Differential splicing of three gonadotropin-releasing hormone transcripts in the ovary of seabream (Sparus aurata).

Previous studies demonstrated the presence of high-affinity GnRH binding sites and compounds with GnRH-like activity in the ovary of seabream, Sparus aurata, providing evidence for the role of GnRH as a paracrine/autocrine regulator of ovarian function in this species. In the present study, the expression of three forms of GnRH (salmon, chicken-II, and seabream) genes in this marine teleost species was demonstrated for the first time. Moreover, there is evidence for differential splicing and intronic expression of cGnRH-II and sbGnRH. Treatment of seabream follicle-enclosed oocytes with salmon GnRH stimulated reinitiation of oocyte meiosis, whereas chicken GnRH-II treatment was without effect. Novel information was also provided about organization of cGnRH-II and seabream GnRH transcripts, confirming that GnRH gene organization is maintained through evolution, despite changes in the size and sequence of exons and intron

Analisis Risiko Kesehatan Akibat Konsumsi Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum) yang Mengandung Residu Profenofos di Kabupaten Gowa

Tomato is of high nutritional value so highly favored by the entire community. In tomato production activities can not be separated from the use of pesticides. This study aims to determine the health risk from consumption of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) containing residues of profenofos in Subdistrict Tamaona at Gowa Regency. This study is an observational method to study the draft Environmental Health Risk Analysis. Profenofos concentrations were measured using Gas Chromatography (GC), whereas body weight, intake rate, and frequency of exposure quantitatively measured through questionnaires to interview 100 respondents to calculate Intake profenofos and health Risk Quotient (RQ). Profenofos concentration in the vegetable tomatoes detected in samples I, II, and V, while the samples III and IV are not detected, the highest concentration in the sample V is 0.5234 mg/kg and the average concentration of 0.37003 mg/kg. Based on these results, the concentration of profenofos in tomato vegetable still below the MRL established SNI 2009 is 2.0 mg/kg. For the analysis of the results showed a total of 88 respondents Carcinogens RQ has an average value of RQ ≤ 1 and 12 respondents had RQ values > 1. For Non-Carcinogenic RQ many as 18 respondents had an average RQ values ≤ 1 and 82 respondents had RQ values> 1. Group with RQ values ≤ 1 categorized as a safe group, whereas the group with RQ > 1 is called risk groups to the effects of carcinogens or non-carcinogens disease. Management of health risk reduction needs to be done as they see the risk of exposure to carcinogens and disease profenofos both non-carcinogenic diseases. Keywords: Environmental Health Risk Analysis, Profenofos, Tomato, Tamaon

Gambaran Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracun Di Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak Luwuk Kabupaten Banggai Sulawesi Tengah

Kegiatan Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak Luwuk Kabupaten Banggai Sulawesi Tengah dapat menimbulkan potensi untuk menurunkan kualitas lingkungan atau degradasi lingkungan terutama yang terkait dengan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun di Terminal Bahan Bakar Minyak Luwuk Kabupaten Banggai Sulawesi Tengah.Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan pendekatan deskriptif dengan objk studi adalah rangkaian proses pengelolaan limbah B3 dengan mengunakan analisis univariat yaitu analisis yang dilakukan untuk menggambarkan distribusi frekuensi dari tiap variable. Hasil penelitian adalah kegiatan penyimpanan sementara, pengumpulan,  pengangkutan dan kegiatan pengolahan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun sudah memenuhi syarat sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 101 tahun 2014  tentang pengelolaan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun serta kegiatan penimbunan dan pemanfaatan limbah dialihkan ke pihak ke-3. Saran berdasarkan penelitian ini, antara lain : (1) Sebaiknya pihak HSSE  selalu melakukan pemantauan terhadap penyimpanan, pengumpulan, pengangkutan,  pemanfaatan, penimbunan dan label limbah B3. (2) Meningkatan pengawasan pengolahan limbah B3 yang  dilakukan oleh pihak ke-3. (4) Melengkapi tempat penyimpanan sementara limbah B3 dengan eye wash dan pagar pengaman serta, (5)Mengadakan pelatihan khusus mengenai pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun. Kata Kunci : Luwuk, Pengelolaan Limbah, Bahan Berbahaya Dan Beracu

International Consensus Statement on Rhinology and Allergy: Rhinosinusitis

Background: The 5 years since the publication of the first International Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed foundational progress in our understanding and treatment of rhinologic disease. These advances are reflected within the more than 40 new topics covered within the ICAR‐RS‐2021 as well as updates to the original 140 topics. This executive summary consolidates the evidence‐based findings of the document. Methods: ICAR‐RS presents over 180 topics in the forms of evidence‐based reviews with recommendations (EBRRs), evidence‐based reviews, and literature reviews. The highest grade structured recommendations of the EBRR sections are summarized in this executive summary. Results: ICAR‐RS‐2021 covers 22 topics regarding the medical management of RS, which are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Additionally, 4 topics regarding the surgical management of RS are grade A/B and are presented in the executive summary. Finally, a comprehensive evidence‐based management algorithm is provided. Conclusion: This ICAR‐RS‐2021 executive summary provides a compilation of the evidence‐based recommendations for medical and surgical treatment of the most common forms of RS

Evaluation of morphologic changes of mandibular symphysis after chin cup therapy in skeletally Cl III patients

Background and Aim: Chin cup is an orthopedic appliance for treating growing skeletally Cl III patients. The amount of chin forward movement in addition to morphologic changes in bony structure, determines the final profile of treated patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of morphologic changes of symphysis after chin cup therapy in skeletally Cl III patients.Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, twenty eight cephalometries before and after chin cup therapy of 14 skeletally Cl III patients were analyzed. Landmarks introduced by Ricketts were determined to evaluate the symphysis and describe its relation to mandible. َAlso four additional measurements regarding the symphysis individually were evaluated and analyzed. Data were analyzed by paired t and pearson tests with P<0.05 as the level of significance.Results: The results showed that the height of symphysis increased after treatment (P=0.02), but its depth decreased (P=0.04). The sysmphysis turned down and back.Conclusion: These findings suggest that in Cl III malocclusions with a prognathic mandible, chin cup therapy creates changes in the horizontal dimension of symphysis morphology, which improves the Cl III profile. If the patient isn't a vertical grower, vertical changes of symphysis would be desirable. In addition, changes in the vertical dimension of the mandible (body and ramus) could be observed as a backward and downward rotation

Presence and activity of compounds with GnRH-like activity in the ovary of seabream Sparus aurata.

The binding and activity of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) were characterized in the mature gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) ovary by use of an analogue of salmon GnRH([D-Arg6,Trp7,Leu8,Pro9-N(Et)]GnRH, sGnRH-A) as labeled ligand. The binding of 125I-sGnRH-A to the seabream ovarian membrane preparation was saturable, displaceable, reversible, and dependent on time, temperature and tissue concentration. Addition of unlabeled s-GnRH-A displaced the radio-ligand in a dose-related manner, indicating the presence of one class of high-affinity binding sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 45.5 +/- 6.2 nM. Addition of other GnRH peptides, including salmon GnRH ([Trp7,Leu8]GnRH) and chicken GnRH-II ([His5,Trp7,Tyr8]GnRH), also displaced 125I-sGnRH-A; all these peptides bound with lower affinities than sGnRH-A to the seabream ovarian binding site. In this study, we also demonstrated the presence of compounds with GnRH-like activity in the ovary of seabream. Seabream ovarian extract stimulated pituitary gonadotropin release from the goldfish pituitary and displaced 125I-sGnRH-A binding in the seabream ovary. Furthermore, addition of sGnRH-A to cultured seabream oocytes directly stimulated reinitiation of oocyte meiosis, as indicated by germinal vesicle breakdown. Overall, the present study characterizes GnRH-binding sites in the seabream ovary and supports the hypothesis that GnRH or compounds with GnRH-like activity play an autocrine/paracrine role in the regulation of ovarian function in the seabream ovary

Receptor binding of gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists that inhibit release of gonadotropin-II and growth hormone in goldfish, Carassius auratus

In goldfish, GnRH stimulates gonadotropin-II (GTH-II) and growth hormone (GH) release. The two native forms of GnRH, salmon GnRH (sGnRH) and chicken GnRH-II (cGnRH-II), bind to two classes of GnRH binding sites: high- affinity/low-capacity sites and low-affinity/high-capacity sites. Our previous in vitro perifusion studies of goldfish pituitary fragments showed that [Ac-Δ3-Pro1, 4FD-Phe2, D-Trp3,6]-mGnRH (analog E), [Ac-Δ3- Pro1, 4FD-Phe2, D-Trp3,6]-sGnRH (analog C), and [Ac-D(2)Nal1, 4Cl-D- Phe2, D-(3)Pal3,6]-cGnRH-II (analog N) inhibited both sGnRH- and cGnRH- II-stimulated GTH-II and GH release. Interestingly, analog C stimulated GH release but not GTH-II release. The objectives of the present study were 1) to test the site of action of GnRH antagonists in goldfish, 2) to test the relationship between receptor binding affinity of antagonists and their in vitro inhibitory potencies and apparent duration of action, and 3) to compare the binding characteristics of analog C with its differential action on GTH- II and GH release. As in previous studies, analog E suppressed sGnRH- stimulated GTH-II and GH release from perifused pituitary fragments. Similarly, analog E suppressed both sGnRH- and cGnRH-II-stimulated GTH-II and GH release from perifused dispersed goldfish pituitary cells, indicating the direct action of GnRH antagonists at the pituitary cell level. In the receptor binding studies, analog E displaced 125I-[D-Arg6, Pro9NHEt]- sGnRH (sGnRH-A) from crude goldfish pituitary membrane preparations in a dose-dependent manner. The binding affinities to high-affinity GnRH binding sites of analog E, analog C, and analog N were significantly higher than those of native sGnRH and sGnRH-A. The rank order of high affinity was analog N ≥ C > E, and binding affinity had no positive relation with the inhibitory effects of these analogs on GTH-II or GH release in vitro. In conclusion, GnRH antagonists inhibit native GnRH-stimulated GTH-II and GH release by competitively binding to binding sites at the pituitary cells, although there was no positive relation between receptor binding affinity and in vitro GTH- II or GH release-inhibiting potency of the analogs tested.published_or_final_versio