On the Relationship between Stock Returns and Trading Volume: A Case Study

This article focuses on the experiment about the causality relationship between the stock returns and the trading volume of the member companies at Tehran Stock Market. Accordingly, the seasonal data from these companies within the years 1996 to 2009 are used to estimate the vector error correction model. The results obtained from the Philips–Perron Unit Root Test demonstrated that the above mentioned variables are integrated of the order one and thus there is a long run equilibrium relationship between them. The estimation from the error correction model proved that there is a positive and bidirectional relationship between these variables. However the stock returns has a stronger effect on the trading volume. Therefore, through a psychological analysis, the "Mass Behavior" hypothesis in the said stock market is not approved. Moreover, the estimation of the error correction coefficient indicated that balancing the said variables towards the long run equilibrium volumes, is slow

Comparison of fentanyl and combination of pethedine and midazolam for pain control during extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

زمینه و هدف: با توجه به لزوم کنترل درد حین سنگ شکن، این مطالعه با هدف مقایسه کارآیی و عوارض داروی مخدر فنتانیل با ترکیب پتیدین و میدازولام جهت کنترل درد حین عمل سنگ شکن ضربه ای برون اندامی انجام شد. روش بررسی: در این کار آزمایی بالینی یک سو کور 89 بیمار با سن بالاتر از 18 سال واجد شرایط انجام عمل سنگ شکن ضربه ای برون اندامی به صورت تصادفی به دو گروه مداخله (45 نفر) و کنترل (44 نفر) تقسیم شدند. در بیماران گروه مداخله 1 میکروگرم بر کیلوگرم فنتانیل و در گروه کنترل 7/. میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم پتیدین و 02/. میلی گرم بر کیلوگرم میدازولام به صورت وریدی تزریق شد. سپس در هر دو گروه، سنگ شکن به روش استاندارد انجام و شدت درد حین عمل هر 20 دقیقه و دو ساعت بعد از عمل با مقیاس سنجش درد (VAS) اندازه گیری شد. کارآیی عمل بر اساس پیگیری های بعدی بیماران ارزیابی شد. داده ها به کمک آزمون آماری کای دو تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: گر چه فراوانی عدم درد و درد خفیف در گروه مداخله (به ترتیب 6/26 و 4/24) و فراوانی درد شدید در گروه کنترل بالاتر (5/32) بود ولی این اختلاف معنی دار نبود. همچنین نتایج بررسی میزان کارآیی عمل در بیماران دو گروه مداخله و کنترل تفاوت معنی داری را نشان نداد. نتیجه گیری: فنتانیل تزریقی با دوز کم مانند ترکیب پتیدین و میدازولام در کنترل درد حین عمل سنگ شکنی برون اندامی دارویی با عوارض کم و کارآیی مناسب است و می تواند به صورت سرپایی مورد استفاده قرار گیر

On the Relationship between Stock Returns and Trading Volume: A Case Study

This article focuses on the experiment about the causality relationship between the stock returns and the trading volume of the member companies at Tehran Stock Market. Accordingly, the seasonal data from these companies within the years 1996 to 2009 are used to estimate the vector error correction model. The results obtained from the Philips–Perron Unit Root Test demonstrated that the above mentioned variables are integrated of the order one and thus there is a long run equilibrium relationship between them. The estimation from the error correction model proved that there is a positive and bidirectional relationship between these variables. However the stock returns has a stronger effect on the trading volume. Therefore, through a psychological analysis, the "Mass Behavior" hypothesis in the said stock market is not approved. Moreover, the estimation of the error correction coefficient indicated that balancing the said variables towards the long run equilibrium volumes, is slow

Comparison of Different Levels of Vitamin Premix on Meat Lipid Oxidation in Floor and Battery Cage Broiler Raising Systems

A total of 1260 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated to 7 treatment groups (different levels and access time to vitamin premix (VP)) at 29 to 42 days of age, in floor system (Experiment 1) and battery cage system (Experiment 2). The oxidative stability was evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) on the thigh yield that were storage for 180 days in -20˚C. Results of experiment 1 showed that VP reduction and withdrawal from 29 d of age did not impair body weight, feed intake and feed conversion ratio during the final period of treatments (29-42d).Results of experiment 2 showed that there were no significant differences in the birds’ performance with reduction or withdrawal of VP from diets in 29-35 days among the experimental groups, but in 36-42 days of age, the performance of the group of birds fed with diet without VP (T1) was significantly lower than other groups. The results of experiment 2 showed that the performance of birds fed with diet without VP was significantly lower than other treatments in 36-42 days of age. The results of TBARS values in experiment 1 for thigh meat samples of birds slaughtered at 42 days of age showed that TBARS values of treatments without VP were significantly higher than other treatments. However in experiment 2, TBARS values of treatments without VP and with 33% VP were significantly higher than other treatments for birds slaughtered at 42 days of age. Finally, the results of this study demonstrate firstly that it is not possible to withdraw but it can be possible to reduce VP in finisher broiler's diets without negative effects on performance and meat quality during the time of freezing in both methods of rearing. Secondly, it is possible to reduce the VP levels in diet of broilers reared in floor system more than battery cage system

First identification of excited states in the Tz_z = 1/2 nucleus 93^{93}Pd

The first experimental information about excited states in the N = Z + 1 nucleus 93Pd is presented. The experiment was performed using a 205 MeV 58Ni beam from the Vivitron accelerator at IReS, Strasbourg, impinging on a bismuth-backed 40Ca target. Gamma-rays, neutrons and charged particles emitted in the reactions were detected using the Ge detector array Euroball, the Neutron Wall liquid-scintillator array and the Euclides Si charged-particle detector system. The experimental level scheme is compared with the results of new shell model calculations which predict a coupling scheme with aligned neutron-proton pairs to greatly influence the level structure of $N\approx Z$ nuclei at low excitation energies

Direct reactions for nuclear structure required for fundamental symmetry tests

A program of nuclear structure studies to support fundamental symmetry tests has been initiated. Motivated by the search for an electric dipole moment in Hg-199, the structure in the vicinity has been explored via direct reaction studies. To date, these have included the Hg-198,Hg-200(d, d') inelastic scattering reactions, with the aim to obtain information on the E2 and E3 strength distributions, and the Hg-198(d, p) and Hg-200(d, t) reactions to obtain information on the single-particle states in 199Hg. The studies using the 200Hg targets have been fully analyzed using the FRESCO reaction code yielding the E2 and E3 strength distribution to 4 MeV in excitation energy, and the (d, t) single-particle strength to over 3 MeV in excitation energy