In vitro inhibition of Helicobacter pylori urease with non and semi fermented Camellia sinensis

Purpose: Helicobacter pylori is the etiological agent in duodenal and peptic ulcers. The growing problem of antibiotic resistance by the organism demands the search for novel compounds, especially from natural sources. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Camellia sinensis extracts on the urease enzyme that is a major colonization factor for H. pylori. Methods: Minimum inhibitory concentrations of nonfermented and semifermented C. sinensis methanol: water extracts were assessed by broth dilution method. Examination of the urease function was performed by Mc Laren method, and urease production was detected on 12% SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from whole cell and membrane bound proteins. Results: Both extracts had inhibitory effects against H. pylori and urease production. At a concentration of 2.5 mg/ml of nonfermented extract and 3.5 mg/ml of semifermented extract the production of Ure A and Ure B subunits of the urease enzyme were inhibited completely. A concentration of 4 mg/ml of nonfermented and 5.5 mg/ml of semifermented extract were bactericidal for H. pylori. Conclusions: C. sinensis extracts, especially the nonfermented, could reduce H. pylori population and inhibit urease production at lower concentrations. The superior effect of nonfermented extract is due to its rich polyphenolic compounds and catechin contents

A convenient synthesis of pyrandione derivatives using P-toluenesulfonic acid as catalyst under ultrasound irradiation

A new series of 3,3'-{alkane-α,ω-diylbis[imino-eth-1-yl-1-ylidene]}bis(6-methyl-2H-pyran-2,4(3H)-dione) derivatives (3c-e) has been synthesized by the convenient ultrasound-mediated condensation of a diamine with dehydroacetic acid in the presence of a catalytic amount of p-toluenesulfonic acid. The structure of all synthesized compounds was elucidated by IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopic spectra, elemental analysis, and mass spectroscopy. A tautomeric form for the derivatives species is also proposed.Keywords: Dehydroacetic acid; Schiff base; Condensation; Catalyst; Ultrasound irradiation; Tautomeris

Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Fisika SMA Materi Suhu Dan Kalor Terintegrasi Thermoregulasi Pada Manusia Berbasis Problem Based Learning

The content and standard process of 2013 curriculum demands the learning process to be more scientific and integration. The purpose of this research is to develop and produce physics learning tools in Senior High School on Temperature Subject and Integrated Thermoregulasi Heat on Human which is using Problem Based Learning Model with valid, practical and effective criteria.This research type is research and development. The development model that is being used is MCKenny's model which consists of Preliminary Stage, Prototype Stage and Assessment Stage. This research produces physics learning tools in Senior High School on Temperature Subject and integrated Thermoregulasi Heat on human which is using Problem Based Learning Model with valid, practical and effective criteria

Rectangular Strain-Rosette Method for Measuring the Mode I Stress-Intensity Factor KI and T-stress

In this paper, a new experimental technique for measuring Stress Intensity Factor (SIF) and T-stress under mode I loading is developed. The expressions of the normal and tangential strains close to the crack tip are given using the first five terms of the generalized Westergaard formulation. In order to accurately determine the SIF and T-stress, the method exploits the optimal positioning of a rectangular strain gage rosette near a crack tip in mode I. Thus, errors due to the higher order terms of the asymptotic expansion are eliminated. Finally, a comparison of the analytical results with a finite element calculations, for different specimen dimensions, is carried out

Volatile components of Camellia sinensis inhibit growth and biofilm formation of oral streptococci in vitro

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of semi fermented and non fermented Camellia sinensis extracts (Black and Green tea) and comparison between them against Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, S. mitis ATCC 9811 and S. sanguis ATCC 10556 that are responsible for dental caries and bacteremias following dental manipulations. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of both tea extracts were assessed by Well diffusion and Broth dilution methods and examination of cell adherence (Biofilm inhibitory concentrations) was observed on glass slides under phase contrast microscope and colony counts from glass beads. Concentration of 1 mg mL-1 of semi fermented tea extract was completely biofilm inhibitor but biofilm formation by these bacteria was seen 7 days after treatment with 1 mg mL-1 of non fermented Camellia sinensis on glass beads and BIC for oral streptococci treated with this extract was 1.5, 2.5 mg mL-1 of semi fermented and 3 mg mL-1 of non fermented extracts had bactericidal effect on these bacteria. Semi fermented and non fermented Camellia sinensis extracts were able to prevent growth of oral streptococci. Therefore dental caries significantly reduce and the efficiency of semi fermented tea was higher due to rich content of volatile components rather than non fermented extracts. © 2008 Asian Network for Scientific Information

Moral Values That Thwart Intergroup Interactions: an Investigation on the Interaction Between Indonesian Moslems and Chinese-Indonesian Christians

As one of the most established theories, the contact hypothesis has been well-researched throughout decades of investigations. However, there have been few attempts to investigate individual factors that may influence interaction processes that may lower prejudice. The present study attempts to find the individual factors that can moderate the contact – prejudice effect, that is, individual moral values. Previous researches have noted that individuals with high moral loyalty, authority, and sanctity may resist interacting with outgroups. Consequently, these individuals may possess higher prejudice. Thus, we hypothesize that individuals with higher levels of those three moral values may experience the contact effect more profoundly, in which there is stronger contact – prejudice effect. 594 Moslem participants participated in the online survey we administered. We found that moral authority and purity can moderate the contact – prejudice effect, consistent with our hypotheses. These patterns were found only for the contact – subtle prejudice effect. However, moral loyalty cannot moderate this effect. We discuss the implications by examining the Indonesian current sociopolitical conditions and how the three moral values influence the dynamics of intergroup contact

Executive Information System Penjualan Bahan Kimia

Kebutuhan informasi sekarang ini menjadi kebutuhan mutlak bagi suatu organisasi atau Perusahaan untuk memenangkan sebuah persaingan. Dimana informasi digunakan sebagai penunjang pembuat keputusan, sehingga dibutuhkan penyampaian informasi yang akurat dan cepat dalam mendapatkannya agar tidak kalah dari pesaingnya. Informasi tersebut berisi kondisi yang terjadi di dalam maupun di luar Perusahaan yang selanjutnya akan digunakan sebagai dasar untuk perencanaan strategis dan program kerja. Seiring dengan berkembangnya kebutuhan informasi khususnya untuk para executive guna pengambilan keputusan dan untuk mengetahui kondisi kinerja Perusahaan, maka berkembanglah sebuah sistem informasi yang disebut Executive Information System (EIS). Dengan EIS informasi dapat ditampilkan dalam bentuk secara ringkas dan menampilkan data sesuai dengan kebutuhan sehingga mempermudah seorang eksekutif dalam pengontrolan setiap saat. Proses penjualan yang berjalan saat ini masih menggunakan sistem yang manual yaitu masih menggunakan proses pencatatan data sehingga membutuhkan waktu yang lama untuk pembuatan laporan dan laporan yang dihasilkan datanya belum tentu akurat. Dengan permasalahan diatas maka dibutuhkan suatu sistem yang dapat membantu pekerjaan pegawai sehingga laporan yang dihasilkan bisa tepat pada waktunya dan data yang dihasilkan lebih akurat

A programmable architecture for the provision of hybrid services

The success of new service provision platforms will largely depend on their ability to blend with existing technologies. The advent of Internet telephony, although impressive, is unlikely to make telephone customers suddenly turn in favor of computers. Rather, customers display increasing interest in services that span multiple networks (especially Internet Protocol-based networks and the telephone and cellular networks) and open new vistas. We refer to these services as hybrid services and propose an architecture for their provision. This architecture allows for programming the service platform elements (i.e., network nodes, gateways, control servers, and terminals) in order to include new service logics. We identify components that can be assembled to build these logics by considering a service as a composition of features such as address translation, security, call control, connectivity, charging and user interaction. Generic service components are derived from the modeling of these features. We assure that our proposal can be implemented even in existing systems in return for slight changes: These systems are required to generate an event when a special service is encountered. The treatment of this event is handled by an object at a Java Service Layer. Java has been chosen for its platform-neutrality feature and its embedded security mechanisms. Using our architecture, we design a hybrid closed user group service

Analysis of Farmers Carp (Cyprinus Carpio) in the Pond in Janji Lobi Lima Village, Lubuk Barumun Subdistrick, Padang Lawas Districk of Sumatra Utara Province

The research was implemented at april in janji lobi lima village of lubuk barumun subdistrick. The ojektive this result were to analyze production, productivity and farmers carp profits in the pond culture. the result showed that the carp pond cultivation of land 189 m2 producing 745 kg/harvest, productivity 3,93 kg/m2. Total carp cultivation cost Rp 6.815.262,- carp farmer get profit Rp 17.029.791/harvest