Comparative Genital Morphology, Phylogeny, and Classification of the Orchid Bee Genus Euglossa Latreille (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with Distributional Modeling of Adventive Euglossines

Orchid bees (tribe Euglossini) are conspicuous members of the corbiculate bees owing to their metallic coloration, long labiomaxillary complex, and the fragrance-collecting behavior of the males, more prominently (but not restricted) from orchid flowers (hence the name of the group). They are the only corbiculate tribe that is exclusively Neotropical and without eusocial members. Of the five genera in the tribe, Euglossa Latreille is the most diverse with around 120 species. Taxonomic work on this genus has been linked historically to the noteworthy secondary sexual characters of the males, which combined with the other notable external features, served as a basis for the subgeneric classification commonly employed. The six subgenera Dasystilbe Dressler, Euglossa sensu stricto, Euglossella Moure, Glossura Cockerell, Glossurella Dressler and Glossuropoda Moure, although functional for the most part, showed some intergradations (especially the last three), and no phylogenetic evaluation of their validity has been produced. A general paucity in the use of male genitalic morphology has also been characteristic for the lineage. Here a comparative study of the male genitalic morphology for Euglossa is presented, and in turn, along with other external morphological features, used as a source of characters included in a phylogenetic analysis. A total of 41 Euglossa species representing the taxonomic diversity within the genus (all subgenera and species groups) plus five taxa as outgroups, and 79 characters are included in a comprehensive cladistic treatment. The resulting 64 shortest trees combined in a strict consensus tree recover as natural groups the subgenera Dasystilbe (monotypic), Euglossa s. str., and Euglossella (sister to all other Euglossa s. lat.). Glossura appears as paraphyletic in a derived clade that also includes Glossuropoda (sensu Moure) and some Glossurella; Glossura is proposed to be expanded to include all the species groups in this derived clade. Most Glossurella form a heterogeneous paraphyletic assemblage, and the subgenus is proposed to be narrowed to include the monophyletic group formed by E. bursigera Dressler and allies. A morphologically distinctive group in the Glossurella grade is also proposed as a new subgenus with E. oleolucens Dressler as type species, while the remaining species in the grade are classified as Euglossa incertae sedis. Recent molecular phylogenetic work largely agrees with the results here presented. The presence of two adventives orchid bee species in the USA is analyzed using occurrence data across their natural ranges to produce Species Distribution Models, so that the recently discovered naturalized populations of Euglossa viridissima Friese in southeastern Florida are projected not to expand beyond the Florida Peninsula, and the isolated records of Eulaema polychroma (Mocsáry) in the southwestern USA are most likely due to individual dispersion events or human introduction

Male Genitalic Morphology of Orchid Bees of the Genus Euglossa (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Orchid bees constitute an interesting group within the corbiculate clade, most noticeable for their appealing external features that are the basis for their classification, with almost no attention given to the diversity of male genital structures. The genus Euglossa in particular has suffered a paucity of information about male genital structures, which offer substantial information to solve some controversial taxonomic positions and add numerous characters for phylogenetic studies. The present work presents a detailed description of the genital capsule and associated sterna of Euglossa imperialis Cockerell with comparative comments on other Euglossa and Euglossini, as well as other corbiculate tribes and some closely related apine lineages. This study is the basis for an ongoing phylogenetic analysis of Euglossa, while it is also hoped that it will encourage the use of these structures in comparative work on this notable group of bees

Juxtocellar Structures in Euglossine Bees: A New Character for Corbiculate Studies

This is the publisher's version, copyright by Akademie Verlag.A new morphological structure is described and figured for orchid bees (Apinae: Euglossini). These minute features are located posterolateral to the ocelli and are termed "juxtocellar structures". The diversity of their form across Euglossini is described. Homologous structures were found in some related lineages of apid bees {e.g., Anthophorini, Centridini, Eucerini) while in others the structures were absent {e.g., Xylocopinae, Nomadinae). Most notably juxtocellar structures are apomorphically lost in all other corbiculate apine tribes {i.e., Bombini, Meliponini, Apini, Electrobombini, Electrapini, and Melikertini), a pattern which is in accordance with current phylogenetic hypotheses for the clade

Euglossa williamsi, a new species of orchid bee from the Amazon Basin of Ecuador and Peru, with notes on its taxonomic association and biogeography (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.pensoft.net.Euglossa williamsi sp. n. is here described from the lowland Amazonian region in Ecuador and Peru, and as part of a small species assemblage within Euglossa consisting of E. dodsoni Moure and E. obtusa Dressler. An identification key to the males of the group is provided plus detailed figures of the new species and representative illustrations for the others. A brief discussion of the taxonomic and biogeographical implications of the new species is provided. New records in Honduras and Nicaragua are provided for the related E. dodsoni

Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups

This is the published version.The second and final part of a revision of the subgenus Euglossella Moure in the orchid bee genus Euglossa Latreille (Apinae: Euglossini) is presented here, redefining the species groups within it to comply with current morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses. We present a fully illustrated account of the species comprising the newly defined viridis and mandibularis species groups, with comparable diagnoses for all species, keys to the new scheme of species groups within the subgenus, and keys for males and females to the species of the two groups here treated. The viridis group as presented here is composed of 12 species, five of them newly described — Euglossa (Euglossella) celiae Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) subandina Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) cetera Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) cupella Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, and E. (E.) ashei Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species — and one resurrected from synonymy as E. (E.) azurea Ducke. Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty), E. (E.) cyanea Friese, E. (E.) polita Ducke, E. (E.) perviridis Dressler, E. (E.) cyanura Cockerell, and E. (E.) granti Cheesman comprise the remaining species within the group. Females of E. perviridis are described for the first time. The mandibularis group includes three species — E. (E.) mandibularis Friese, E. (E.) bigibba Dressler, and E. (E.) perfulgens Moure. In total, considering the six species previously included in the decorata group, the subgenus now includes a total of 21 species. New country records are presented for E. viridis, E. perviridis, and E. mandibularis. Notes on morphological variation and distribution are included as is a summary of known chemical attractants and floral substrates

Alloglossura, a new subgenus of the orchid bee genus Euglossa (Hymenoptera: Apidae), with a review of the included species

With the availability of phylogenetic hypotheses for the orchid bee genus Euglossa Latreille (Apinae: Euglossini), the infrageneric classification for the genus is reconsidered. One of the major findings from phylogenetic studies for the group is the paraphyly of the subgenus Glossurella Dressler, although an assemblage largely congruent with the “gorgonensis” group within Glossurella is consistently recovered as monophyletic with minor differences depending on morphological versus molecular inferences. Here we present a revision of this clade under the new subgeneric name Alloglossura. The group as here proposed consists of seven species: Euglossa (Alloglossura) samperi Ramírez, E. (A.) trinotata Dressler, E. (A.) gorgonensis Cheesman, E. (A.) oleolucens Dressler, E. (A.) fuscifrons Dressler, E. (A.) nigrosignata Moure, and E. (A.) paisa Ramírez. Diagnoses are provided for all of the included species, and detailed descriptions and figures are given for all except E. (A.) paisa. A key is provided for the identification of males. The previously unknown females for E. samperi and E. fuscifrons are described for the first time, and E. gorgonensis erythrophana Dressler is newly synonymized with E. gorgonensis s. str. A phylogenetic hypothesis for relationships within the subgenus is also presented

Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera: Apidae), part II: The viridis and mandibularis species groups

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from https://journals.ku.edu/index.php/melittology/article/view/4777.The second and final part of a revision of the subgenus Euglossella Moure in the orchid bee genus Euglossa Latreille (Apinae: Euglossini) is presented here, redefining the species groups within it to comply with current morphological and molecular phylogenetic hypotheses. We present a fully illustrated account of the species comprising the newly defined viridis and mandibularis species groups, with comparable diagnoses for all species, keys to the new scheme of species groups within the subgenus, and keys for males and females to the species of the two groups here treated. The viridis group as presented here is composed of 12 species, five of them newly described — Euglossa (Euglossella) celiae Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) subandina Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) cetera Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, E. (E.) cupella Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species, and E. (E.) ashei Hinojosa-Díaz & Engel, new species — and one resurrected from synonymy as E. (E.) azurea Ducke. Euglossa (Euglossella) viridis (Perty), E. (E.) cyanea Friese, E. (E.) polita Ducke, E. (E.) perviridis Dressler, E. (E.) cyanura Cockerell, and E. (E.) granti Cheesman comprise the remaining species within the group. Females of E. perviridis are described for the first time. The mandibularis group includes three species — E. (E.) mandibularis Friese, E. (E.) bigibba Dressler, and E. (E.) perfulgens Moure. In total, considering the six species previously included in the decorata group, the subgenus now includes a total of 21 species. New country records are presented for E. viridis, E. perviridis, and E. mandibularis. Notes on morphological variation and distribution are included as is a summary of known chemical attractants and floral substrates

Two new orchid bees of the subgenus Euglossella from Peru

This is the publisher's version, copyright by Akademie Verlag.Two new orchid bees of Euglossa subgenus Euglossella (A pinae: Euglossini) are described and figured from Peru. Both Euglossa (Euglos sella) cosmodora sp. n. and E. (E.) urarina sp. n. belong to the decorata species group (i.e., the clade superficially resembling stingless bees of the genus Melipona) of Euglossella and are distinguished from their congeners as well as each other

Revision of the orchid bee subgenus Euglossella (Hymenoptera, Apidae), Part I, The decorata species group

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.pensoft.net.Euglossella, one of the most distinctive subgenera of orchid bees of the genus Euglossa, is composed of two characteristic assemblages of species, one of them comprising bees bearing the strongly metallic integument trademark of the genus (viridis species group), and the other consisting of bees with a brown integument shaded with metallic iridescence (decorata species group). Here we provide the first of two parts of a revision of Euglossella, providing diagnostic definitions for the subgenus, the decorata species group, and all the species included therein. Six species are included in the decorata group, one new: Euglossa (Euglossella) aurantia, sp. n.; E. (E.) apiformis Schrottky, resurrected status; E. (E.) decorata Smith, revised status; E. (E.) singularis Mocsáry, revised status; E. (E.) cosmodora Hinojosa-Díaz and Engel; and E. (E.) perpulchra Moure and Schlindwein. Euglossa meliponoides Ducke and E. urarina Hinojosa-Díaz and Engel are newly synonymized under E. decorata, E. decorata ruficauda Cockerell is synonymized under E. singularis, and a neotype is designated for E. apiformis

Euglossa williamsi, a new species of orchid bee from the Amazon Basin of Ecuador and Peru, with notes on its taxonomic association and biogeography (Hymenoptera, Apidae)

This is the publisher's version, also available electronically from http://www.pensoft.net.Euglossa williamsi sp. n. is here described from the lowland Amazonian region in Ecuador and Peru, and as part of a small species assemblage within Euglossa consisting of E. dodsoni Moure and E. obtusa Dressler. An identification key to the males of the group is provided plus detailed figures of the new species and representative illustrations for the others. A brief discussion of the taxonomic and biogeographical implications of the new species is provided. New records in Honduras and Nicaragua are provided for the related E. dodsoni