Accessory Belly of the Plantaris Muscle and its Clinical Relevance

The plantaris muscle is accessory flexor group muscle of the lower leg. The muscle originates from the lower part of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and the oblique popliteal ligament, inserted medial to calcaneal tuberosity. During the routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students we encountered accessory plantaris muscle originating medial side of the femoral condyle and capsular ligament. Both the normal lateral and accessory medial tendons fused to form long slender tendon and inserted medial to calcaneal tuberosity. Knowledge of variable origin, course and the insertion of the plantaris muscle is important for surgeons performing various reconstructive surgeries

Accessory Belly of the Plantaris Muscle and its Clinical Relevance

The plantaris muscle is accessory flexor group muscle of the lower leg. The muscle originates from the lower part of the lateral supracondylar line of the femur and the oblique popliteal ligament, inserted medial to calcaneal tuberosity.  During the routine dissection for the undergraduate medical students we encountered accessory plantaris muscle originating medial side of the femoral condyle and capsular ligament. Both the normal lateral and accessory medial tendons fused to form long slender tendon and inserted medial to calcaneal tuberosity. Knowledge of variable origin, course and the insertion of the plantaris muscle is important for surgeons performing various reconstructive surgeries

CASE REPORT ON UNILATERAL SEGMENTAL CALCIFICATION OF STYLOHYOID LIGAMENT

An unusual case of a unilaterally elongated styloid process with a length of 6.8 cm was found on orthopantomogram (OPG) of male patient. The patient reported with ipsilateralotalgia presumably due to nerve compression from the elongated styloid process. The symptomatology appeared by such an anatomical variant as well as relative literature is discussed in the present case. KEYWORDS: Styloid process; Otalgia; Stylohyoid ligament; orthopantomogram

CASE REPORT ON UNILATERAL SEGMENTAL CALCIFICATION OF STYLOHYOID LIGAMENT

An unusual case of a unilaterally elongated styloid process with a length of 6.8 cm was found on orthopantomogram (OPG) of male patient. The patient reported with ipsilateralotalgia presumably due to nerve compression from the elongated styloid process. The symptomatology appeared by such an anatomical variant as well as relative literature is discussed in the present case. KEYWORDS: Styloid process; Otalgia; Stylohyoid ligament; orthopantomogram

STUDY ON VARIATIONS IN THE BRANCHING PATTERN OF ARCH OF AORTA

The most common branching pattern of the aortic arch in humans comprises of three great vessels, during the routine dissection for 1st MBBS we encountered variations in the branches of arch of aorta, so the study was conducted to know the percentage and common type of variations. The study was performed on thirty hearts, among the 30 hearts 28 were adult formalin preserved cadavers and two were pre-dissected separate hearts with the aortic arches en-bloc. The sex and age of the cadavers were not assessed in the study. A study was conducted for a period of two years. The purpose of the study was to measure the percent of variation in the branching pattern of an arch of aorta. The most common branching pattern of the aortic arch in humans comprises of three great vessels; first, the brachiocephalic trunk, then the left common carotid artery and finally the subclavian artery. In the present study the most common aortic arch branching pattern was found in 86.67%, additional artery that is four branches were observed in 10% of the cases and two arteries from the arch of aorta, were noted in 3.33% of the case studied. Different branching patterns of the arch of aorta observed in this study and these can assist surgeons in performing safe and effective surgeries in the superior mediastinum.Â

Variability in the Origin of the Obturator Artery

INTRODUCTION: General surgeons dealing with laparoscopic herniorrhaphy should be aware of the aberrant obturator artery that crosses the superior pubic ramus and is susceptible to injuries during dissection of the Bogros space and mesh stapling onto Cooper's ligament. The obturator artery is usually described as a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery, although variations have been reported. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present study was conducted on 98 pelvic halves of embalmed cadavers, and the origin and course of the obturator artery were traced and noted. RESULTS: In 79% of the specimens, the obturator artery was a branch of the internal iliac artery. It branched off at different levels either from the anterior division or posterior division, individually or with other named branches. In 19% of the cases, the obturator artery branched off from the external iliac artery as a separate branch or with the inferior epigastric artery. However, in the remaining 2% of the specimens, both the internal and the external iliac arteries branched to form an anastomotic structure within the pelvic cavity. CONCLUSION: The data obtained in this study show that it is more common to find an abnormal obturator artery than was reported previously, and this observation has implications for pelvic surgeons and is of academic interest to anatomists. Surgeons dealing with direct, indirect, femoral, or obturator hernias need to be aware of these variations and their close proximity to the femoral ring

Double profunda brachii artery

Brachial artery (BA) is a continuation of the axillary artery at the lower border of teres major. In the cubital fossa, BA divides into radial artery and ulnar artery as terminal branches. Large branch given from the BA in the upper part is profunda brachii artery. In the present case, we noticed double profunda brachii that arises from the BA. They are profunda brachii artery 1 and profunda brachii artery 2. Profunda brachii artery 1 arises in the proximal part of the BA and profunda brachii artery 2 arises distal to the profunda brachii artery 1. Both the arteries run inferolaterally in the spiral groove along with radial nerve. Variations of profunda brachii artery are important during harvesting of the lateral arm flaps and may lead to inadvertent injury during percutaneous arterial catheterization or injection of drugs

Bilateral elongated styloid process: Its anatomical, embryological and clinical implications

The styloid process is a slender, elongated, cylindrical bony projection from temporal bone. It normally varies in length from 2 cm to 3 cm. During a routine demonstration of skull for MBBS students we found the bilateral elongated styloid process in dry human skull. The length of elongation measured on the right and left side was 6.0 & 5.9 cms respectively. Such abnormal elongation of the styloid process may cause compression on a number of vital vessels and nerves related to it, producing inflammatory changes that include continuous chronic pain in the pharyngeal region. Mechanical stresses stretching the second brachial arch during fetal development probably induce variable involvement of Reichert’s cartilage in morphogenesis of the styloid process. It is important that clinicians especially dentists and otolaryngologists are aware of the natural variations of the styloid process and do not consider the styloid process with a length of 30 mm as an abnormality or as an anomaly

ADVERSE SKIN REACTIONS OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT ON HEALTH CARE WORKERS AGAINST COVID -19

The coronavirus outbreak, which was first detected in China, has infected people in 185 countries. COVID-19 is a pneumonia-like disease caused by a new coronavirus, named SARS-CoV-2, that is similar to the virus that causes Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To study the prevalence of adverse reactions of wearing PPE among healthcare workers in Karnataka India during the Covid -19 outbreak. Twenty-one-day observation were made on twenty laboratory health workers and observed hazardous skin effect on health workers wearing PPE long hours during working period. long hour wearing of PPE in our study found respiratory complications, sweating and skin damage. Adequate dermatological knowledge of PPE use and design and extensive comprehensive training is important in risk of pandemic outbreak

Panoramic Radiographic Study on Location of Mental Foramen in Patients of Orthodontic Treatment

Background: Information on the location of the mental foramen is the need for various purposes in dental treatment. Variations in its position can be a cause of complications during local anesthesia or surgical procedures. The usual position of the mental foramen in the Vijayapur population has not been previously reported. Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the most common location of the mental foramen in Vijayapur population. Materials and Methods: 291 panoramic radiographs were evaluated with regard to only the position of mental foramen foramina in male and female subjects. Results: We found that the position of mental foramen was most common is in line with second premolar (54.2%) and second common in between the first and second premolar (37.5%). Conclusions: Based on this study it appears that the most common position of mental foramen is either between the two premolars or in line with the second premolar. This is in concordance with previous studies. Keywords: Mandible; mental foramen; mental nerve; panoramic; radiography