Bounds on new Majoron models from the Heidelberg-Moscow-Experiment

In recent years several new Majoron models were invented to avoid shortcomings of the classical models while leading to observable decay rates in double beta experiments. We give the first experimental half life bounds on double beta decays with new Majoron emission and derive bounds on the effective neutrino--Majoron couplings from the data of the $^{76}Ge$ HEIDELBERG--MOSCOW experiment. While stringent half life limits for all decay modes and the coupling constants of the classical models were obtained, small matrix elements and phase space integrals \cite{hir95,pae95} result in much weaker limits on the effective coupling constants of the new Majoron models.Comment: 8 pages, postscript encoded as uu-fil

On the observability of Majoron emitting double beta decays

Because of the fine-tuning problem in classical Majoron models in recent years several new models were invented. It is pointed out that double beta decays with new Majoron emission depend on new matrix elements, which have not been considered in the literature. A calculation of these matrix elements and phase space integrals is presented. We find that for new Majoron models extremely small decay rates are expected

Achievements and Challenges in the Science of Space Weather

In June 2016 a group of 40 space weather scientists attended the workshop on Scientific Foundations of Space Weather at the International Space Science Institute in Bern. In this lead article to the volume based on the talks and discussions during the workshop we review some of main past achievements in the field and outline some of the challenges that the science of space weather is facing today and in the future.Peer reviewe