16 research outputs found
Le droit en débat
Ă propos de lâarticle DROIT NATUREL, il sâagit de repĂ©rer la maniĂšre de procĂ©der de Diderot : non pas dĂ©finir mais dĂ©fendre et Ă cette fin, dĂ©terminer le cadre dâun dĂ©bat en la matiĂšre, pour se mettre en Ă©tat de rĂ©pondre au « raisonneur violent » qui ferait litiĂšre de tout droit. Autrement dit, Diderot suspend la dĂ©termination mĂȘme du droit Ă lâexercice dĂ©mocratique du dĂ©bat public et renoue, de la sorte, avec la « noble sophistique », au regard de laquelle Platon (Rousseau ?) inaugure la philosophie.Discussing lawThis article studies Diderotâs method in the article DROIT NATUREL: he does not seek to define but defend, and for that purpose to fix the outlines of a debate on the subject, in order to be able to reply to the âviolent reasonerâ who ignores all laws. In other words, Diderot makes the very determination of law depend on the âdemocraticâ exercise of public debate and thus goes back to the ânoble sophistryâ, the context in which Plato (Rousseau ?) inaugurated philosophy
Le malĂ©fice de lâinnocence
Il sâagit dâabord de rĂ©flĂ©chir aux conditions particuliĂšres qui sont requises pour Ă©crire lâhistoire de « ce qui nâaurait jamais dĂ» arriver » : non pas sine ira et studio, mais nĂ©cessairement Ă partir dâune « imagination terrifiĂ©e » qui ne se dĂ©part point de la volontĂ© de comprendre. Ă cet Ă©gard, il est loisible de croiser la rĂ©flexion dâHannah Arendt sur « lâimage de lâEnfer » et le rĂ©cit dâImre KertĂ©sz, Ă©pinglant, de façon sarcastique, les facilitĂ©s indigentes des propos tenus avec la componction de mise. Il est frappant que ces deux tentatives, si diverses, ne laissent pas, lâune et lâautre, de dĂ©noncer lâhorreur dâune « innocence » Ă laquelle les victimes sont consignĂ©es
Jugé est-il réservé aux juges ? : Cours méthodique et populaire de philosophie
Cours : parce que, nĂ©e d'un travail solitaire, la philosophie dĂ©bat en public et qu'on apprend Ă philosopher ; mĂ©thodique : parce que la philosophie tient tout entiĂšre dans la dĂ©marche qu'elle met en Ćuvre pour forger son questionnement - en constant renouvellement ; populaire : parce que cet exercice de la raison s'adresse Ă tous, pense la vie immĂ©diate et participe de plein droit Ă la CitĂ©. Ces « cours mĂ©thodiques et populaires » permettront donc Ă un large public de se familiariser avec la philosophie, ses grands auteurs et ses thĂ©matiques incontournables.Lieu : ConfĂ©rences enregistrĂ©e dans les auditoriums de la BibliothĂšque nationale de Franc
Special seminar "Quaternary Prevention (P4) or First do not harm "
Quaternary prevention (P4), an answer of family doctors facing overmedicalization aims to protect the patient or population against the dangers of medicine. Harmful effects can appear with preventive activities (example: prostate cancer screening by PSA) such as by therapeutic interventions (example: disruptive medicine). P4 promoted by the Wonca (World Organization of Family Doctors) is practiced in different ways around the world. The seminar should present examples of teaching and application of P4 in different countries. 6 short talks (total 45 min) will be followed by an open roundtable about the philosophical aspects of P4, where the audience can participate. Asking the question: « is acting always justified in medicine? », P4 opens our thinking to a philosophy of action. Questioning the best way to reduce uncertainty, P4 is rooted in a philosophy of knowledge. How to decide action or abstention? How to appreciate the danger of both? How to accompany a patient without harmful effects (primum non nocere)?
More about P4 on www.ph3c.org/p4
Diversity of the Pacific Ocean coral reef microbiome
Abstract Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on Earth. They support high biodiversity of multicellular organisms that strongly rely on associated microorganisms for health and nutrition. However, the extent of the coral reef microbiome diversity and its distribution at the oceanic basin-scale remains to be explored. Here, we systematically sampled 3 coral morphotypes, 2 fish species, and planktonic communities in 99 reefs from 32 islands across the Pacific Ocean, to assess reef microbiome composition and biogeography. We show a very large richness of reef microorganisms compared to other environments, which extrapolated to all fishes and corals of the Pacific, approximates the current estimated total prokaryotic diversity for the entire Earth. Microbial communities vary among and within the 3 animal biomes (coral, fish, plankton), and geographically. For corals, the cross-ocean patterns of diversity are different from those known for other multicellular organisms. Within each coral morphotype, community composition is always determined by geographic distance first, both at the island and across ocean scale, and then by environment. Our unprecedented sampling effort of coral reef microbiomes, as part of the Tara Pacific expedition, provides new insight into the global microbial diversity, the factors driving their distribution, and the biocomplexity of reef ecosystems