PENERIMAAN DIRI SESEORANG SEBAGAI ORANG DENGAN HIV/AIDS (ODHA) DI MALANG (Study Di Yayasan Cahaya Kasih Peduli WPA Turen)

People with HIV/AIDS self-acceptance of their status is a complex problem for people with HIV/AIDS. One of the problems of people living with HIV/AIDS in self-acceptance occurs at the Cahaya Kasih Care Foundation WPA Turen. In the process of self-acceptance, people with HIV/AIDS often experience problems. This study aims to describe the problems experienced by people with HIV/AIDS and the process of people with HIV/AIDS in accepting their status. This study uses a qualitative approach and a case study type of research. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subject determination technique used was purposive sampling from Sugiyono. While the data validity technique used is a credibility test. The results of the study show that in self-acceptance people with HIV/AIDS experience psychological, physical and social problems. Meanwhile, in the process of self-acceptance of people living with HIV/AIDS, they experience the following stages: aversion, curiosity, tolerance, allowing, friendship/awakening

Tabah Sampai Akhir

AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) merupakan satu gejala penyakit atau sindroma yang dapat menyebabkan sistem kekebalan tubuh seseorang menjadi lemah yang disebabkan oleh virus HIV. Seseorang yang didiagnosis terinfeksi HIV/AIDS akan mengalami banyak perubahan dalam berbagai aspek kehidupan. Tujuan dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui secara lebih mendalam mengenai latar belakang keluarga terinfeksi HIV/AIDS dan bentuk dukungan sosial yang diberikan kepada keluarga penderita HIV/AIDS. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Pengumpulan data menggunakan wawancara semi struktur, observasi dan mengumpulkan dokumentasi pribadi seperti catatan harian. Partisipan penelitian yaitu sepasang suami istri penderita HIV/AIDS yang memiliki anak terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Peneliti juga melakukan wawancara kepada kerabat dekat dari keluarga tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terinfeksi HIV pada pasangan suami istri memberikan dampak bagi kehidupan pribadi maupun keluarga, yang meliputi dampak psikologi, ekonomi, sosial, kesehatan dan pola asuh. Pasangan, anak, teman dan kelompok dukungan sebaya berperan penting dalam pemberian dukungan sosial pada anggota keluarga yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS. Dukungan sosial yang diterima berupa dukungan informatif, emosional, dan instrumental. Adanya dukungan sosial serta peningkatan perilaku religius membantu penderita HIV/AIDS dan keluarga dalam menjalani perubahan yang terjadi. Kata kunci : keluarga terinfeksi HIV, dampak terinfeksi HIV, dukungan sosia

Estimating resource needs for HIV/AIDS health care services in low-income and middle-income countries.

As funding mechanisms like the Global Fund for HIV/AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria increasingly make funding decisions on the basis of burden of disease estimates and financial need calculations, the importance of reliable and comparable estimating methods is growing. This paper presents a model for estimating HIV/AIDS health care resource needs in low- and middle-income countries. The model presented was the basis for the United Nations' call for US dollars 9.2 billion to address HIV/AIDS in developing countries by 2005 with US dollars 4.4 billion to address HIV/AIDS health care and the rest to deal with HIV/AIDS prevention. The model has since been updated and extended to produce estimates for 2007. This paper details the methods and assumptions used to estimate HIV/AIDS health care financial needs and it discusses the limitations and data needs for this model

Bolstering State Efforts to Implement the National HIV/AIDS Strategy: Key Indicators and Recommendations for Policymakers and Community Stakeholders

The report builds upon the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) 2014 "State Prevention Progress Report," which provided state-level data on indicators related to national HIV prevention goals. The release of the report coincides with the release by the White House Office of National AIDS Policy of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy Update, which sets priorities to guide the nation's HIV response through 2020. While significant progress has been made since the release of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy in 2010, the report indicates that states can, and should, do more to align their efforts with the national goals of 1) reducing new infections; 2) increasing access to care and improving health outcomes for people with HIV; and 3) reducing HIV-related health disparities

Assessing the Readiness of Nairobi Deaf Youth to Accept a Best-practice HIV/AIDS Intervention

After nearly forty years of HIV/AIDS research in the global community, data on HIV/AIDS in the Deaf population is still disproportionately neglected. No surveillance system is in place to monitor prevalence, awareness or mode of HIV infection in the Deaf community. Additionally, prevention and education interventions have yet to be tailored to meet the specific needs of this highly vulnerable population. Purpose: This project attempted to assess the readiness of the Nairobi Deaf youth community to accept a best-practice HIV/AIDS intervention. The broad objective of this research was to assess HIV awareness, perceptions and behaviors of Deaf youth in regards to HIV/AIDS in Nairobi, Kenya. Method: This project used the snowball sampling method to conduct a survey using a combination of pre-coded, and open-answer questions conducted with 60 Deaf youth (18-35) in Nairobi, Kenya. Interviews included topics of HIV/AIDS knowledge, risk perception, and risk behaviors. Results: The Nairobi Deaf youth community is unequipped to accept a best practice HIV/AIDS intervention at this time. Efforts need to be made to increase risk perception and develop social support. Also, comprehensive prevalence research needs to be conducted in this population. Conclusion: Based on the data collected in this survey and a review of literature, a peer-led, extracurricular education campaign seems to be the most acceptable best-practice intervention for targeting Deaf youth. Additionally, a supplementary, video-based, multifaceted language component would be suggested

Normalization of Negative Stigma Against HIV/AIDS Patients: A Systematic Review of the Literature

Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a public health problem that stigmatizes its victims. Mental attacks, as a result of labeling and discrimination, result in psychological suffering and well-being for persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), necessitating adequate treatment. Thus, it is critical for this research to undertake a systematic assessment of scientific articles on Negative Stigma Against People Living with HIV/AIDS. This study used a descriptive analysis approach to examine publications containing the terms HIV/AIDS stigma that were published in the Scopus database between 2011 and 2018. The data is then processed and visualized using Vosviewer software, and the results show the four most dominant concepts studied by the previous author, namely human, female and human immunodeficiency virus infection. The contribution of this research is to become a reference to find out the root of the problem and the harmful impact of stigmatization on people with HIV/AIDS to help formulate recommendations for prevention and treatment that can be done (normalization). However, this research is limited because the data source only comes from Scopus. Therefore, to produce a comparative, broad, and comprehensive analysis, further studies need to include sources of other reputable international journals such as the Web of Science (WoS)

The Malawi Religion Project:

Scholars have recently become increasingly interested in the role religion plays in the responses to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Here, we present the Malawi Religion Project (MRP), which provides data to examine the relationship between religion and HIV/AIDS through surveys and in-depth interviews with denominational leaders, congregational leaders and congregation members in three districts of rural Malawi. In the paper, we outline existing perspectives on the religion-HIV/AIDS link describe the MRP’s design, implementation and subsequent data; provide initial evidence for a series of general research hypotheses; and describe how these data can be used both to extend explorations of these relationships further and as a model for gathering similar data in other contexts. In particular we highlight the unique possibilities this project provides for analyses that link MRP data to the Malawi Diffusion and Ideational Change Project. These linked data produce a multi-level data set covering individuals, congregations and their communities allowing empirical research on religion, HIV/AIDS risk, related behaviors, attitudes and norms.AIDS/HIV, data collection, Malawi, religion

The epidemiology of HIV infection in Zambia

Population surveys of health and fertility are an important source of information about demographic trends and their likely impact on the HIV/AIDS epidemic. In contrast to groups sampled at health facilities they can provide nationally and regionally representative estimates of a range of variables. Data on HIV sero-status were collected in the 2001-2 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey (ZDHS) and made available in a separate data file in which HIV status was linked to a very limited set of demographic variables. We utilized this data set to examine associations between HIV prevalence, gender, age and geographical location. We apply the generalized geo-additive semi-parametric model as an alternative to the common linear model, in the context of analyzing the prevalence of HIV infection. This model enables us to account for spatial auto-correlation, non-linear, location effects on the prevalence of HIV infection at the disaggregated provincial level (9 provinces) and assess temporal and geographical variation in the prevalence of HIV infection, while simultaneously controlling for important risk factors. 54 % of the overall sample of 3950 was female. The overall HIV positivity rate was 565 (14.3%). The mean age at HIV diagnosis for male was 30.3 (SD: 11.2) and 27.7 (SD: 9.3) for female respectively. Lusaka and Copperbelt have the first and second highest prevalence of AIDS/HIV (marginal odds ratios of 3.24 and 2.88 respectively) but when the younger age of the urban population and the spatial auto-correlation was taken into account Lusaka and Copper belt were no longer among the areas with the highest prevalence. Nonlinear effects of age at HIV diagnosis were also discussed and the importance of spatial residual effects and control of confounders on the prevalence of HIV infection. The study was conducted to assess the spatia pattern and the effect of confounding risk factors on AIDS/HIV prevalence and to develop a means of adjusting estimates of AIDS/HIV prevalence on the important risk factors. Controlling for important risk factors such as geographical location (spatial auto-correlation), age structure of the population, gender gave estimates of prevalence that are statistically robust. Researchers should be encouraged to use all available information in the data to account for important risk factors when reporting AIDS/HIV prevalence. Where this is not possible, correction factors should be applied, particularly where estimates of AIDS/HIV prevalence are pooled in systematic reviews. Our maps can be used for policy planning and management of AIDS/HIV in Zambia

INCORPORATING EPIDEMIOLOGICAL PROJECTIONS OF MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY INTO AN OPEN ECONOMY GROWTH MODEL: AIDS IN SOUTH AFRICA

HIV prevalence dynamics are introduced into a three sector, neoclassical growth model. The model is calibrated to South African national accounts data and used to examine the potential impact of HIV/AIDS on economic growth. Projections portend if left unchecked, the long run impact of HIV and AIDS could drive South African GDP to levels that are over 60% less than no-HIV levels, with AIDS death rates decreasing the long run stock of labor by over 60%.Health Economics and Policy,