ANÁLISE DO PROCESSO DE GESTÃO NO SETOR DE HABITAÇÃO: O CASO COHAB/ACRE

Este artigo é uma síntese da dissertação de mestrado,visando esclarecer as facilidades e dificuldades encontradas pela Companhia de Habitação do Estado do Acre, no que concerne à elaboração, implantação e execução de um Modelo de Gestão para o Setor Habitacional que seja capaz de modernizar- se, contemplando a reestruturação organizacional e a viabilidade de ações estratégicas no avanço dos projetos de engenharia e inclusão social. Estes projetos teriam como finalidade a redução do déficit habitacional e sua maior participação na formulação das políticas públicas no Estado do Acre. O artigo discute a articulação conjunta do planejamento estratégico e a gestão estratégica, -This article is a synthesis of my master thesis, which aims at showing the favorable conditions and the difficulties found by the Housing Company in the State of Acre in the elaboration, implementation and execution of a Management Model capable of modernizing the Housing Sector: restructuring its organization and providing strategic actions to monitor the engineering projects designed to reduce habitation deficit and social inclusion. The article discusses the simultaneous articulation of Strategic Planning and Strategic Management, taking into consideration the proposals of many authors and experts in the area of strategic enterprise related to the formulation of public management. The study enmphasizes he importance of registering the history of housing in Brazil, and, especially, the solutions found for solving social problems. The role of BNH in the construction of a developmental policy for the sector is studied; besides, the difficulties faced by COHAB all over Brazil are examined. There are good perspectives for the companies with mix economy to retake their social, economical and political role in local realities. The strategic integration and alliance of the Company of Habitation of the State of Acre with municipal and state government is suggested in order to intensify their participation in the social and economical development process of the region. tomando como referências as proposições de vários autores, estudiosos e pesquisadores na área de estratégia empresarial. Quanto à formulação da gestão pública, ressalta-se a importância de se resgatar a história da habitação no Brasil no equacionamento da problemática social. Vale ressaltar o papel do BNH – Banco  Nacional de Habitação na construção de uma política desenvolvimentista para o setor, além de explicitar as dificuldades e desafios enfrentados pelas COHAB’s – Companhias de Habitação em todo o país. Sinaliza-se uma saída para a empresa de economia mista, no sentido retomar seu papel social, econômico e político diante da realidade regional. Sugere-se a integração e a aliança estratégica da Companhia de Habitação do Estado do Acre com os governos federal, estadual e municipal de modo a intensificar, ainda mais, sua participação no processo de desenvolvimento social e econômico da Amazônia

Multi-objective optimisation of bio-based thermal insulation materials in building envelopes considering condensation risk

The reduction in energy demand for heating and cooling with insulation materials increases the material related environmental impact. Thus, implementing low embodied energy materials may equilibrate this trade-off. Actual trends in passive house postulate bio-based materials as an alternative to conventional ones. Despite that, the implementation of those insulators should be carried out with a deeper analysis due to their hygroscopic properties. The moisture transfer, the associated condensation risk and the energy consumption for seven biobased materials and polyurethane for a building-like cubicle are analysed. The performance is evaluated combining a software application to model the cubicle (EnergyPlus) and a tool to optimize its performance (jEPlus). The novelty of this optimization approach is to include and evaluate the effects of moisture in these insulation materials, taking into account the mass transfer through the different layers and the evaporation of the different materials. This methodology helps optimise the insulation type and thickness verifying the condensation risk, preventing the deterioration of the materials. The total cost of the different solutions is quantified, and the environmental impact is determined using the life cycle assessment methodology. The effect of climate conditions and the envelope configuration, as well as the risk of condensation, are quantified. The results show that cost and environmental impact can be reduced if bio-based materials are used instead of conventional ones, especially in semiarid climates. Condensation risk occurs for large thicknesses and in humid climates. In our case studies, hemp offered the most balanced solution.The authors would like to acknowledge financial support from the Spanish Government (CTQ2016-77968-C3-1-P, ENE2015-64117-C5-1-R, ENE2015-64117-C5-3-R, MINECO/FEDER, UE). The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Commission Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. PIRSES-GA-2013-610692 (INNOSTORAGE). This project has received funding the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under grant agreement No 657466 (INPATH-TES). This article has been possible with the support of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) and the Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV) (FJCI-2016-28789). Authors would like to acknowledge the Brazilian Government for their support by the CNPq (National Council for Scientific and Technological Development). M.P. would like to thank the Brazilian Education Ministry for the financial support received under the PNPD/Capes fellowship. L.F.C. would like to thank the Catalan Government for the quality accreditation given to her research group GREA (2014 SGR 123)

Análisis de la perspectiva del usuario con respecto a los edificios con fardos de paja: Un estudio de encuesta

The present investigation aims to evaluate straw bales buildings users’ satisfaction in terms of product performance. The proposed objective was achieved through a survey applied to a sample of 75 owners around the world. The results indicate that the straw bale technique was chosen by most participants due to the sustainability provided by the system. More than half of respondents said construction was more expensive than expected, but 84% of respondents consider maintenance costs low. External plaster was the constructive element that needed more maintenance over the years. Plumbing was the most outsourced specialized service during construction. All participants reported that they are satisfied with their buildings and 96% said they would use this method again.La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la satisfacción de los usuarios de los edificios de fardos de paja en términos de rendimiento del producto. El objetivo propuesto se logró a través de una encuesta aplicada a una muestra de 75 propietarios en todo el mundo. Los resultados indican que la mayoría de los participantes eligieron la técnica del fardo de paja debido a la sostenibilidad que brinda el sistema. Más de la mitad de los entrevistados dijeron que la construcción fue más cara de lo esperado, pero 84% consideran que los costes de mantenimiento son bajos. El yeso exterior fue el elemento constructivo que más mantenimiento necesitó a lo largo de los años. La fontanería fue el servicio especializado más subcontratado durante la construcción. Todos los participantes informaron que están satisfechos con sus edificios y el 96% dijo que volverían a utilizar este método

SHS (Simple Housing Solution) Methodology: Community (Re) Building in Critical Situations

The SHS - Simple Housing Solution - methodology helps to facilitate the process of (re) construction in critical situations (post-disaster, post-conflict, refugee settlement, relocation of populations from risk areas, among others). It was conceived with the philosophy of gathering basic knowledge that can be useful in the (re) construction of housing units and basic collective equipment (such as schools, health clinics), in a joint effort (community working system), using low cost constructive technologies. The idea is to help communities that are victims of disasters and conflicts to better organize their own recovery, and provide help via the guidance and supervision of qualified technical assistants (engineers and / or architects) who can be hired by the local community, government or NGOs, for these purposes. This paper aims to present the Simple Housing Solution methodology and the main results of SHS Project, focusing on investigations related to the construction technology of partially reinforced masonry with soil-cement bricks. Currently, new research is being conducted to improve the existing model of residency for critical situations, seeking to broaden its working range. After the current phase is concluded, the next step will be the construction of a prototype house in natural scale, on a seismic platform, to study the effects of simulated seismic actions on the house. In order to achieve this task, financial support is sought from sponsors, as well as technical cooperation with LNEC - National Laboratory of Civil Engineering, in Portugal. Keywords: Disaster recovery, housing recovery, conflict recovery, refugee settlements, risk managemen

Sustainability Indicators to Assess Infrastructure Projects: Sector Disclosure to Interlock with the Global Reporting Initiative

Infrastructure projects have great potential to impact the sustainability of cities due to typically being large-sized projects and having a high level of intervention. Thus, evaluating the sustainability of these projects through sustainability reports is highly relevant, mainly regarding their impacts on the environment, public health, and the local economy. The Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) is the most widespread and internationally accepted Sustainability report tool. However, the GRI does not have an infrastructure sector disclosure. This research addresses this gap by providing a sustainability assessment instrument for infrastructure projects that interlocks with the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). An extensive and detailed literature review was conducted, identifying 97 potential indicators to measure the sustainability of infrastructure projects. These indicators were evaluated following a top-down approach, conducting a survey of professionals experienced in the relevant field using Lawshe's content validity ratio. The results showed that 42 indicators were validated as essential, with 21 of them, not specifically related to infrastructure projects, already covered by the standard disclosure of the GRI. This assessment enabled the proposal of a sector disclosure formed by 21 new indicators related to the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. This study closes a gap in the evaluation of the sustainability of infrastructure projects and contributes to the discussion about sustainability indicators in infrastructure projects

Causes of Construction Projects Cost Overrun in Brazil

This paper presents a survey on construction projects cost performance in Brazil with an analysis of cost overrun causes of the works based on the contractors’ point of view. After a literature review and field research, several causes were identified and evaluated by frequency, severity, and importance through a questionnaire. The field survey conducted included 11 directors, 17 project managers and 19 area managers of different construction companies. Eighty-five causes of cost overrun were identified and classified in 11 departments with internal and external influences. The research shows that 71% of the 238 contracts of the study have their costs exceeded, being 82% in amounts up to 25% of the initial agreement and 18% above 25%. The most striking causes identified by the three parties were the change of scope, lack of design detail during budgeting, and high indirect cost in a period of low productivity

Training assessment: prevention of major accidents through the approach of proactive safety, risks, and emergencies (APSRE)

This article presents Training Assessment: Prevention of Major Accidents through the Approach of Proactive Safety, Risks, and Emergencies (APSRE), for senior, full, junior, and undergraduate professionals and university graduate and postgraduate students, with the aim of improving the way thinking about a Proactive Safety Environment. With the development of research on Risk Management and the conception of the Proactive Safety Approach, with the aim of preventing major accidents and the damage arising from these events, the need to train people in organizations was verified, to support the survey and research of information, warning signs, analysis of proactive safety demands, planning, and development of actions, for the prevention of these major accidents, which are historically recurrent. The training for this course is made up of four free online consultation modules and is hosted on the Internet. The course presents in Module 1, an introductory basis, in Module 2, the theory of accidents, in Module 3, case studies of major accidents in the world, and in Module 4, activities and exercises to prevent and mitigate these major accidents. After the creation of this course, training was developed individually and in classes. In total, 12 classes of the Risk Management and Major Accident Prevention Course were trained, around 250 people in the class format, and around 50 people individually, totaling 300 people. The qualification of the Course Management of Risks and Prevention of Major Accidents, according to the validation presented in this article, can be used to meet different profiles, for senior professionals with knowledge in this subject, the qualification can be propitious for debates and reflections, for the full levels, training can be conducive to deepening the concepts and proposals, for junior levels and students, training can provide an initial base of learning for development in Risk Management and Major Accident Prevention. Conventional risk assessments can be reassessed, due to the contents presented in this article, and the Approach of Proactive Safety, Risks, and Emergencies (APSRE) through the presented framework, can be used to supplement conventional risk assessments

Targeting Energy Efficiency through Air Conditioning Operational Modes for Residential Buildings in Tropical Climates, Assisted by Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage. Case Study Brazil

Economy and parsimony in the consumption of energy resources are becoming a part of common sense in practically all countries, although the effective implementation of energy efficiency policies still has a long way to go. The energy demand for residential buildings is one of the most significant energy sinks. We focus our analysis on one of the most energy-consuming systems of residential buildings located in regions of tropical climate, which are cooling systems. We evaluate to which degree the integration of thermal energy storage (TES) and photovoltaic (PV) systems helps to approach an annual net zero energy building (NZEB) configuration, aiming to find a feasible solution in the direction of energy efficiency in buildings. To conduct the simulations, an Energy Efficiency Analysis Framework (EEAF) is proposed. A literature review unveiled a potential knowledge gap about the optimization of the ASHRAE operational modes (full storage load, load leveled, and demand limiting) for air conditioning/TES sets using PV connected to the grid. A hypothetical building was configured with detailed loads and occupation profiles to simulate different configurations of air conditioning associated with TES and a PV array. Using TRNSYS software, a set of scenarios was simulated, and their outputs are analyzed in a life cycle perspective using life cycle costing (LCC). The modeling and simulation of different scenarios allowed for identifying the most economic configurations from a life cycle perspective, within a safe range of operability considering the energy efficiency and consequently the sustainability aspects of the buildings. The EEAF also supports other profiles, such as those in which the occupancy of residential buildings during the day is increased due to significant changes in people’s habits, when working and studying in home office mode, for example. These changes in habits should bring a growing interest in the adoption of solar energy for real-time use in residential buildings. The results can be used as premises for the initial design or planning retrofits of buildings, aiming at the annual net zero energy balance

Targeting Energy Efficiency through Air Conditioning Operational Modes for Residential Buildings in Tropical Climates, Assisted by Solar Energy and Thermal Energy Storage. Case Study Brazil

Economy and parsimony in the consumption of energy resources are becoming a part of common sense in practically all countries, although the effective implementation of energy efficiency policies still has a long way to go. The energy demand for residential buildings is one of the most significant energy sinks. We focus our analysis on one of the most energy-consuming systems of residential buildings located in regions of tropical climate, which are cooling systems. We evaluate to which degree the integration of thermal energy storage (TES) and photovoltaic (PV) systems helps to approach an annual net zero energy building (NZEB) configuration, aiming to find a feasible solution in the direction of energy efficiency in buildings. To conduct the simulations, an Energy Efficiency Analysis Framework (EEAF) is proposed. A literature review unveiled a potential knowledge gap about the optimization of the ASHRAE operational modes (full storage load, load leveled, and demand limiting) for air conditioning/TES sets using PV connected to the grid. A hypothetical building was configured with detailed loads and occupation profiles to simulate different configurations of air conditioning associated with TES and a PV array. Using TRNSYS software, a set of scenarios was simulated, and their outputs are analyzed in a life cycle perspective using life cycle costing (LCC). The modeling and simulation of different scenarios allowed for identifying the most economic configurations from a life cycle perspective, within a safe range of operability considering the energy efficiency and consequently the sustainability aspects of the buildings. The EEAF also supports other profiles, such as those in which the occupancy of residential buildings during the day is increased due to significant changes in people’s habits, when working and studying in home office mode, for example. These changes in habits should bring a growing interest in the adoption of solar energy for real-time use in residential buildings. The results can be used as premises for the initial design or planning retrofits of buildings, aiming at the annual net zero energy balance