomy 18), with low uE3, normal AFP and hCG levels. The calculated risk for trisomy 18 was more than 1:50. To identify any possible chromosomal abnormality, cytogenetic investigation was carried out on the amniotic fluid sample. The fetus’s karyotype showed triploidy with 69, XXX chromosome complement in all the metaphase spreads obtained from three different cultures, using GTG banding technique. Upon termination of the fetus, gross abnormalities indicative of triploidy were present in the fetus

Re-evaluating Risk Factors, Incidence, and Outcome of Aneurysmal and Non-aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Population-based Registry Study from Isfahan Province, Iran, 2016-2020

INTRODUCTION: Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is one of the world's most life-threatening types of stroke. SAH can be classified into two main categories, aneurysmal (aSAH) and non-aneurysmal SAH (naSAH). In the present study, we aimed to prospectively evaluate SAH and its subcategories incidences, risk factors (RF), complications and outcomes in central Iran. METHODS: All SAH patients diagnosed between 2016-2020 were included in Isfahan SAH Registry (ISR). Demographic, clinical characteristics, incidence rates (based on age categories), and laboratory/imaging findings were collected and compared between aSAH and naSAH subgroups. Complications during hospital stay and outcomes were also analyzed. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the predictors of aSAH versus naSAH. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used to evaluate the survival probability. RESULTS: A total of 461 SAH patients were included through ISR. The SAH annual incidence rate was 3.11 per 100,000 person-years. aSAH had higher incidence rate than naSAH (2.08/100,000 versus 0.9/100,00 person-years). In-hospital mortality was 18.2 with no significant difference between aSAH and naSAH subgroups. Hypertension (p=0.003) and smoking (p=0.03) were significantly associated with aSAH, whereas DM (p<0.001) was more associated with naSAH. After Cox regression analysis, there were higher hazard ratios for reduced in-hospital survival in conditions including altered mental status, Glasgow coma scale </=13, rebleeding and seizures. CONCLUSION: This study provided an updated estimation of SAH and its subgroups incidences in central Iran. Risk factors for aSAH are comparable to the ones reported in the literature. It is noteworthy that DM was associated with a higher incidence of naSAH in our cohort