ゴガク キョウイク ノ アリカタ ニツイテ トクシュウ ダイガク ノ ゴガク キョウイク オ カンガエル

大学生の学力、特に外国語能力の低下、2002年度からの小学校での英語教育の導入など語学教育に関する話題、さらには今後、小中高で実施される文部省新学習指導要領では｢生きる力｣や｢ゆとり｣が強調され、｢総合的な学習｣のカリキュラム設定など

モモのさし木繁殖に関する基礎的研究 I : 体内養分と発根との関係(農学部門)

モモの優良台木育成に際し, 繁殖技術としてさし木繁殖が有用であると考え, さし木繁殖に関する基礎的資料を得るため, 栽培品種を供試して, さし木適期, さし穂貯蔵条件および休眠枝ざしにおける体内養分の変化について検討した。季節的発根能力は6月および12月から1月にかけて成績良好であり, 体内C/N率も同時期において高いことが認められた。休眠枝貯蔵中には貯蔵期間が長くなるに従い, 一般に炭水化物の減少がみられ, 特にでん粉の減少が顕著であった。冷蔵は砂貯蔵より炭水化物の減少に及ぼす影響が大きかった。窒素は貯蔵期間中, 大きな変化は認められなかった。休眠枝ざしの発根率は大久保, 白桃において65.0%, 58.8%であったが, 白鳳は発根に至らなかった。白鳳では置床後の萌芽率が高いのが注目された。置床期間中, 体内C/N率は置床前半でさし穂の基部側が高い傾向があったが, 品種間では白鳳のC/N率が最も少ないのが他2品種と比べて特異であった。Recently, there have been interesting aspect about dwarfing rootstocks for peach as well as apple. Concerning with the propagation of such superior peach rootstocks containing the rootstocks which are resistant to root-knot species of nematode, the propagation by cuttings would be expected as available method. In this study, some experiments were made to obtain the fundamental informations for cuttings of peach. Among all seasons tried, the rooting ability was high in cuttings planted in June and in December-January, and it was also found that C/N ratio was high in scion of peach at the same season. The total carbohydrate contents in scion generally decreased according as storage continued, especially starch contents remarkable. The decrease in total carbohydrate contents was affected more markedly by refrigeration than by stratification with sand. The nitrogen contents remained relatively constant during planting period, though with some increase at the latter term. A rooting of 65.0% and 58.8% was obtained with \u27Okubo\u27 and \u27Hakuto\u27 cuttings respectively. In contrast, none of \u27Hakuho\u27 cuttings produced roots. High percentage of the sprouting in \u27Hakuho\u27 cuttings was observed at the first stage of planting period. It seems tendentious that C/N ratio in basal stem of cuttings showed higher value than in upper stem. Comparing with rooted \u27Okubo\u27, \u27Hakuto\u27 and non-rooted \u27Hakuho\u27, the latter had less C/N ratio

Final height and cardiometabolic outcomes in young adults with very low birth weight (<1500 g).

OBJECTIVE: Individuals with very low birth weight (VLBW; <1500 g) are known to be predisposed to both short final height and cardiometabolic disorders. However, associations between final height and cardiometabolic outcomes including glucose metabolism in VLBW individuals in young adulthood are not fully investigated. METHODS: We investigated glucose metabolism and other cardiometabolic outcomes such as lipid profiles, blood pressure, renal function, urinary albumin, and thyroid function in young adults with VLBW born between 1980 and 1990. Short stature was defined as a final height <10th percentile. Glucose intolerance [diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and impaired fasting glucose (IFG)] was determined using 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests. Associations between final height and cardiometabolic outcomes were examined using logistic or multiple linear regression. RESULTS: A total of 628 VLBW individuals were screened and 111 young adults with VLBW (19-30 years) participated in the study. Of the participants, 40 subjects (36%) had short stature with a final height <10th percentile. Eight subjects (7.2%) had glucose intolerance (1, diabetes; 6, IGT; 1, IFG). Short stature was correlated with glucose intolerance (odds ratio 11.1; 95% CI 1.92, 99.7; P = 0.006). Final height was inversely associated with the homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) of insulin resistance, HOMA-β, insulinogenic index, and total/LDL-cholesterol. The associations of final height with insulin sensitivity and lipid profiles remained after adjustment for target height and age at puberty onset. CONCLUSIONS: Shorter final height was associated with less favorable metabolic profiles in young adults with VLBW, and may be partly mediated by reduced insulin sensitivity. These associations were independent of target height or age at puberty onset

Associations between final height and cardiometabolic outcomes in young adults with VLBW in the primary and extended analyses.

<p>*Associations were adjusted for sex, body weight, family history of diabetes, and SGA/AGA.</p>†<p>Associations were adjusted for sex, body weight, family history of diabetes, SGA/AGA, target height, and age at puberty onset.</p>‡<p>Measured during 75-g oral glucose tolerance tests.</p>§<p>eGFR = 194×Cre^−1.094× Age^−0.287 (×0.739 for females).</p><p>AGA, appropriate for gestational age; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; fT4, free T4; SGA, small for gestational age; TSH, thyroid stimulating hormone.</p><p>Associations between final height and cardiometabolic outcomes in young adults with VLBW in the primary and extended analyses.</p

Parental height, target height, and age at puberty onset of subjects with VLBW who were included in the extended analyses.

<p>Data are expressed as the mean (SD) or <i>n</i> (%).</p><p>*<i>P</i> values are shown for the comparison between males and females.</p>†<p>Below the target height and <10th percentile.</p><p>Parental height, target height, and age at puberty onset of subjects with VLBW who were included in the extended analyses.</p

Subject disposition.

<p>Subject disposition.</p