A study of the English translations of Goethe's Faust

Thesis (M.A.)--University of Illinois, 1908.Typescript.Includes bibliographical references

Fostering reflection in the training of speech-receptive action

Dieser Aufsatz erörtert Möglichkeiten und Probleme der Förderung kommunikativer Fertigkeiten durch die Unterstützung der Reflexion eigenen sprachrezeptiven Handelns und des Einsatzes von computerunterstützten Lernumgebungen für dessen Förderung. Kommunikationstrainings widmen sich meistens der Förderung des beobachtbaren sprachproduktiven Handelns (Sprechen). Die individuellen kognitiven Prozesse, die dem sprachrezeptiven Handeln (Hören und Verstehen) zugrunde liegen, werden häufig vernachlässigt. Dies wird dadurch begründet, dass sprachrezeptives Handeln in einer kommunikativen Situation nur schwer zugänglich und die Förderung der individuellen Prozesse sprachrezeptiven Handelns sehr zeitaufwändig ist. Das zentrale Lernprinzip - die Reflexion des eigenen sprachlich-kommunikativen Handelns - wird aus verschiedenen Perspektiven diskutiert. Vor dem Hintergrund der Reflexionsmodelle wird die computerunterstützte Lernumgebung CaiMan© vorgestellt und beschrieben. Daran anschließend werden sieben Erfolgsfaktoren aus der empirischen Forschung zur Lernumgebung CaiMan© abgeleitet. Der Artikel endet mit der Vorstellung von zwei empirischen Studien, die Möglichkeiten der Reflexionsunterstützung untersucheThis article discusses the training of communicative skills by fostering the reflection of speech-receptive action and the opportunities for using software for this purpose. Most frameworks for the training of communicative behavior focus on fostering the observable speech-productive action (i.e. speaking); the individual cognitive processes underlying speech-receptive action (hearing and understanding utterances) are often neglected. Computer-supported learning environments employed as cognitive tools can help to foster speech-receptive action. Seven success factors for the integration of software into the training of soft skills have been derived from empirical research. The computer-supported learning environment CaiMan© based on these ideas is presented. One central learning principle in this learning environment reflection of one's own action will be discussed from different perspectives. The article concludes with two empirical studies examining opportunities to foster reflecti

Training soft skills with software

Most trainings of communicative behavior focus on fostering the observable speech productive behavior (i.e. speaking). The individual cognitive processes underlying speech receptive behavior (hearing and understanding utterances) thus are often neglected. This is due to the fact that speech receptive behavior cannot be accessed in the midst of a conversation and that its training is very time-consuming. Computer-supported learning environments employed as cognitive tools can help to foster speech receptive behavior. This article discusses the fostering of speech receptive behavior and the possibilities of using software for this purpose. The computer-supported learning environment CaiMan© which is based on these ideas is presented. Finally, seven factors of success for the integration of software into the training of soft skills are derived from empirical research.Kommunikationstrainings widmen sich meist der Förderung des beobachtbaren sprachproduktiven Handelns (d.h. des Sprechens). Die individuellen kognitiven Prozesse, die dem sprachrezeptiven Handeln (Hören und Verstehen) zugrunde liegen, werden häufig vernachlässigt. Dies wird dadurch begründet, dass sprachrezeptives Handeln in einer kommunikativen Situation nur schwer zugänglich und die Förderung der individuellen Prozesse sprachrezeptiven Handelns sehr zeitaufwändig ist. Computerunterstützte Lernumgebungen können als kognitive Tools die Förderung sprachrezeptiven Handelns unterstützen. Dieser Forschungsbericht erörtert Möglichkeiten und Probleme der Förderung sprachrezeptiven Handelns und des Einsatzes von computerunterstützten Lernumgebungen für dessen Förderung. Darauf aufbauend wird die computerunterstützte Lernumgebung CaiMan© vorgestellt und beschrieben. Abschließend werden sieben Erfolgsfaktoren aus der empirischen Forschung zur Lernumgebung CaiMan© abgeleitet

Mechanisms underlying the production of carapace vibrations and associated waterborne sounds in the American lobster, Homarus americanus

American lobsters produce carapace vibrations, which also lead to waterborne acoustic signals, by simultaneously contracting the antagonistic remotor and promotor muscles located at the base of the second antenna. These vibrations have a mean frequency of 183.1 Hz (range 87–261 Hz), range in duration from 68 to 1720 ms (mean 277.1 ms) and lead to waterborne sounds of similar frequencies. Lobsters most often produce these signals using only one pair of muscles at a time and alternate between the muscles of the left and right antennae when making a series of vibrations. Occasionally, they vibrate their carapace by simultaneously contracting both sets of muscles. While the remotor muscle is required for producing carapace vibrations, the promotor appears to play a secondary role. Electrical stimulation of the remotor, but not the promotor, results in the production of vibrations, while lesions of the remotor, but not promotor, eliminate the ability of lobsters to vibrate their carapace. Lobsters of all sizes and both sexes produce these signals when startled, grasped or threatened. However, at this time, the behavioral significance of vibration and/or sound production by American lobsters is not known

AgRISTARS: Foreign commodity production forecasting. Country summary report, Australia

Australia is one of the world's major growers and exporters of wheat and as such is one of the countries of interest in the AgRISTARS program which endeavors to develop technology to estimate crop production using aerospace remote sensing. A compilation of geographic, political, and agricultural information on Australia is presented. Also included is a summary of the aerospace remote sensing, meteorological, and ground-observed data which were collected with respect to Australia, as well as a summary of contacts between AgRISTARS and Australia personnel

Effective Research Strategies for the Internet

The latest research estimates there are over 1 billion ‘pages’ on the Web and their indexing and the tools that search these indexes are still primitive. Since the advent of digital age there have been two general methods of providing access to electronic information — pages that have been indexed manually and those indexed automatically. On the Web these indexes are subject directories and search engines. In the less than ten years life of the Web these two methods have become blended and further developments have led to value-added indexing services. The constantly-advancing technology, such as the ability to produce dynamic, database-driven Web pages — the ‘invisible Web’ — further challenges the users’ ability to find the authoritative information, general or specific that is required. This presentation gives an overview of the various types of search tools and when to use each, discusses the latest trends in the provision of Webbased information and gives strategies for effective searching

Production, transfer and re-trapping of highly charged Ar¹⁴⁺ from an electron beam ion trap into a superconducting cryogenic Paul trap

High precision spectroscopy of highly charged ions demands ultra cold and stable environments, a prerequisite uncommon for their location of production. To evade this difficulty, the CryPTEx-II experiment spatially separates the ion production from storage by trapping these inside a cryogenic superconducting Paul trap. During this thesis, argon ions were produced inside an electron beam ion trap and guided through a beamline towards the Paul trap. The different charge states that made up the ion beam were identified by their time of flight and a single charge state, Ar14+, was selected. These selected ions were decelerated and bunched inside a pulsed drift tube and injected into a Paul trap biased to an elevated potential. Electrodes acting as mirrors for charged particles reected the ion bunch multiple times inside the trap. Meanwhile, a Coulomb crystal of Be+ ions cooled the reected ions sympathetically. Finally, Ar14+ ions were stopped inside the crystal, demonstrating the successful transfer of a highly charged ion into an ultra cold environment suitable for precision spectroscopy

The value and challenges of public sector information

The aim of this paper is to explore the concept of public sector information (PSI), what it is, its history and evolution, what constitutes its corpus of documents and the issues and challenges it presents to society, its institutions and to those who use and manage it. The paper, by examining the literatures of the law, political science, civil society, economics and information and library science explores the inherent tensions of access to and use of PSIpragmatism vs. idealism; openness vs. secrecy; commerce vs. altruism; property vs. commons; public good vs. private good. It focusses on open government data (OGD)a subset of what is popularly referred to as `big dataits background and development since much of the current debate of its use concerns its commercial value for both the private sector and the public sector itself. In particular it looks at the information itself which, driven by technologies of networks, data mining and visualisation gives value in industrial and economic terms, and in its ability to enable new ideas and knowledge

Social support, stress, and young unwed mothers\u27 ability to cope effectively with parenthood

Seventy-six single mothers between the ages of 15 and 22 were studied to determine the relationship between stress and social support and to determine their service needs. Of these 76 individuals, 19 were chosen to participate in a Home Visit Program (a self-help support program), while 21 were chosen to act as a control group for the evaluation of the program. It was hypothesized that for the total sample an inverse relationship between stress and support would be found (as support increases, stress decreases). Our findings partially supported this hypothesis. Individuals having high scores for Family Support tended to have low scores on the External Stress scale. The items on this scale reflected primarily external stressors such as the parents’ control over the respondent. Individuals having high Total Support scores (includes support of Family, Friends, and Professionals), tended to have low scores on the Internal Stress scale. This scale focuses primarily on emotional stress such as feelings of self-worth. The second hypothesis focused on an evaluation of the self-help program. It was predicted that participants in the program would experience an increase in support and a decrease in stress while non-participants would report no changes in stress or support during the same time period. Again, our results partially supported the hypothesis. Program participants did experience a significant increase in support while there was no change for the non-participants. Both participants and non-participants reported no significant change in feelings of stress at the end of the program. Of the participants, 92.8% were moderately satisfied to very satisfied with the program and 100% of the participants felt it should be continued. The final objective of this study was to define the needs of young single mothers and to make program recommendations. It was found that Social/Recreational programs had the highest priority for the respondents followed by How-to-Parent classes and Classes on How To Protect Your Rights. As well, 46.4% of all members of the experimental and control groups preferred to speak to single mothers rather than professionals about their problems. It was recommended that more emphasis be placed on the social/supportive aspects of programs for young mothers rather than simply on job-search and career training. As well, it was recommended that the self-help orientation to groups should be used wherever possible both for the benefit of the young mothers (increased independence, peer support and understanding) and the agency (less time spent on professional assistance)