28 research outputs found
Composition Floristique, Diversité Et Structure Des EspÚces ForestiÚres Alimentaires De La Région De Sikasso Au Sud Du Mali
Le prĂ©sent travail a Ă©tĂ© initiĂ© dans le but dâĂ©valuer la composition floristique, la diversitĂ© spĂ©cifique et la structure des espĂšces forestiĂšres locales alimentaires en vue de lutter contre la malnutrition. Il a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© dans des villages de quatre massifs forestiers naturels appartenant Ă deux zones agroĂ©cologiques au Sud du Mali, soit deux villages par zone. Au niveau de chaque massif forestier, les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es dans 10 placettes de 50 m x 50 m suivant un Ă©chantillonnage systĂ©matique Ă un degrĂ©. Dans chaque placette, tous les individus ligneux ont Ă©tĂ© mesurĂ©s. Les donnĂ©es dendromĂ©triques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es sur chaque arbre (diamĂštre Ă hauteur de poitrine appelĂ©e en anglais « diameter at breast height » en abrĂ©gĂ© « d.b.h. » et la hauteur totale des tiges). Au niveau de chaque placette, le comptage de lâeffectif total des jeunes plants (diamĂštre Ă hauteur de poitrine < 3 cm) a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© dans cinq placeaux de 25 mÂČ suivant un Ă©chantillonnage systĂ©matique Ă deux degrĂ©s. Les relevĂ©s effectuĂ©s ont permis de recenser 89 espĂšces ligneuses appartenant Ă 73 genres et 30 familles botaniques. Les espĂšces alimentaires reprĂ©sentent 34,83 % des espĂšces inventoriĂ©es. Des diffĂ©rences significatives de densitĂ©, de hauteur totale et de surface terriĂšre moyenne ont Ă©tĂ© observĂ©es entre les massifs forestiers. La densitĂ© la plus Ă©levĂ©e est observĂ©e au niveau du massif forestier de Badogo (71 arbres/ha) et la plus faible au niveau de Sorobasso (24 arbres/ha) qui prĂ©sente le plus fort taux de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration (2,88 %). Lâanalyse des structures en classe de diamĂštre des populations dâespĂšces alimentaires les plus abondantes (Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, Lophira lanceolata, Parkia biglobosa et Borassus aethiopum) a montrĂ© des tendances variables. Des stratĂ©gies de domestication et de multiplication vĂ©gĂ©tative des espĂšces sâavĂšrent nĂ©cessaires pour assurer la disponibilitĂ© de la ressource en vue de lutter contre la malnutrition.
The present work was launched to assess the floristic composition and structure of the native forest food species in order to tackle malnutrition. It was carried out in four natural forest from villages in two agro-ecological zones (two villages per agro-ecological zone) in southern Mali. In each natural forest, data were collected in 10 plots of 50 x 50 m using sampling systematic to one degree. In each plot, all tree were measured. Dendrometric data were collected on each tree (diameter at breast height or d.b.h and totalstem height). In each plot, the total number of seedlings (diameter at breast height < 3 cm) was carried out within five 25 mÂČ plots using sampling systematic to two degrees. The inventories were recorded 89 native forest species belonging to 73 genera and 30 botanical families. Native edible species were represented 34.83% of the overall inventoried species. Significant differences were observed between natural forest for average density per hectare, average height and average basal area. The high density was observed in Badogo (71 trees.ha -1 ), while the less in Sorobasso (24 trees.ha -1 ) which present the high regeneration rate (2.88%). The analysis of population diameter structures for Saba senegalensis, Vitellaria paradoxa, Lannea acida, Lannea microcarpa, Lophira lanceolata, Parkia biglobosa and Borassus aethiopum showed variable trends. Domestication and vegetative propagation strategies of the species are needed to ensure the availability of the resource to combat malnutrition
Impact des changements climatiques sur la dynamique de l'habitat potentiel de Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. au Niger
The objective of this study is to model the potential distribution of Balanites aegyptiaca under the influence of climate change in Niger. The principle of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) was used to determine the favorable habitats of the species based on variations in current and future climatic conditions (horizon 2050). The presence data of the species combined with bioclimatic data derived from the Worldclim database allowed to generate three climate models for future projections (the CCCMA, CSIRO and HadCM3 models) under the A2 scenario of the IPCC. The coldest quarter precipitation (BIO19) and the wettest period precipitation (BIO13) are the environmental variables that most contributed to the model prediction. Under current climatic conditions, 67.7% of the Nigerien territory is very favorable to the development of Balanites aegyptiaca. The CCCMA and HadCM3 models which predict an increase in precipitation by 2050 as well as the CSIRO model which predicts a decrease for this same horizon show that very favorable habitats will be converted into moderately favorable habitats. Terrestrial protected areas in Niger, located mainly in the Sahelo-Sudanian region, are more effective for the conservation of Balanites aegyptiaca both under current climatic conditions and by 2050. These are mainly the Tamou and Gadbédji total wildlife reserves. The present study shows that Balanites aegyptiaca is one of the few species that is well adapted to the arid conditions of the Sahelo-Sudanian zone. The results of this study constitute a tool that can serve as a basis for the conservation and management of natural stands of Balanites aegyptiaca.
Keywords: Balanites aegyptiaca, MaxEnt, ecological niche, climate change, protected areas, Niger.La prĂ©sente Ă©tude a pour objectif de modĂ©liser la distribution potentielle de Balanites aegyptiaca sous lâinfluence des changements climatiques au Niger. Le principe dâentropie maximale (MaxEnt) a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© pour dĂ©terminer les habitats favorables de lâespĂšce en fonction des variations des conditions climatiques actuelles et futures (horizon 2050). Les donnĂ©es de prĂ©sence de lâespĂšce combinĂ©es aux donnĂ©es bioclimatiques dĂ©rivĂ©es de la base de donnĂ©es Worldclim ont permis de gĂ©nĂ©rer trois modĂšles climatiques pour les projections futures (les modĂšles CCCMA, CSIRO et HadCM3) sous le scĂ©nario A2 du GIEC. Les prĂ©cipitations du trimestre le plus froid (BIO19) et les prĂ©cipitations de la pĂ©riode la plus humide (BIO13) sont les variables environnementales qui ont plus contribuĂ© Ă la prĂ©diction du modĂšle. Sous les conditions climatiques actuelles, 67,7% du territoire nigĂ©rien est trĂšs favorable au dĂ©veloppement de Balanites aegyptiaca. Les modĂšles CCCMA et HadCM3 qui prĂ©disent une augmentation des prĂ©cipitations Ă lâhorizon 2050 tout comme le modĂšle CSIRO qui prĂ©dit une diminution pour ce mĂȘme horizon montrent que les habitats trĂšs favorables seront convertis en habitats moyennement favorables. Les aires protĂ©gĂ©es terrestres du Niger, situĂ©es majoritairement en sahĂ©lo-soudanienne, sont plus efficaces pour la conservation de Balanites aegyptiaca aussi bien dans les conditions climatiques actuelles quâĂ lâhorizon 2050. Il sâagit surtout des rĂ©serves totales de faune de Tamou et de GadbĂ©dji. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude montre que Balanites aegyptiaca est lâune des rares espĂšces qui sont bien adaptĂ©es aux conditions dâariditĂ© de la zone sahĂ©lo-soudanienne. Les rĂ©sultats de cette Ă©tude constituent un outil pouvant servir de base pour la conservation et la gestion des peuplements naturels de Balanites aegyptiaca.
Mots-clés: Balanites aegyptiaca, MaxEnt, niche écologique, changements climatiques, aires protégées, Niger
Effect of Water Stress on the Seedlings Growth of Acacia Tortilis Subsp. Raddiana in Nursery in Sahelian Zone, Niger
The characteristic dominance of Acacia tortilis species in the Sahel plays a major ecological and economic role for its populations. However, in recent years, the high pastoral pressure has compromised the natural regeneration of the species and it becomes therefore important to investigate the effect of substrate and water stress on the growth of A. tortilis plants in nurseries. An experimental design made of 72 seedlings divided into 4 treatments with different proportions of substrate and watering was put in place. During the six months study, 3 seedlings were destroyed every month, and growth parameters were measured. These include the height, diameter at the collar, pivot length and diameter, number and length of lateral roots, number of nodes, number of branches, number of leaves and number of spines. Results show that the height, the collar diameter, the pivot diameter, total number of roots, number of lateral roots, number of branches, number of leaves are significantly different among treatments. The substrate containing 1/4 manure and 3/4 sand + watering twice a day recorded the best growth height (112.1±4.4 cm); number of branches (39.3±24.2); leaf biomass (301.67±97.99 g) and total number of roots (34±1.7) after 6 months of followup. The average root pivot length of Tr4 treatment seedlings (115.5±18.2 cm) is 4 times greater than their average height during the 6-month follow-up. The average root pivot length of Tr4 treatment seedlings is 4 times greater than their average height during the 6-month follow-up. After 3 months in nursery, the substrate containing sand only + watering once a week ensures a good development of the rooting root system to young seedlings, allowing them to better explore soil horizons. Hence, for a reforestation program, the substrate containing sand only + watering once a week is the best suited
Ătude floristique des formations naturelles Ă Vachellia tortilis subsp. raddiana en zone sahĂ©lienne du Niger
This study was conducted in the departments of Maine-Sorao and Goudoumaria located in the region of Diffa, in the extreme south-east of Niger. The objective of the study is to analyse the ecological and floristic indicators of natural formations of Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan. Phytosociological data were collected using the sigmatist method of Braun-Blanquet and the quadrat point method of Daget and Poissonet. A total of 80 plots were delimited. The data collected are related to the coverage of plant species and environmental variables. The spectra of biological and phytogeographic types were calculated. Hierarchical Ascending Classification (AHC), Canonical Defined Analysis (CDA) and Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) were used to determine plant groupings and their ecological and floristic characteristics. The results revealed a total species richness of 61 plant species divided into 25 families and 51 genera. The most represented families are Poaceae (19.7%) and Leguminosae-Mimosoideae (11.5%). The Therophytes are the most represented biological type (59.0%). Paleotropical species is the dominant phytogeographic type (37.7%). The hierarchical ascending classification (CHA) and the Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) made it possible to discriminate three (3) plant groups with A. tortilis. These are the group with A. tortilis and Echinochloa colona (G1) observed in the lowlands; the group with A. tortilis and Alysicarpus ovalifolius (G2) on the dune slopes and the group with A. tortilis and Chloris barbata (G3) on the dune flats. Analysis of diameter class structures shows a dominance of small-diameter individuals in all groups with shape c parameters of the theoretical Weibull distribution greater than 1, suggesting that A. tortilis stands are characterized by a lack of regeneration, the causes of which include fruit picking by shepherds and overgrazing. These results reveal the state of degradation and disturbance of steppe vegetation in the study areas. This study constitutes a reference state that can serve as a basis for sustainable management of the ecosystems of these areas, whose main uses are essentially pastoral.
Keywords: Acacia tortilis, Biological types, Phytogeographic types, Floristic diversity, NigerLa prĂ©sente Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© conduite dans les dĂ©partements de Maine-Sorao et Goudoumaria situĂ©s dans la rĂ©gion de Diffa, Ă lâextrĂȘme sud-est du Niger. Lâobjectif de lâĂ©tude est dâanalyser les indicateurs Ă©cologique et floristique des formations naturelles Ă Acacia tortilis subsp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan. Les donnĂ©es phytosociologiques ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es Ă lâaide de la mĂ©thode sigmatiste de Braun-Blanquet et celle de point quadrat de Daget et Poissonet. Au total, 80 placettes ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©limitĂ©es. Les donnĂ©es collectĂ©es sont relatives au recouvrement des espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales et les variables environnementales. Les spectres des types biologiques et phytogĂ©ographiques ont Ă©tĂ© calculĂ©s. La classification hiĂ©rarchique ascendante (CHA), lâAnalyse Canonique DetendancĂ©e (DCA) et lâAnalyse Canonique des Correspondances (CCA) ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour dĂ©terminer les groupements vĂ©gĂ©taux et leurs caractĂ©ristiques Ă©cologique et floristique. Les rĂ©sultats ont rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© une richesse spĂ©cifique totale de 61 espĂšces vĂ©gĂ©tales reparties en 25 familles et 51 genres. Les familles les plus reprĂ©sentĂ©es sont les Poaceae (19,7%) et les Leguminosae-Mimosoideae (11,5 %). Les ThĂ©rophytes constituent le type biologique le plus reprĂ©sentĂ© (59,0%). Les espĂšces PalĂ©otropicales est le type phytogĂ©ographique dominant (37,7%). La classification hiĂ©rarchique ascendante (CHA) et lâAnalyse Canonique des Correspondances (CCA) ont permis de discriminer trois (3) groupements vĂ©gĂ©taux Ă A. tortilis. Il sâagit du groupement Ă Acacia tortilis et Echinochloa colona (G1) observĂ© dans les bas-fonds ; du groupement Ă Acacia tortilis et Alysicarpus ovalifolius (G2) sur les versants dunaires et du groupement Ă Acacia tortilis et Chloris barbata (G3) sur les replats dunaires. Lâanalyse des structures en classe de diamĂštres montre une dominance des individus de faible diamĂštre au niveau de tous les groupements avec des paramĂštres de forme c de la distribution thĂ©orique de Weibull supĂ©rieur Ă 1. Cela suggĂšre que les peuplements de A. tortilis sont caractĂ©risĂ©s par un manque de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration dont les causes sont entre autres le ramassage des fruits par les bergers et le surpĂąturage. Ces rĂ©sultats rĂ©vĂšlent lâĂ©tat de dĂ©gradation et de perturbation de vĂ©gĂ©tation steppique des zones dâĂ©tude. Cette Ă©tude constitue un Ă©tat de rĂ©fĂ©rence pouvant servir de base pour une gestion durable des Ă©cosystĂšmes de ces zones dont les principales utilisations sont essentiellement pastorales.
Mots clés: Acacia tortilis, Types biologiques, Types phytogéographiques, Diversité floristique, Nige
Succession des communautés végétales des jachÚres protégées en zone sahélienne: cas de Banizoumbou (Niger)
Objectif: Lâimportance de la perturbation (en durĂ©e ou en intensitĂ©) semble dĂ©cisive pour dĂ©terminer l'Ă©tat de la vĂ©gĂ©tation et la dynamique successionnelle. Lâobjectif de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude est d'examiner les variations des paramĂštres Ă©cologiques des champs et des jachĂšres protĂ©gĂ©es de Banizoumbou.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats: Les relevĂ©s phyto-sociologiques ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s selon la mĂ©thode sigmatiste de Braun-Blanquet (1932). LâĂ©chantillonnage a Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ© sur la base de types des systĂšmes, ainsi les jachĂšres et les champs ont fait lâobjet dâinventaire suivant 6 transect, des placettes de 1000 m2 Ă©quidistantes de 500 m ont Ă©tĂ© placĂ©. Ainsi au total 33 relevĂ©s ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©s dont 18 dans la jachĂšre et 15 relevĂ©s dans le champ. Il ressort de lâĂ©tude que la diversitĂ© dĂ©pend de stade successionnel mĂȘme Ă lâintĂ©rieur dâun mĂȘme type dâoccupation. Lâanalyse des indices montre quâen plus des jachĂšres, les champs sont aussi dâimportantes sources de biodiversitĂ©. Ainsi lâindice de diversitĂ© de Shannon Ă©volue en fonction de lâĂąge de jachĂšre et de champ, mais toute fois il Ă©volue beaucoup plus rapidement au niveau de jachĂšre que le champ. La densitĂ© moyenne de la zone dâĂ©tude est de 260 individus par hectare dont Guiera senegalensis reprĂ©sente plus de 70%. La hauteur moyenne, le diamĂštre moyen, la densitĂ© moyenne et le recouvrement moyen les plus Ă©levĂ©s sont observĂ©s au niveau des jachĂšres.Conclusion et application of rĂ©sultats: la prĂ©sente Ă©tude a montrĂ© que la variation de la diversitĂ© vĂ©gĂ©tale est une fonction de lâĂąge aussi bien au niveau des champs que les jachĂšres. Ainsi la diversitĂ© Ă©volue plus rapidement au niveau des jachĂšres.Mots clĂ©s: Succession des communautĂ©s vĂ©gĂ©tales, jachĂšres protĂ©gĂ©es de BanizoumbouEnglish AbstractObjective: The importance of disturbance (duration or intensity) seems decisive in determining the state of vegetation and successional dynamics. The purpose of this study is to study and examine variations in the floristic richness, diversity and production of protected fallow land in Banizoumbou.Methodology and Results: The phyto-sociological surveys were carried out according to the sigmatist method of Braun-Blanquet (1932). Sampling was carried out on the basis of land use types, so fallows and fields were  inventoried following 6 transect, 1000 square meter equidistant plots of 500 m were set. A total of 33 surveys were carried out, including 18 in the fallows and 15 in the fields. Our findings show that diversity depends on the successional stage even within the same type of land use. Analysis of the indices shows that in addition to fallow land, fields are also important sources of biodiversity. Thus, Shannon's diversity index increases according to the fallow and field age, but this increase is much higher in the fallows in than the fields. The results reveal also that average density of the study area is 260 individuals per hectare, of which Guiera senegalensis represents more than 70%. The mean height, mean diameter, average density and highest average cover were observed at fallow land.Conclusion and Application of results: The present study showed that variation in plant diversity is a function of age at both field and fallow land. Thus diversity evolves more rapidly at fallow land.Keywords: Succession of plant communities, protected fallow land of Banizoumbo
Floristic and ecological characteristics of the plant formations of Gouré (South-eastern Niger)
La prĂ©sente Ă©tude vise Ă Ă©valuer les caractĂ©ristiques de la vĂ©gĂ©tation du dĂ©partement de GourĂ© au Niger. Les donnĂ©es ont Ă©tĂ© collectĂ©es au moyen des relevĂ©s phyto-sociologiques et des mesures dendromĂ©triques dans des placettes de 1000 m2 reparties dans des unitĂ©s dâoccupation des terres (cuvettes, dunes et bas-fonds). Un total de 56 relevĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© et 81 espĂšces rĂ©parties dans 68 genres et 27 familles ont Ă©tĂ© inventoriĂ©es. Lâanalyse Factorielle des Correspondances DĂ©tendancĂ©es (AFCD) et la Classification HiĂ©rarchique Ascendante (CHA) a permis de discriminer trois groupements vĂ©gĂ©taux. Il sâagit du groupement Ă Hyphaene thebaica et Amaranthus spinosus (G1); le groupement Ă Acacia raddiana et Cenchrus biflorus (G2) et le groupement Ă Leptadenia pyrotechnica et Aristida mutabilis (G3). Par ailleurs, les ThĂ©rophytes suivies des microphanĂ©rophytes sont les types biologiques dominants. Les espĂšces Soudano-ZambĂ©ziennes et GuinĂ©o-Congolaises-Soudano-ZambĂ©ziennes sont les types phytogĂ©ographiques dominants. Lâindice de diversitĂ© de Shannon varie de 3,13 Ă 5,16 bits et lâĂ©quitabilitĂ© de Pielou de 0,56 Ă 0,86. La structure en classes de diamĂštre des peuplements ligneux montre que les individus des groupements (G2) et (G3) sont Ă dominance dâindividus de faible diamĂštre tandis que le groupement (G1) sont Ă dominance de gros sujets.
Mots clés: Diversité floristique, types biologiques et phytogéographiques, groupements végétaux, structure démographique, GouréThe present study aims to evaluate the characteristics of the vegetation of the department of Gouré. The data were collected using phytosociological surveys and dendrometric measurements in plots of 1000 m2 located in different units of land use (basins, dunes and shallows). A total of 56 surveys were conducted. The carried out phytosociological inventories showed the floristic richness with 81 species distributed in 68 genera and 29 families. A matrix made up of 81 species and 56 surveys, submitted to a Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) and the Ascending Hierarchy Classification (CHA) discriminated three plant communities. It is about plant communities of Hyphaene thebaica and Amaranthus spinosus (G1); Acacia raddiana and Cenchrus biflorus (G2) and the grouping Leptadenia pyrotechnica and Aristida mutabilis (G3). In addition, therophytes followed by microphanerophytes are the dominant biological types. The Sudano-Zambezian and Guineo-Congolese-Sudano-Zambezian species are the dominant phytogeographic types. The Shannon diversity index varied from 3.13 to 5.16 bits and the Pielou equitability from 0.56 to 0,86. The diameter structure of woody stands shows that individuals of the Acacia raddiana and Cenchrus biflorus (G2) and Leptadenia pyrotechnica and Aristida mutabilis (G3) groups are dominated by small diameter individuals whereas the grouping with Hyphaene thebaica and Amaranthus spinosus (G1) are dominated by large subjects.
Keywords: Floristic diversity, biological and phytogeographic types, plant communities, demographic structure, Gour
Impacts de la Demi-lune Sylvopastorale sur la Revégétalisation des Plateaux dans le Département de Ouallam (Niger)
Depuis des annĂ©es, les terres dĂ©gradĂ©es dans lâouest nigĂ©rien subissent une rĂ©cupĂ©ration sans prĂ©cĂ©dent. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude conduite dans le terroir de Satara dans la commune rurale de Simiri (Ouest du Niger) a pour objectif de caractĂ©riser la vĂ©gĂ©tation de 3 sites traitĂ©s avec des ouvrages de demi-lunes sylvopastorales rĂ©alisĂ©es en 2015, 2016 et 2018 et ensemencĂ©es avec des espĂšces herbacĂ©es suivi dâune plantation avec lâespĂšce Eucalyptus camaldulensis. Les mĂ©thodes des points quadrats alignĂ©s et dâabondance-dominance ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es dans lâĂ©tude de la diversitĂ© des herbacĂ©es. La biomasse herbacĂ©e de lâouvrage a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e Ă travers la coupe Ă ras du sol et la pesĂ©e, aprĂšs sĂ©chage, de toute la biomasse aĂ©rienne. Un inventaire et des mesures dendromĂ©triques des ligneux ont Ă©tĂ© aussi rĂ©alisĂ©s. Les rĂ©sultats ont relevĂ© la prĂ©sence de 64 espĂšces dâherbacĂ©es rĂ©parties en 20 familles dominĂ©es par celle des Poaceae. Le taux Ă©levĂ© de recouvrement le plus des herbacĂ©es (28,54%) a Ă©tĂ© obtenu sur le site de trois ans (2018). Les meilleures valeurs de rendement et de capacitĂ© de charge animale, respectivement 345 Kg/ha et 0,07 UBT/ha ont Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ©es sur le site de trois ans. Quant au recouvrement, câest le site de six ans (2015) qui a le taux le plus Ă©levĂ© (23%). Les surface terriĂšres du tronc Ă 20 cm et Ă 130 cm sont respectivement de 23 et 8,25 cm2 sur le site de six ans (2015) et 10,14 et 6,75 cm2 pour celui de trois ans (2018). Le faible taux de survie des ligneux plantĂ©s (67%) a Ă©tĂ© enregistrĂ© sur le site de trois ans. La hauteur moyenne des ligneux est de 3,1 et 6,54 m, respectivement sur le site de trois ans et six ans. Lâanalyse ACP a montrĂ© que les variables dendromĂ©triques sont corrĂ©lĂ©es. La hauteur de lâindividu et le diamĂštre de son tronc Ă 130 cm, ont le grand coefficient de corrĂ©lation (0,9). LâamĂ©nagement du plateau a favorisĂ© le retour progressif de la vĂ©gĂ©tation, contribuant ainsi Ă la restauration des services Ă©cosystĂšmes.
The present study conducted in the Satara terroir in the rural district of Simiri (western Niger) aimed to characterize vegetation of 3 sites treated with sylvopastoral half-moons made in 2015, 2016 and 2018, sown with herbaceous species and planted with Eucalyptus camaldulensis. A aligned quadrat points and abundance-dominance methods were used to study herbaceous diversity. The estimation of herbaceous biomass in the structure was carried out by cutting at ground level and weighing all the above ground biomass. An inventory and dendrometric measurements of woody species were also made. Results showed that 64 species of herbaceous plants in 20 families were founded, dominated by the Poaceae family. The highest herbaceous cover (28.54%) was obtained at the three-year site (2018). The best values for yield and animal carrying capacity, respectively 345 Kg/ha and 0.07 LU/ha, were recorded at the three-year-old site. the six-year-old site (2015) had the highest rate of the land cover (23%). Land area at 20 cm and 130 cm is of 23 and 8.25 cm2 respectively at the six-year site and 10.14 and 6.75 cm2 at the three-year site. The low survival rate of planted trees (67%) was recorded at the three-year site. The average height of the woody plants is of about 3.1 m and 6.54 m at the three-year and six-year sites, respectively. PCA analysis showed that the dendrometric variables are correlated. The individual height and diameter of the trunk at 130 cm have the highest correlation coefficient (0.9). The development of the plateau has favoured the gradual return of vegetation, thus contributing to the restoration of ecosystem services
Effet De La Combinaison RĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration Naturelle AssistĂ©e (RNA) Et Microdose Dâengrais Sur La Production Du Mil (Pennisetum Glaucum (L.) R.Br) Dans Les Zones Agro-Ăcologiques Du Centre-Sud Du Niger
Cette Ă©tude vise Ă identifier la microdose optimale dâengrais dans les champs de production du mil, oĂč des pratiques de la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle assistĂ©e (RNA) sont dĂ©jĂ rĂ©alisĂ©es. LâexpĂ©rimentation a Ă©tĂ© conduite dans 26 villages pratiquant la RNA, dont 10 villages dans la zone sahĂ©lienne stricte, 10 villages dans la zone sahĂ©lo-soudanienne et 6 villages dans la zone nord-soudanienne du centre-sud du Niger. Un dispositif en bloc randomisĂ© est installĂ© dans chaque village comportant 5 traitements (RNA; RNA + Fumure organique (F); RNA+F+NPK; RNA + Phosphate naturel de Tahoua (PNT) + F; RNA+PNT) et un tĂ©moin suivant les quatre points cardinaux. Les paramĂštres mesurĂ©s sont : la croissance en hauteur, le nombre de talles, les rendements en grains et en paille de mil. Les rĂ©sultats ont montrĂ© que la hauteur moyenne la plus Ă©levĂ©e des plants est obtenue pour le traitement RNA+PNT dans la zone sahĂ©lienne stricte (283,9±86,2 cm) et le nombre Ă©levĂ© de talles moyens pour le tĂ©moin de la zone nord-soudanienne (10,04±3,1). Dans toutes les zones, le traitement RNA+F+NPK a permis dâobtenir les plus grands rendements moyens en grains et en paille de mil. La zone sahĂ©lo-soudanienne obtient les rendements moyens en grains (464,1±213,9 kg/ha) et en paille (2126±1193 kg/ha) de mil les plus Ă©levĂ©s pour le traitement RNA+F+NPK. Par contre, les rendements les plus faibles des tĂ©moins sont obtenus dans la zone sahĂ©lienne stricte, avec 133,3±122,7 kg/ha pour les grains et 238,5±238,2 ka/ha pour la paille. Ces rĂ©sultats peuvent ĂȘtre utilisĂ©s dans le cadre de lâoptimisation de la production du mil dans les agrosystĂšmes au Niger.
This study aims to identify the optimal microdose of fertilizer in millet production fields, where Farmer Managed Natural Regeneration (FMNR) practices are already carried out. The experiment was carried out in 26 villages practicing RNA, including 10 villages in the strict Sahelian zone, 10 villages in the Sahelo-Sudanian zone and 6 villages in the north-Sudanian zone of south-central Niger. A randomized block device is installed in each village comprising 5 treatments (RNA; RNA + Organic manure (F); RNA + F + NPK; RNA + Natural Phosphate of Tahoua (PNT) + F; RNA + PNT) and a next control the four cardinal points. The parameters measured are: height growth, number of tillers, grain and millet straw yields. The results showed that the highest average height of the plants is obtained for the RNA + PNT treatment in the strict Sahelian zone (283.9 ± 86.2 cm) and the high number of average tillers for the control in the northern zone. -Sudanian (10.04 ± 3.1). In all areas, RNA + F + NPK treatment resulted in the highest average grain and millet straw yields. The Sahelo-Sudanian zone obtains the highest average grain (464.1 ± 213.9 kg / ha) and straw (2126 ± 1193 kg / ha) millet yields for the RNA + F + NPK treatment. On the other hand, the lowest yields of the controls are obtained in the strict Sahelian zone, with 133.3 ± 122.7 kg / ha for the grains and 238.5 ± 238.2 ka / ha for the straw. These results can be used in the optimization of millet production in agrosystems in Niger.
 
Structure et régénération des peuplements naturels de Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. et Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. suivant un gradient écologique dans la région de Maradi au Niger
Les espeÌces ligneuses jouent un roÌle important dans la vie des populations locales. Parmi les espeÌces couramment utiliseÌes au Niger figurent Balanites aegyptiaca et Ziziphus mauritiana. Ces deux espeÌces sont exploiteÌes comme sources alimentaires et pour divers produits meÌdicinaux, avec comme conseÌquence une reÌduction de leurs peuplements. La preÌsente eÌtude vise aÌ analyser la structure des peuplements et les modes de reÌgeÌneÌration des deux espeÌces dans deux secteurs agro-eÌcologiques contrasteÌes de la reÌgion de Maradi au centre sud du Niger. Au total, 60 releveÌs ont eÌteÌ deÌlimiteÌs, dâune part dans des formations naturelles domineÌes par ces espeÌces, et dâautre part dans les systeÌmes agrosylvopastoraux des secteurs saheÌlien et saheÌlo-soudanien. Dans chaque placette et sur chaque arbre, le diameÌtre aÌ 1,30 m au rasdu sol , la hauteur totale et deux diameÌtres perpendiculaires de houppier ont eÌteÌ mesureÌs. Lâinventaire de la reÌgeÌneÌration a eÌteÌ effectueÌ dans 5 placeaux. La nature de la reÌgeÌneÌration (drageon, marcotte, semis naturel), la hauteur totale et le nombre de tiges de chaque plantule ont eÌteÌ noteÌs. La densiteÌ de B. aegyptiaca ne varie significativement entre sites et entre secteurs. Par contre, la densiteÌ de Z. mauritiana varie significativement entre sites et entre secteurs. En effet, le site de Birni LalleÌ, situeÌ dans le secteur saheÌlien strict, et le site de Kegil dans le secteur saheÌlo-soudanien ont les densiteÌs les plus eÌleveÌes de Z. mauritiana avec respectivement 66,4 ± 52,5 et 77,5 ± 61,4 arbres/ha. Lâanalyse de la distribution des tiges par classe de diameÌtre montre que pour les deux espeÌces, les individus jeunes sont bien repreÌsenteÌs. Cela suggeÌre une bonne reÌgeÌneÌration de ces espeÌces. Lâanalyse de la densiteÌ et nature de reÌgeÌneÌration montre que les deux espeÌces se reÌgeÌneÌrent essentiellement par drageonnage. En reÌponse au ramassage des fruits pour diverses utilisations, les espeÌces B. aegyptiaca et Z. mauritiana ont deÌveloppeÌ des strateÌgies alternatives de propagation en zone saheÌlienne. Cette aptitude aÌ la propagation veÌgeÌtative permet aux deux espeÌces de sâadapter en zones arides caracteÌriseÌes par la seÌcheresse et les hautes tempeÌratures.Wood species play an important role in the life of local communities. Among the species commonly used in Niger, are Balanites aegyptiaca and Ziziphus mauritiana. This species are exploited as food sources and as various medicinal products, with a consequent reduction in their populations. The present study aims to analyze the stand structure and the regeneration modes of the two species in two contrasting agro-ecological sectors of the Maradi region in south central Niger. A total of 60 surveys were delineated in natural formations dominated by these species and in agrosilvopastoral system in the Sahelian and Sahelo-Sudanian zones. On each tree, the diameter at 1.30 m from the ground, the total height and two perpendicular tree crown diameters were measured. The inventory of natural regeneration was carried out in 5 plots delineated in each plot. The mode of reproduction of the regeneration (suckers, marcots, natural seedlings) was recorded as well as the total height and the number of stems of each juvenile were. The density of B. aegyptiaca does not vary significantly between sites and between sectors. The Birni LalleÌ site, located in the strict Sahelian zone, and the Kegil site in the Sahelo-Sudanese sector stand out in terms of Z. mauritiana density with respectively 66.4 ± 52.5 and 77.5 ± 61.4 trees. /Ha. The analysis of the diameter class structure shows that for both species, young individuals are well represented. This suggests strong regeneration among these species. The analysis of the density and nature of regeneration shows that the two species regenerate mainly by suckering. In response to the collection of fruits for various uses by local populations, B. aegyptiaca and Z. mauritiana have developed alternative propagation strategies in the Sahelian zone. This ability to propagate vegetatively allows these two species to adapt to arid areas characterized by drought and high temperatures