Is It Rational to Assume that Infants Imitate Rationally? A Theoretical Analysis and Critique

It has been suggested that preverbal infants evaluate the efficiency of others' actions (by applying a principle of rational action) and that they imitate others' actions rationally. The present contribution presents a conceptual analysis of the claim that preverbal infants imitate rationally. It shows that this ability rests on at least three assumptions: that infants are able to perceive others' action capabilities, that infants reason about and conceptually represent their own bodies, and that infants are able to think counterfactually. It is argued that none of these three abilities is in place during infancy. Furthermore, it is shown that the idea of a principle of rational action suffers from two fallacies. As a consequence, is it suggested that it is not rational to assume that infants imitate rationally. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Base

Use of SMS texts for facilitating access to online alcohol interventions: a feasibility study

A41 Use of SMS texts for facilitating access to online alcohol interventions: a feasibility study In: Addiction Science & Clinical Practice 2017, 12(Suppl 1): A4

ASSOCIATIONS AMONG HEMORHEOLOGICAL FACTORS AND MAXIMAL OXYGEN CONSUMPTION IN AEROBIC AND RESISTANCE ATHLETES

M. M. Smith1, A. R. Lucas2, R. L. Hamlin2, & S. T. Devor2 1Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA and 2The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH Currently, it is not known how hemorheological variables measured in aerobic and resistance athletes compare at rest or following maximal exercise or what influence they may have in determining VO2max. PURPOSE: This study examined the relationship between hematocrit, blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, erythrocyte deformability, and fibrinogen concentration during maximal oxygen uptake in aerobically trained (AT) and resistance trained (RT) athletes. METHODS: Maximal oxygen uptake was assessed using a Bruce graded exercise treadmill test to exhaustion, and blood samples were collected at rest and immediately following exercise using a venous catheter. Viscometric analyses were performed using a cone and plate viscometer at varying shear rates. Hematocrit was measured as the fraction of erythrocytes suspended in plasma following centrifugation. Erythrocyte rigidity was estimated using the Dintenfass index of red blood cell rigidity. RESULTS: Following maximal treadmill exercise, an increase of blood viscosity at varying shear rates (22.50, 45.00, 90.00, and 225.00 s-1; P \u3c 0.05) was observed in RT athletes only. , Plasma viscosity 225.00 s-1 (1.88±0.09 vs. 1.78±0.02 mPa.s; P \u3c 0.05), erythrocyte rigidity (0.52±0.08 vs. 0.40±0.09; P \u3c 0.05), and plasma fibrinogen (295±25 vs. 434±7 mg/dL; P \u3c 0.01) were all significantly greater in RT than AT athletes following maximal exercise. CONCLUSION: In summary, AT, but not RT, is associated with a hemorheological profile that promotes both oxygen transport and delivery. The results bring into question whether hematocrit alone should be the focus of training and ergogenic supplementation to increase aerobic performance