CAUSTIQUES EN CHAMP PROCHE GENEREES PAR DES PARTICULES TRANSPARENTES RECONSTRUCTION PAR HOLOGRAPHIE NUMERIQUE EN LIGNE

International audienceL'holographie numerique en ligne est une technique d'imagerie volumetrique particulierement adaptee a la caracterisation spatiale (position, vitesse et tailles/morphologies) des ecoulements particulaires dilues. Dans de nombreux domaines la connaissance de la composition des particules est aussi d'un grand interet. Nous realisons cette mesure avec l'holographie numerique en ligne par l'analyse du champ proche des particules. Dans cette region les contributions des differents processus de diffusion de la lumiere peuvent etre plus facilement distinguees et notamment les caracteristiques du jet photonique (caustique vers l'avant generee par les rayons simplement refractes). La localisation dans l'espace du maximum d'intensite de cette caustique permet d'estimer l'indice de refraction relatif des particules. Dans cette communication, nous montrons que, dans le cadre de l'approximation de Fresnel de la diffraction scalaire, le jet photonique reconstruit par holographie numerique correspond a la tache d'Airy d'une lentille spherique. Par analogie avec les notions d'images virtuelles et reelles employees en optique pour les lentilles convergentes et divergentes, cette tache est restituee de facon reelle pour les particules ayant un indice relatif superieur a un et de facon virtuelle pour les particules dont l'indice relatif est plus petit que l'unite. Ceci fournit une solution simple et numeriquement tres efficace pour differencier ou caracteriser la composition des particules solides, liquides ou gazeuses. Une validation experimentale en laboratoire sur un ecoulement triphasique montre qu'il est desormais possible d'obtenir simultanement la position dans l'espace, la vitesse, la trajectoire, la taille et la composition de particules en ecoulement

Attitudes toward depression among Japanese non-psychiatric medical doctors: A cross-sectional study

Abstract Background: Under-recognition of depression is common in many countries. Education of medical staff, focusing on their attitudes towards depression, may be necessary to change their behavior and enhance recognition of depression. Several studies have previously reported on attitudes toward depression among general physicians. However, little is known about attitudes of non-psychiatric doctors in Japan. In the present study, we surveyed nonpsychiatric doctors’ attitude toward depression. Methods: The inclusion criteria of participants in the present study were as follows: 1) Japanese non-psychiatric doctors and 2) attendees in educational opportunities regarding depression care. We conveniently approached two populations: 1) a workshop to depression care for non-psychiatric doctors and 2) a general physician-psychiatrist (GP)network group. We contacted 367 subjects. Attitudes toward depression were measured using the Depression Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ), a 20-item self-report questionnaire developed for general physicians. We report scores of each DAQ item and factors derived from exploratory factor analysis. Results: We received responses from 230 subjects, and we used DAQ data from 187 non-psychiatric doctors who met the inclusion criteria. All non-psychiatric doctors (n = 187) disagreed with "I feel comfortable in dealing with depressed patients' needs," while 60 % (n = 112) agreed with "Working with depressed patients is heavy going." Factor analysis indicated these items comprised a factor termed "Depression should be treated by psychiatrists" - to which 54 % of doctors (n = 101) agreed. Meanwhile, 67 % of doctors (n = 126) thought that nurses could be useful in depressed patient support. The three factors derived from the Japanese DAQ differed from models previously derived from British GP samples. The attitude of Japanese non-psychiatric doctors concerning whether depression should be treated by psychiatrists was markedly different to that of British GPs. Conclusions: Japanese non-psychiatric doctors believe that depression care is beyond the scope of their duties. It is suggested that educational programs or guidelines for depression care developed in other countries such as the UK are not directly adaptable for Japanese non-psychiatric doctors. Developing a focused educational program that motivates non-psychiatric doctors to play a role in depression care is necessary to enhance recognition and treatment of depression in Japan

Construção da primeira micoteca de Mycosphaerella Musicola Leach do Estado da Bahia.

O fungo Mycosphaerella musicola Leach é o agente causal da Sigatoka-amarela em bananeira. Essa doença é reduz da área foliar verde da planta, refletindo em menor produtividade. O objetivo do trabalho foi iniciar uma coleção de isolados de M. musicola coletados no Estado da Bahia. As amostras foram coletadas nas principais microrregiões produtoras de banana, a saber: Bom Jesus da Lapa ( Bom Jesus da Lapa), Ilhéus-Itabuna ( Presidente Tancredo Neves, Wenceslau Guimarães, Barro Preto, Gandu e Teolândia), Valença ( Morro de São Paulo) e Vitória da Conquista (Morro de São Paulo). A partir de 141 amostras coletadas consegui-se isolar e preservar 56 isolados (39,72%) em duplicata nos métodos de Castellani, BDA, BDA+Glicerol, Tiras de papel e Esferas de vidro. A primeira micoteca de Mycosphaerella musicola Leach do Estado da Bahia está sendo construída

Variabilidade genética de isolados do fungo causador da Sigatoka- Amarela em bananeira no Estado da Bahia com o uso de SSR.

A bananeira assume importância econômica e social em todo o mundo, cultivada em mais de 130 países tropicais e subtropicais, principalmente por pequenos agricultores. O Brasil, em 2010 produziu 6,9 milhões de toneladas em uma área de 487 mil ha (FAO, 2012). Esta cultura apresenta importância na geração de empregos, sendo responsável pela renda de milhões de famílias. Embora este cenário seja bastante promissor, a maioria das variedades de bananeira disponível é suscetível à Sigatoka-amarela, causada pelo fungo Mycosphaerella musicola Leach, onde a aplicação sistemática de fungicidas ainda é a principal meio de controle.1 CD-ROM

Construção de micoteca de Mycosphaerella musicola no Estado da Bahia.

A cultura da bananeira assume importância econômica e social em todo o mundo sendo cultivada em mais de 130 países tropicais e subtropicais, principalmente por pequenos agricultores. No Brasil, a Região Nordeste se destaca, representando 40% da produção nacional e o Estado da Bahia se posiciona em primeiro lugar, sendo responsável pela renda de milhões de famílias no nordeste do país

Critical heat flux (CHF) phenomenon on a downward facing curved surface

This report describes a theoretical and experimental study of the boundary layer boiling and critical heat flux phenomena on a downward facing curved heating surface, including both hemispherical and toroidal surfaces. A subscale boundary layer boiling (SBLB) test facility was developed to measure the spatial variation of the critical heat flux and observe the underlying mechanisms. Transient quenching and steady-state boiling experiments were performed in the SBLB facility under both saturated and subcooled conditions to obtain a complete database on the critical heat flux. To complement the experimental effort, an advanced hydrodynamic CHF model was developed from the conservation laws along with sound physical arguments. The model provides a clear physical explanation for the spatial variation of the CHF observed in the SBLB experiments and for the weak dependence of the CHF data on the physical size of the vessel. Based upon the CHF model, a scaling law was established for estimating the local critical heat flux on the outer surface of a heated hemispherical vessel that is fully submerged in water. The scaling law, which compares favorably with all the available local CHF data obtained for various vessel sizes, can be used to predict the local CHF limits on large commercial-size vessels. This technical information represents one of the essential elements that is needed in assessing the efficacy of external cooling of core melt by cavity flooding as a severe accident management strategy. 83 figs., 3 tabs

Universal Critical Behavior of Aperiodic Ferromagnetic Models

We investigate the effects of geometric fluctuations, associated with aperiodic exchange interactions, on the critical behavior of $q$-state ferromagnetic Potts models on generalized diamond hierarchical lattices. For layered exchange interactions according to some two-letter substitutional sequences, and irrelevant geometric fluctuations, the exact recursion relations in parameter space display a non-trivial diagonal fixed point that governs the universal critical behavior. For relevant fluctuations, this fixed point becomes fully unstable, and we show the apperance of a two-cycle which is associated with a novel critical behavior. We use scaling arguments to calculate the critical exponent $\alpha$ of the specific heat, which turns out to be different from the value for the uniform case. We check the scaling predictions by a direct numerical analysis of the singularity of the thermodynamic free-energy. The agreement between scaling and direct calculations is excellent for stronger singularities (large values of $q$). The critical exponents do not depend on the strengths of the exchange interactions.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure (included), RevTeX, submitted to Phys. Rev. E as a Rapid Communicatio