ANALISIS MUTU, PRODUKTIVITAS, KEBERLANJUTAN DAN ARAHAN PENGEMBANGAN USAHATANI TEMBAKAU DI KABUPATEN TEMANGGUNG, JAWA TENGAH

ABSTRAKTembakau Temanggung merupakan komoditas penting bahan bakuindustri rokok kretek, sumber pendapatan petani dan PAD KabupatenTemanggung. Selain itu, tembakau juga menjadi pemicu pertumbuhankegiatan ekonomi lainnya yang terkait dengan usahatani, sepertitransportasi, penyediaan sarana produksi pertanian serta penyediaanlapangan kerja. Usahatani tembakau Temanggung menghadapi 3 (tiga)masalah utama, yaitu: sifat tembakau Temanggung yang tergolong fancyproduct, struktur pasar yang monopsonistik dan kondisi lahan usahataniyang beragam (beragam menurut elevasi, arah lereng dan tingkatkemiringan lereng). Kondisi lahan tersebut mengakibatkan mutu tembakaumenjadi beragam, dan cenderung menurun bahkan mengancam keber-lanjutan usahatani tembakau. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bulan Januari2004 - Maret 2005 di sentra produksi tembakau Temanggung, yangmemiliki beberapa perbedaan berdasarkan elevasi, arah lereng dan tingkatkemiringan. Untuk mengetahui ragam mutu dan produktivitas dianalisisdengan sidik ragam. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh elevasi, arah dankemiringan  lereng  digunakan  analisis  regresi  berganda.  Dalammenganalisis keberlanjutan usahatani, digunakan multi atribut non-parametrik yang diolah dengan multidimentional scaling (MDS). Mutu danproduktivitas tembakau Temanggung cukup beragam. Elevasi dan arahlereng (slope aspect) merupakan faktor utama yang mempengaruhi mutudan produktivitas tembakau Temanggung. Mutu tembakau yang ditanampada lahan berelevasi di atas 1.000 m dpl, nyata lebih baik dibandingkandengan mutu tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan yang berelevasi kurangdari 1.000 m dpl. Produktivitas tembakau yang ditanam pada lahan arahlereng ke timur nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan produktivitastembakau pada lahan arah lereng ke timur laut dan utara. Tingkatkemiringan lereng tidak berpengaruh terhadap mutu maupun produktivitastembakau. Indeks keberlanjutan usahatani tembakau Temanggung,termasuk kedalam kategori cukup (IKb = 55,53 pada skala keberlanjutan 0– 100).Kata kunci : Tembakau, Nicotiana tabacum L., tembakau Temanggung,mutu, produktivitas, indeks keberlanjutan, usahatani, JawaTengahABSTRACTAnalysis of quality, productivity and sustainability anddevelopment direction of tobacco farming in TemanggungDistrict, Central JavaTemanggung tobacco is an important commodity for cigaretteindustry, farmers’ income and product domestic regional brutto (PDRB)of Temanggung District. Tobacco stimulates economy activities, so that itcan grow other bussiness activities, such as transportation, agroproductand employment availability. Uncontrolled cultivation intensity andmarket structure monopsonistic resulted in weak bargaining position offarmer in marketing tobacco. Tobacco is a fancy product, it means that itsmarketing and transaction are very determined by quality. Theseconditions affected the sustainability of tobacco farm. This research wascarried out from January 2004 to March 2005 in the center of Temanggungtobacco production, which varies in terms of elevation, slope aspect andtopography. Temanggung tobacco varies in terms of quality andproductivity. Elevation and slope aspect were the primary factorsinfluencing tobacco productivity and quality. The quality of tobaccoplanted at farmer location at the elevation more than 1.000 m above sealevel (asl) with slope facing east, was significantly better than the qualityof tobacco planted at the elevation less than 1.000 m asl with slope facingnorth-east and north. The tobacco productivity planted on the slope facingeast differed significantly with the tobacco productivity planted on north-east and north slope facing. The slope did not significantly influencetobacco quality and productivity. Sustainability index of tobacco farmbelongs to enough category (IKb = 55.53 at scale of sustainability 0 –100).Key words : Nicotiana tabacum L. Temanggung tobacco, quality,productivity, sustainability index, farming system, CentralJav

Environmental-Based Disease Prevention Model Based on Disease Vulnerability Index in Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province, Indonesia

Environmental-based diseases in Kepahiang Regency tend to increase annually which will cause death if it is not handled quickly and appropriately. The incidence of the disease becomes the standard of measurement for the Community Health Development Index and Human Development Index. The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensions and indicators of environmental-based disease causes, calculate the disease susceptibility index and create a prevention model based on the disease susceptibility index obtained. The method used in this study is the modified Village Development Index (IPD) method. The environmental-based disease susceptibility index is structured into 7 dimensions, namely health services, health workers, environmental health, population, community behavior, disease control and governance which are arranged into 23 indicators. The highest disease susceptibility index in Kepahiang Regency is the pulmonary TB disease susceptibility index, which is 2.830. The DHF susceptibility index is 2.746 and the lowest is the susceptibility index to diarrhea at 2.456. The susceptibility index of the three diseases is included in the category of potentially vulnerable. If viewed from the index per dimension, the highest index is found in the community behavior dimension. The susceptibility index at the district level,  it was found that Seberang Musi and Muara Kemumu districts had high susceptibility index. The strategy to increase the budget in improving health services, outreach to change people's behavior to be aware of health are potential steps to reduce the status of environmental-based disease vulnerability in Kepahiang Regency

Analisis Mutu, Produktivitas, Keberlanjutan Dan Arahan Pengembangan USAhatani Tembakau Di Kabupaten Temanggung, Jawa Tengah

Analysis of quality, productivity and sustainability anddevelopment direction of tobacco farming in TemanggungDistrict, Central JavaTemanggung tobacco is an important commodity for cigaretteindustry, farmers' income and product domestic regional brutto (PDRB)of Temanggung District. Tobacco stimulates economy activities, so that itcan grow other bussiness activities, such as transportation, agroproductand employment availability. Uncontrolled cultivation intensity andmarket structure monopsonistic resulted in weak bargaining position offarmer in marketing tobacco. Tobacco is a fancy product, it means that itsmarketing and transaction are very determined by quality. Theseconditions affected the sustainability of tobacco farm. This research wascarried out from January 2004 to March 2005 in the center of Temanggungtobacco production, which varies in terms of elevation, slope aspect andtopography. Temanggung tobacco varies in terms of quality andproductivity. Elevation and slope aspect were the primary factorsinfluencing tobacco productivity and quality. The quality of tobaccoplanted at farmer location at the elevation more than 1.000 m above sealevel (asl) with slope facing east, was significantly better than the qualityof tobacco planted at the elevation less than 1.000 m asl with slope facingnorth-east and north. The tobacco productivity planted on the slope facingeast differed significantly with the tobacco productivity planted on north-east and north slope facing. The slope did not significantly influencetobacco quality and productivity. Sustainability index of tobacco farmbelongs to enough category (IKb = 55.53 at scale of sustainability 0 –100)

Desain Sistem Pakar Untuk Kontrol Kualitas Pakan

The objective of feed production process is to generate high quality of feed with parameters, such as good physical, nutrition characteristics, continuous, palatability and safety. It is needed to support the optimum performance of production process. The general objective of this research was to study quality control system and application of quality management in feed production industry. The objective in this research was to design an expert system for feed quality control based on basic knowledge through knowledge acquisition. Model was designed through two steps, i.e. (1) preparation, and (2) development. System development consisted of (a) basic knowledge development in knowledge acquisition, knowledge conceptualization, and knowledge representation, (b) development of inference mechanism, (c) coding, and (d) verification. The Expert System showed that if data out of control, then process was on uncontrollable condition. The Expert System would interpret the causes and recommend the solution that should be done by supervisors/operators

Design Pengembangan Hortikultura Tahunan Berkelanjutan di DAS Ciliwung Hulu

. Kondisi hidrologis DAS Ciliwung Hulu saat ini dalam keadaan kritis akibat dari penurunan areal vegetasi,khususnya tanaman tahunan yang mempunyai fungsi utama menahan, menangkap, menguapkan, dan mengalirkanair hujan ke dalam tanah maupun di atas permukaan tanah, sebagai bagian penting dari siklus hidrologi. Untukmemperbaiki kondisi hidrologis DAS bagian hulu sebagai wilayah tangkapan air, maka diperlukan peningkatan arealtutupan lahan dengan tanaman tahunan yang sekaligus mampu memenuhi kriteria secara ekonomis menguntungkan,ramah lingkungan, dan dapat diterima oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ialah menentukan jenis tanaman hortikulturatahunan yang memenuhi kriteria yang diharapkan dan sesuai dengan wilayah pengembangan di DAS CiliwungHulu. Untuk itu diidentifikasi lahan yang terdiri atas 30 unit lahan >700 m dpl. dan 21 unit lahan <700 m dpl..Penelitian berhasil mengidentifikasi penyebaran 24 jenis tanaman hortikultura tahunan di masing-masing unit lahan.Berdasarkan kombinasi antara jumlah dan sebaran tanaman, ditentukan 10 jenis tanaman hortikultura tahunan potensialmenggunakan metode perbandingan indeks kinerja. Kesepuluh jenis tanaman tersebut berturut-turut ialah nangka,lengkeng, durian, melinjo, mangga, alpokat, rambutan, limus, petai, dan jengkol. Dengan menggunakan kombinasianalisis kesesuaian lahan, jumlah, dan sebaran tanaman, ditetapkan arahan rekomendasi pengembangan tanamanhortikultura tahunan, yang merupakan tanaman dominan untuk dikembangkan di DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Hasil analisisfinansial menunjukkan bahwa tanaman lengkeng mempunyai nilai NPV tertinggi sebesar Rp42.278.400,00, sedangkantanaman mangga dengan nilai NPV terendah, yaitu Rp13.205.675,00. Kombinasi pola tanam alpokat-nangka-lengkengmenunjukkan nilai NPV tertinggi, yaitu sebesar Rp38.779.187,00

Biaya Transaksi dan Nilai Tambah pada Rantai Pasok Daging Sapi di Kota Bogor

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memetakan jaringan distribusi rantai pasok daging sapi di Kota Bogor dan menganalisis biaya transaksi, nilai tambah dan tingkat efisiensi pemasaran dari saluran pemasaran daging sapi di Kota Bogor. Value stream mapping (VSM) digunakan untuk memetakan jaringan distribusi daging sapi dan metode hayami digunakan untuk menganalisis biaya transaksi, nilai tambah dan efisiensi pemasaran. Berdasarkan hasil pemetaan jaringan distribusi rantai pasok daging sapi dengan menggunakan VSM terdapat sembilan alternatif saluran distribusi pemasaran daging sapi di Kota Bogor. Nilai tambah terbesar diperoleh dari hasil pemotongan sapi hidup menjadi karkas yang didapatkan oleh PBDS I (22,24%). Biaya transaksi dalam proses pasokan jaringan distribusi hanya berkisar 3–5% dari total biaya yang dikeluarkan. Biaya yang mendominasi adalah biaya dalam membeli pasokan daging sapi yang mencapai 60%. Saluran pemasaran daging sapi yang paling efisien dan menguntungkan adalah saluran 7 (Feedloter – PBDS I – Konsumen) dengan skor efisiensi pemasaran sebesar 0,80%. Oleh karena itu, pedagang daging sapi Kota Bogor disarankan untuk memilih saluran 7 untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang paling tinggi dan paling efisien

Rancang Bangun Sistem Penunjang Keputusan Strategi Pengembangan Transportasi Laut Pada Era Globalisasi (Design on Empowerment Strategic of National Sea Transport in Globalization Era)

The background of choosing this topics is to realize that unfavorable condition is occur in the national sea transports in which is a very weak competitiveness in having a cargoes share. Archipelagic state of Indonesia comprises 17,506 islands, has 5.8 million kilometers square of waters, and a large amount of market cargoes, however national armada just only can contribute a small number of national incomes, that marked by reaching only five percent share of the total export-import cargoes and only fifty percent share of the total domestics cargoes, in which the rest of them are occupied by foreign armada. Those are caused of the maritime sector income loss that in amount of U5D 18,4 millions yearly that consist of USD 12,4 millions in cargoes share and USD 6 millions in transhipment oportunities. The purpose of this study is to obtain the capability of Indonesian sea transport within globalization era by formulating a design the empowerment strategy to support decision making policy in sea transportation solving problem. The dilta are collected from interviewing and filling the polling by eighteen competence officers of the maritime stakeholders that come from three maritime institutions such as the regulator, the actors, and the users. SWOT analysis, computerized influence / dependence (I/D) matrix, and importance and performance analysis (IPA) methods are used for analyzed data. The results of this study is showed that the influence on and the dependency of the five key factors in technoware, the six key factors in humanware, the four key factors in infoware, and the five key factors in orgaware are founded to high, and should be developed. So that it needed some sufficiency.....

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENUNJANG KEPUTUSAN STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN TRANSPORTASI LAUT PADA ERA GLOBALISASI (Design on Empowerment Strategic of National Sea Transport in Globalization Era)

The background of choosing this topics is to realize that unfavorable condition is occur in the national sea transports in which is a very weak competitiveness in having a cargoes share. Archipelagic state of Indonesia comprises 17,506 islands, has 5.8 million kilometers square of waters, and a large amount of market cargoes, however national armada just only can contribute a small number of national incomes, that marked by reaching only five percent share of the total export-import cargoes and only fifty percent share of the total domestics cargoes, in which the rest of them are occupied by foreign armada. Those are caused of the maritime sector income loss that in amount of U5D 18,4 millions yearly that consist of USD 12,4 millions in cargoes share and USD 6 millions in transhipment oportunities. The purpose of this study is to obtain the capability of Indonesian sea transport within globalization era by formulating a design the empowerment strategy to support decision making policy in sea transportation solving problem. The dilta are collected from interviewing and filling the polling by eighteen competence officers of the maritime stakeholders that come from three maritime institutions such as the regulator, the actors, and the users. SWOT analysis, computerized influence / dependence (I/D) matrix, and importance and performance analysis (IPA) methods are used for analyzed data. The results of this study is showed that the influence on and the dependency of the five key factors in technoware, the six key factors in humanware, the four key factors in infoware, and the five key factors in orgaware are founded to high, and should be developed. So that it needed some sufficiency.....

Desain Sistem Monitoring Control and Surveillance Nasional Dalam Rangka Pembangunan Kelautan Indonesia (National Monitoring, Control and Surveillance Design System for Marine Development in Indonesia)

Indonesia, an archipelago of 17,508 islands has an abundant of marine resources and also strategic position in International sea-traffic. MCS should be applied to protect Indonesia from illegal activities at the sea. The purpose of this research is to design a national monitoring control and surveillance system in developing Indonesian maritime. Benchmarking analysis was chosen as the preferred analysing method to compare the Indonesian MCS activities with 24 other countries. In order to determine the key factors of Indonesian MCS system, an expert survey was performed. The analysis result shows that the Indonesian MCS activities still operates in a low level compared to the MCS activities of many countries, such as Canada, Australia, and America. Thus, in order to reach a more preferred level, lndonesia has to improve their MCS operation base and furthermore also improve their MCS performance. In order to improve the Indonesian MCS system, factors such as legislation and permission should be more heavily considered, while the performance level of other factors relating to MCS should also be increased. Further research conducted through the SWOT and statistical analysis is still needed in order to determine the system development model of Indonesian MCS