15 research outputs found
Genetic variation and diversity of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] genotypes assessed for millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella resistance, in West Africa
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.), the
major source of minerals and dietary energy for people
living in the semi-arid regions of Sahel, is regularly
damaged by millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella.
In order to identify the plant-based resistance
sources for millet head miner along with high
grain Fe and Zn, we have screened forty pearl millet
genotypes, using an artificial infestation method.
Analysis of variance revealed significant differences
in the genotypes tested for head miner resistance. The
genotypes Gamoji, ICMP 177001, ICMP 177002,
ICMV 177003, ICMV IS 90311, LCIC9702, Souna 3,
ICMV IS 94206 and PE08043 exhibited antibiosis
resistance mechanism to Heliocheilus albipunctella
with appreciable agronomy and grain yield when
compared with the susceptible check ICMV IS 92222.
The genotypes Faringuero, ICMV 167005, ICMV IS
99001, Sadore local, SOSAT-C88, and ICMP 177004
exhibited tolerance to head miner damage with good
per se performance. The genotypes ICMP 177001,
ICMP 177002, ICMV 177003, and Moro exhibited
resistance to millet head miner and had consistent
grain Fe content across seasons (ranging from 44 to
70 ppm). Association between the head miner resistance
and morphological traits showed a positive and significant correlation of larval production index (%)
with head miner damage (r = 0.59**). Grain Fe and
Zn contents exhibited negative association with panicle
length and grain yield indicating proper care
should be taken in breeding for these traits. Hence, the
identified resistance sources can be effectively utilized
in breeding head miner resistant pearl millet OPV’s/
hybrids, with high grain yield including Fe and Zn
concentrations, to overcome the hunger and malnutrition
seen in populations living in the semi-arid tropics
Conventional and Molecular Breeding Approaches for Biofortification of Pearl Millet
Pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] is an essential diet of more than 90
million people in the semi-arid tropics of the world where droughts and low fertility
of soils cause frequent failures of other crops. It is an important nutri-rich grain
cereal in the drier regions of the world grown on 26 mha by millions of farmers
(IFAD 1999; Yadav and Rai 2013). This makes pearl millet the sixth most important
crop in the world and fourth most important food crop of the India, next to rice,
wheat, and maize with annual cultivation over an area of ~8 mha. Pearl millet is also
primary food crop in sub-Saharan Africa and is grown on 15 mha (Yadav and Rai
2013). The significant increase in productivity of pearl millet in India is attributed
to development and adoption of hybrids of early to medium duration maturity. More
than 120 diverse hybrids/varieties have been released till date for various production
environments. The heterosis breeding and improved crop management technologies
increased productivity substantially achieving higher increased production of
9.80 mt in 2016–2017 from 2.60 mt in 1950–1951 in spite of declined of area under
the crop by 20–30% over last two decades (Yadav et al. 2012)
Challenges to understand the mitochondrial respiratory diseases caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations
Heterogeneity of six children and their mothers with mitochondrial DNA 3243 A>G mutation
Genetic variation and diversity of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.)] genotypes assessed for millet head miner, Heliocheilus albipunctella resistance, in West Africa
Frequency of MELAS main mutation in a phenotype-targeted young ischemic stroke patient population
Data from: Conservation priorities for endangered coastal North African Pennisetum glaucum L. landrace populations as inferred from phylogenetic considerations and population structure analysis
The increasing anthropologic pressure and the modernization of agriculture have led to a forsaking of pearl millet traditional cultivars inducing a progressive loss of the genetic variability encompassed in this locally-adapted germplasm. Imperatively, national efforts based on robust data gleaned from genetic surveys have to be undertaken in order to set up suitable conservation priorities. Inthis study, in addition to the assessment of the genetic diversity and population structure among and within a set of seven pearl millet landrace populations from coastal North Africa, demographic and phylogenetic data, conservation priority scores were calculated according to Vane-Wright et al. (1991). To date, genetic diversity of pearl millet in North Africa is still poorly documented. The present survey reports for the first time the use of highly informative nSSR markers (PIC =0.74) on P. glaucum landraces representative of the Mediterranean coastline of North Africa. A high level of genetic diversity was obtained within the investigated landraces (He=0.80) at the population level. FST, AFC-3D and Bayesian clustering underlined significant differentiation and an apparent genetic structure according to geographical origin. Phylogenetic considerations integrated with demographic and genetic information enabled conclusive inferences of highly prioritized populations for conservation. Populations Haouaria, Hammem Laghzez, Mahdia and Medenine representatives of the main pearl millet growing areas in Tunisia and cultivated in the North African littoral should be strongly recommended for an ex-situ conservation program. Dynamic on-farm conservation method is also required as it allows to the local landraces to evolve in different environments while maintaining their adaptation potentials