Effects of sudden salinity changes on the oxygen consumption and osmoregulatory parameters in the Senegales sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858)

Senegalese sole juveniles were held into flow-through respirometers and submitted to a sudden salinity change. Briefly, 40-50 g body weight fish were kept into chambers with initial salinity of 37.5 ppt (the same as in culture tanks) and, after an acclimation of 4 hours, the salinity was changed to 5 or 55 ppt. A control group did not experience any salinity alteration. Oxygen consumption was registered every 14 min and fish were sampled (gill biopsy and plasma) at different times (at t=4.5 h and t=7 h in order to determine gill Na+,K+- ATPase activity and plasma cortisol concentration. At t=4.5 h, oxygen consumption showed an inverse relationship with salinity, while gill Na+,K+- ATPase activity increased. Plasma cortisol levels presented a "U-shaped" relationship with salinity. At 7 h, oxygen consumption was higher in the control group, while cortisol and gill Na+,K+- ATPase activity varied in parallel to salinity. Our results suggest that sudden salinity changes evoked an acute stress situation (cortisol increased up to 15x over the basal level) which was slightly attenuate after 7 h. Fish quickly adapted its respiration rate to the new environmental conditions and this rate returned progressively to its normal values after the shock. Regarding enzyme activity, fish increased (55 ppt) or decreased (5 ppt) the ATPase activity depending on the salinity, as described in other studies.This work was supported by Interreg Project 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E, financed by the EDRF (European Regional Development Fund). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua. &nbsp;Juveniles de lenguado senegal&eacute;s fueron mantenidos en respir&oacute;metros y sometidos a un cambio brusco de salinidad. Resumidamente, peces de 40-50 g se mantuvieron a una salinidad de 37.5 ppt y, despu&eacute;s de una aclimataci&oacute;n de 4 horas, la salinidad se vari&oacute; a 5 &oacute; 55 ppt. Un grupo control no experiment&oacute; ninguna alteraci&oacute;n. El consumo de ox&iacute;geno fue registrado cada 14 min y los peces fueron muestreados (plasma y branquias) a diferentes tiempos (t=4.5 h y t=7 h para determinar la actividad Na+,K+- ATPasa branquial la concentraci&oacute;n de cortisol en plasma). A t=4.5 h, el consumo de ox&iacute;geno fue inversamente proporcional con la salinidad, mientras que la actividad Na+,K+- ATPasa branquial creci&oacute;. El cortisol plasm&aacute;tico present&oacute; una curva en forma de "U" en funci&oacute;n de la salinidad. A t=7 h, el consumo de ox&iacute;geno fue mayor en el grupo control, mientras que la Na+,K+- ATPasa branquial vari&oacute; en paralelo con la salinidad. Nuestros resultados sugieren que un cambio brusco de salinidad provoca una situaci&oacute;n de estr&eacute;s agudo (cortisol aumenta 15 veces su valor basal), que se aten&uacute;a ligeramente despu&eacute;s de 7 h. Los peces r&aacute;pidamente adaptan su tasa respiratoria a esta nueva condici&oacute;n ambiental y luego var&iacute;a progresivamente a su valor inicial. Respecto a la actividad enzim&aacute;tica, los peces aumentaron (55 ppt) o disminuyeron (5 ppt) la actividad ATPasa en funci&oacute;n de la salinidad, como se ha descrito en previos trabajos.Este trabajo fue apoyado por el proyecto Interreg 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E , financiado por el FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua.</p

The importance of amphipods in diets of marine species with aquaculture interest of Andalusian coast

Los anfípodos son crustáceos con un alto valor nutricional y gran potencial para ser cultivados como alimento en especies de interés acuícola. Juegan un papel fundamental en el intercambio energético de la cadena trófica como recurso de muchos depredadores. Para evaluar la importancia de este grupo, se han revisado los estudios sobre alimentación de 10 especies (ocho peces y dos cefalópodos) del litoral andaluz cultivadas o con interés en acuicultura. Los anfípodos están presenten en la dieta de especies ya consolidadas en acuicultura como Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax y Solea senegalensis, aunque no se usan en ninguna de las fases de su cultivo intensivo. Existen otras muchas especies en las que los anfípodos podrían jugar un papel fundamental en su cultivo, como son Sepia officinalis, Octopus vulgaris, Solea solea, Mullus surmuletus y M. barbatus, además del género Hippocampus, de gran interés en acuariofilia. Es necesario intensificar la investigación de estos crustáceos para evaluar adecuadamente su importancia como presas en el medio natural y para cuantificar su valor nutricional como fuente alternativa de alimento.Amphipods are crustacean with high nutritional quality and great potential to be reared as food for species of aquaculture interest. They play a fundamental rol in energetic exchange of trophic chain as predators’ resource. To evaluate the importance of this group, the feeding habits of 10 species (eight finfish and two cephalopods) of Andalusian coast have been reviewed. Amphipods are present in diet of consolidated species in aquaculture like Sparus aurata, Dicentrarchus labrax and Solea senegalensis, althought they are not used in any production step. There are a lot of other species where amphipods could play an important rol in their intensive cultures, like Sepia officinalis, Octopus vulgaris, Solea solea, Mullus surmuletus and M. barbatus, in addition to the genus Hippocampus, with great interest in the field of fishkeeping. It is necessary to intensify research of these crustacean to evaluate correctly their importance as preys in the wild and to quantify their nutritional values as an alternative food source

Reproduction of the wedge sole (Dicologoglossa cuneata Moreau) in captivity: spawning parameters and influence of the natural temperature

In this work, the wedge sole (Dciologoglossa cuneata) spawning under natural thermocycle has been studied. The spawning parameters were similar to those of other flatfish in captivity, the relative fecundity being very high (1.7&plusmn;0.1 &middot;106 eggs Kg female-1 per spawning season). The percentage of floating eggs decreased in parallel to the time and was directly related to egg diameter, daily relative fecundity and fertilization rate. Nevertheless, the hatching rate variations were not correlated to any other spawning parameter. The temperature range during the spawning season was very wide (11-21 &ordm;C) though the largest spawns occurred between 12 and 16 &ordm;C . The natural temperature cycle influenced wedge sole egg production, the winter temperature minimum indicating the onset of spawning, but the variations in the reproductive season did not appear to affect the daily egg production. Future research should focus on the photoperiod and its interaction with temperature as key factor for spawning. This work was supported by Interreg Project 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E, financed by the EDRF (European Regional Development Fund). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua.. &nbsp;El presente trabajo trata del estudio de las puestas de la aced&iacute;a (Dicologoglossa cuneata) en cautividad bajo condiciones naturales de temperatura. Los par&aacute;metros de puesta fueron similares a los de otros peces planos en cautividad, siendo la fecundidad relativa muy alta (1.7&plusmn;0.1 &middot;106 huevos Kg hembra-1 por estaci&oacute;n reproductora). El porcentaje de huevos flotantes disminuy&oacute; paralelamente con el tiempo y fue directamente proporcional al di&aacute;metro de huevos, fecundidad relativa diaria y tasa de fecundaci&oacute;n. Sin embargo, las variaciones de la tasa de eclosi&oacute;n no estuvieron correlacionadas con ning&uacute;n par&aacute;metro de puesta. El rango de temperatura durante la estaci&oacute;n de puesta fue muy amplio (11-21 &ordm;C), aunque las mayores puestas tuvieron lugar entre 12 y 16 &ordm;C. El ciclo natural de temperatura tuvo efectos sobre la producci&oacute;n de huevos de aced&iacute;a, con los m&iacute;nimos invernales indicando el comienzo de la puesta, aunque las variaciones dentro de la estaci&oacute;n de puesta no pareci&oacute; afectar a la producci&oacute;n diaria de huevos. Este trabajo fue apoyado por el proyecto Interreg 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E , financiado por el FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional).www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua.</p

Biometry and plasmatic stress-related parameters in brill (Scophthalmus rhombus)cultured at different stocking densities.

The effects of the stocking density on the physiological stress and biometric features of the brill were studied. Fish (491&plusmn;20 g) were cultured at three different stocking densities: 1; 5 and 15 Kg m-2 (LSD, MSD and HSD) during 5 weeks. Survival and several biometric, feeding and plasmatic parameters were assessed. Although final weight and specific growth rate decreased in higher densities, there were not significant differences between MSD and HSD. Differences for survival rate, feed efficiency, conversion index and feed intake were not detected among treatments. The minimum HSI was found in the HSD treatment, and condition factor varied inversely regards to stocking density. Plasma cortisol and osmolality were directly related to stocking density though the former was not significantly different among treatments. Plasma lactate and glucose significantly increased while stocking density rose. Nevertheless, free fatty acids did not vary among treatments, and triglycerides only decreased in LSD. This work was supported by Interreg Project 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E, financed by the EDRF (European Regional Development Fund).www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua. &nbsp;Se estudiaron los efectos de la densidad de cultivo sobre el estr&eacute;s fisiol&oacute;gico y par&aacute;metros biom&eacute;tricos en el parracho. Los peces (491&plusmn;20 g) fueron cultivados a tres densidades diferentes: 1; 5 y 15 Kg m-2 (LSD, MSD y HSD) durante 5 semanas. El peso final y crecimiento decrecieron con la densidad, pero no hubo diferencias significativas entre MSD y HSD. No se detectaron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para supervivencia, eficiencia alimentaria, &iacute;ndice de conversi&oacute;n y tasa de ingesti&oacute;n. El HIS m&iacute;nimo fue para la HSD y el factor de condici&oacute;n vari&oacute; inversamente a la densidad. La osmolalidad y el cortisol, glucosa y lactato plasm&aacute;ticos estuvieron directamente relacionados con la densidad. Sin embargo, los &aacute;cidos grasos libres no variaron entre tratamientos. Este trabajo fue apoyado por el proyecto Interreg 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E , financiado por el FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional).www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua.</p

First releases of hatchery‑produced Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis), brill (Scophthalmus rhombus), and wedge sole (Dicologoglossa cuneata) juveniles in the South‑western Spanish coast

Primeras y únicas repoblaciones con peces en el litoral de HuelvaThe regression of fisheries in the Gulf of Cadiz is evident since current fish catches are 33% of that 30 years before. Consequently, some initiatives for the replenishment of exhausted wild stocks are welcome. The objective of the present work is to describe and analyze the results coming from the first flatfish stock enhancements in Andalusia. A total of 3189 fish from three flatfish species: Senegal sole (Solea senegalensis Kaup), wedge sole (Dicologlossa cuneata Moreau), and brill (Scophthalmus rhombus Linnaeus) were tagged and released. Several variables were calculated through the data analysis of recovered fish. Some variables were calculated only for Senegal soles since wedge sole and brill recaptures were not significant. The Senegal sole recapture rate was 2.71±0.72, similar to other published data, the recapture rates for bigger fish being higher though not significant. No significant differences were detected for distance, time, growth or recapture rate among initial Senegal sole sizes. Around 80% of recaptures were registered within 15 weeks after release. The results show that it is possible the release and recovery of tagged Senegal soles in the Gulf of Cadiz. Future long-term programs on stock enhancement could help to determine the effects on fisheries and recover stocks.Open Access funding provided thanks to the CRUE-CSIC agreement with Springer Nature. This study has been financed by the Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible of the Junta de Andalucia. M. Herrera’s post-doc contract is supported by the National Institute of Agricultural Research and the European Social Fund (INIA-FSE). Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Huelva / CBUA

Effect of dietary free fatty acid content on growth and hepatic morphology in sole (Solea Senegalensis) juveniles

Utilization in aquaculture of unusual meals with unbalanced lipid content or inadequate previous treatment may result in harmful state for fish. This research studied the effects caused by different dietary free fatty acid (FFA) content on growth performance and hepatic morphology in liver in sole juveniles. Results revealed an inverse relationship between dietary FFA content and ability of fish to grow. Moreover, hepatic morphology analysis indicated an overall healthier status in hepatocytes of fish fed with low dietary FFA content. Dietary fatty acids must be esterified to glycerols seem an absolutely necessary requisite in sole, allowing a proper energy storing and its latter mobilisation to gain biomass.This work was supported by Interreg Project 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E, financed by the EDRF (European Regional Development Fund). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaquaLa utilizaci&oacute;n en la acuicultura de dietas inusuales con contenido lip&iacute;dico desequilibrados o tratamientos previos inadecuados puede resultar nocivo para los peces. Esta investigaci&oacute;n estudi&oacute; los efectos causados por distintas dietas con diferente contenido en &aacute;cidos grasos libres (FFA) en el crecimiento y la morfolog&iacute;a hep&aacute;tica en juveniles de lenguado. Los resultados revelaron una relaci&oacute;n inversa entre el contenido de FFA en la dieta y la capacidad de los peces para crecer. Por otra parte, el an&aacute;lisis de la morfolog&iacute;a hep&aacute;tica indic&oacute; un estado m&aacute;s saludable en los hepatocitos de los peces alimentados con una dieta baja en FFA . La esterificaci&oacute;n con glicerina de &aacute;cidos grasos es un requisito indispensable en lenguados, lo que permite un adecuado almacenamiento de energ&iacute;a y su posterior movilizaci&oacute;n para ganar biomasa.Este trabajo fue apoyado por el proyecto Interreg 0251_ECOAQUA_5_E , financiado por el FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional). www.juntadeandalucia.es/agriculturaypesca/ifapa/ecoaqua.</p

Forearm Muscle Activity During the Handgrip Test in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Cross-Sectional Study

We recruited 102 breast cancer survivors at a secondary care in Malaga. Included breast cancer survivors showed a good upper limb functionality but a reduced forearm muscle activity. Forearm muscle activity showed a poor significant correlation with the cancer-related fatigue . Handgrip strength also showed a poor correlation with the upper limb functionality. Both outcomes tended to lower values with higher levels of cancer-related fatigue. Introduction/Background: Breast cancer survivors (BCS) frequently show upper limb dysfunctions. The forearm muscle activity measured by surface electromyography (sEMG) in this population has not been studied. This study aimed to describe forearm muscle activity in BCS, as well as to assess its possible relationship with other variables related to upper limb functionality and cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out including 102 BCS as volunteers at a secondary care in Malaga, Spain. BCS were included if they were aged between 32 and 70 years old, without evidence of cancer recurrence at the time of recruitment. The forearm muscle activity (microvolts, μV) was assessed by sEMG during the handgrip test. The handgrip strength was assessed by dynamometry (kg), the upper limb functionality (%) was measured by the upper limb functional index (ULFI) question- naire and the CRF was also assessed by revised Piper Fatigue Scale (0-10 points). Results: BCS reported reduced forearm muscle activity (287.88 μV) and reduced handgrip strength (21.31 Kg), a good upper limb functionality (68.85%), and a moderate cancer-related fatigue (4.74). Forearm muscle activity showed a poor significant correlation (r = –0.223, P = .038) with the CRF. Handgrip strength showed a poor correlation with the upper limb functionality (r = 0.387, P < .001) and age (r=-0.200, P = .047)...Funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málaga /CBU

Validation of the upper limb functional index on breast cancer survivor

Breast cancer survivors (BCS) may face functional alterations after surgical intervention. Upper Limb Disorders (ULDs) are highly prevalent even years after a diagnosis. Clinicians may assess the upper limbs after breast cancer. The Upper Limb Functional Index (ULFI) has been validated across different populations and languages. This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Upper Limb Functional Index Spanish version (ULFI-Sp) in the BCS. Methods: A psychometric validation study of the ULFI-Sp was conducted on 216 voluntary breast cancer survivors. The psychometric properties were as follows: analysis of the factor structure by maximum likelihood extraction (MLE), internal consistency, and construct validity by confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: The factor structure was one-dimensional. ULFI-Sp showed a high internal consistency for the total score (α = 0.916) and the regression score obtained from MLE (α = 0.996). CFA revealed a poor fit, and a new 14-item model (short version) was further tested. The developed short version of the ULFI-SP is preferable to assess upper limb function in Spanish BCS. Conclusions: Given the high prevalence of ULD in this population and the broader versions of ULFI across different languages, this study’s results may be transferred to clinical practice and integrated as part of upper limb assessment after breast cancer.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag

Influence of different bottom types on the Senegal sole Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 ongrowing

Fish coloration may affect its market value. The present paper compares growth, survival rate and pigmentation during the ongrowing of Senegal sole Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 on three different bottoms. This experiment lasted five months, and at the beginning fish were 4.93 ± 0.75 cm (length) and 1.91 ± 0.68 g (weight). No significant differences were found for final length and weight between different bottoms. Several pigmentation patterns were found on the sand and white bottoms, but one single pattern appeared in the dark bottom tanks. The survival rate on the sand bottom was significantly less than others, probably due to pathologies stemming from the difficult maintenance of the sand bed.La falta de homogeneidad en la coloración de los peces puede afectar a su valor comercial. En este trabajo se ha comparado el crecimiento, la supervivencia y la pigmentación de ejemplares de lenguado senegalés Solea senegalensis Kaup, 1858 durante el preengorde en tanques con tres tipos de fondos. El experimento tuvo una duración de 5 meses. El tamaño inicial de los individuos era 4,93 ± 0,75 cm y 1,91 ± 0,68 g, y al final de la experiencia no se encontraron diferencias significativas entre las tallas y los pesos de los ejemplares de los distintos tanques. Se detectaron varios patrones de pigmentación en los especímenes correspondientes a los fondos arenoso y blanco, pero solo uno en los de los tanques de fondo gris. La supervivencia en el fondo de arena fue la menor de todas (p 0,01), probablemente atribuible a patologías asociadas al difícil mantenimiento del lecho arenoso.Instituto Español de Oceanografí