208 research outputs found
Effects of injection marination with various calcium sources and molar concentrations on display color life, tenderness, and microbial inhibition of beef loin steaks
Beef strip loins were assigned to one of
11 treatments that included injection
marination (10% by weight) with three
calcium salts at three molar concentrations,
a distilled water control, and a non-marinated
control. The effects of calcium
salt and concentration were tested for retail
display color life, tenderness and sensory
traits, and microbial growth. Calcium
lactate marinated steaks had longer color life
and less microbial growth than those treated
with calcium chloride or calcium ascorbate.
Increasing molar concentration (.1M to .2M to
.3M) caused faster color deterioration, and did
not significantly improve microbial inhibition.
All calcium treatments improved tenderness;
however, calcium chloride treatments induced
off-flavors. Considering a whole system
approach that accounts for color life, microbial
inhibition, shear force, and sensory traits, we
recommend injecting beef longissimus with
10% of a .1M solution of calcium lactate, and
do not recommend other calcium salts or
concentrations
History of clinical transplantation
How transplantation came to be a clinical discipline can be pieced together by perusing two volumes of reminiscences collected by Paul I. Terasaki in 1991-1992 from many of the persons who were directly involved. One volume was devoted to the discovery of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), with particular reference to the human leukocyte antigens (HLAs) that are widely used today for tissue matching.1 The other focused on milestones in the development of clinical transplantation.2 All the contributions described in both volumes can be traced back in one way or other to the demonstration in the mid-1940s by Peter Brian Medawar that the rejection of allografts is an immunological phenomenon.3,4 © 2008 Springer New York
Relationship between incommensurability and superconductivity in Peierls distorted charge-density-wave systems
We study the pairing potential induced by fluctuations around a
charge-density wave (CDW) with scattering vector Q by means of the Froehlich
transformation. For general commensurability M, defined as |k+M*Q>=|k>, we find
that the intraband pair scattering within the M subbands scales with M whereas
the interband pair scattering becomes suppressed with increasing CDW order
parameter. As a consequence superconductivity is suppressed when the Fermi
energy is located between the subbands as it is usually the case for nesting
induced CDW's, but due to the vertex renormalization it can be substantially
enhanced when the chemical potential is shifted sufficiently inside one of the
subbands. The model can help to understand the experimentally observed
dependence of the superconducting transition temperature from the stripe phase
incommensurability in the lanthanum cuprates.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figure
Neurodevelopmental and Perinatal Correlates of Simple Brain Metrics in Very Preterm Infants
OBJECTIVE: To explore perinatal correlates of 3 simple measures of brain size, known as metrics, in very preterm infants at term-equivalent age and their relationship to 2-year neurodevelopmental outcomes.DESIGN: Prospective cohort study of preterm infants born at a gestational age of less than 30 weeks or a weight of less than 1250 g between April 1, 2001, and December 31, 2003, and followed up at 2 years of corrected age. SETTING: The Royal Women\u27s Hospital and the magnetic resonance imaging unit at the Royal Children\u27s Hospital. PATIENTS: Two hundred thirty-six preterm infants. INTERVENTIONS: Brain metrics--biparietal, bifrontal, and transverse cerebellar diameters--on magnetic resonance imaging for preterm infants at term-equivalent age and neurodevelopmental assessments at 2 years of corrected age. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Mental Development Index and the Psychomotor Development Index of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Revised. RESULTS: Higher birth weight z score, shorter duration of assisted ventilation, and postmenstrual age at magnetic resonance imaging were independently associated with increases in the 3 brain metrics, and male sex was associated with larger bifrontal and biparietal diameters. Only the biparietal diameter was predictive of cognitive and motor indices after adjustment for perinatal variables and social risk. CONCLUSION: This study provides further evidence of altered brain growth in preterm infants, relating to growth restriction and severity of illness, that in turn relate to neurodevelopmental outcome
A Novel Quantitative Simple Brain Metric Using MR Imaging for Preterm Infants
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The application of volumetric techniques to preterm infants has revealed brain volume reductions. Such quantitative data are not available in routine neonatal radiologic care. The objective of this study was to develop simple brain metrics to compare brain size in preterm and term infants and to correlate these metrics with brain volumes from volumetric MR imaging techniques.MATERIALS AND METHODS: MR images from 189 preterm infants <30 weeksâ gestational age or <1250 g birthweight scanned at term-equivalent age and 36 term infants were studied. Fifteen tissue and fluid measures were systematically evaluated on 4 selected sections. The results were correlated with total brain, gray matter, white matter, and CSF volumes. RESULTS: The mean bifrontal, biparietal, and transverse cerebellar diameters were reduced (â11.6%, 95% confidence interval [CI], â13.8% to â9.3%; â12%, 95% CI, â14% to â9.8%; and â8.7%, 95% CI, â10.5% to â7% respectively) and the mean left ventricle diameter was increased (+22.3%, 95% CI, 2.9%â41.6%) in preterm infants (P < .01). Strong correlations were found between the bifrontal and biparietal measures with total brain tissue volume, whereas the size of the ventricles and the interhemispheric measure correlated with CSF volume. Intraobserver reliability was high (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICC], >0.7), where interobserver agreement was acceptable for tissue measures (ICC, >0.6) but lower for fluid measures (ICC, <0.4) CONCLUSIONS: Simple brain metrics at term-equivalent age showed smaller brain diameters and increased ventricle size in preterm infants compared with full-term infants. These measures represent a reliable and easily applicable method to quantify brain growth and assess brain atrophy in this at-risk population
Biometric hoof evaluation of athletic horses of show jumping, barrel, long rope and polo modalities
Upper critical field for underdoped high-T_c superconductors. Pseudogap and stripe--phase
We investigate the upper critical field in a stripe--phase and in the
presence of a phenomenological pseudogap. Our results indicate that the
formation of stripes affects the Landau orbits and results in an enhancement of
. On the other hand, phenomenologically introduced pseudogap leads to a
reduction of the upper critical field. This effect is of particular importance
when the magnitude of the gap is of the order of the superconducting transition
temperature. We have found that a suppression of the upper critical field takes
place also for the gap that originates from the charge--density waves.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure
The Williams Scale of Attitude toward Paganism: development and application among British Pagans
This article builds on the tradition of attitudinal measures of religiosity established by Leslie Francis and colleagues with the Francis Scale of Attitude toward Christianity (and reflected in the Sahin-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Islam, the Katz-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Judaism, and the Santosh-Francis Scale of Attitude toward Hinduism) by introducing a new measure to assess the attitudinal disposition of Pagans. A battery of items was completed by 75 members of a Pagan Summer Camp. These items were reduced to produce a 21-item scale that measured aspects of Paganism concerned with: the God/Goddess, worshipping, prayer, and coven. The scale recorded an alpha coefficient of 0.93. Construct validity of the Williams Scale of Attitude toward Paganism was demonstrated by the clear association with measures of participation in private rituals
Highly optimized tolerance in epidemic models incorporating local optimization and regrowth
Customer emotions in service failure and recovery encounters
Emotions play a significant role in the workplace, and considerable attention has been given to the study of employee emotions. Customers also play a central function in organizations, but much less is known about customer emotions. This chapter reviews the growing literature on customer emotions in employeeâcustomer interfaces with a focus on service failure and recovery encounters, where emotions are heightened. It highlights emerging themes and key findings, addresses the measurement, modeling, and management of customer emotions, and identifies future research streams. Attention is given to emotional contagion, relationships between affective and cognitive processes, customer anger, customer rage, and individual differences
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