14 research outputs found

    Characterizing the effects of nitrogen on grapevines with different scion/rootstock combinations : agronomic, metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches

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    La vigne a une importance Ă©conomique majeure au niveau mondial. La plupart des vignobles sont greffĂ©s et comportent une variĂ©tĂ© (cĂ©page, Vitis vinifera) greffĂ©e sur des porte-greffes de Vitis sauvages (hybrides de V. berlandieri, V. riparia et V. rupestris). Le potentiel qualitatif du raisin Ă  la vendange dĂ©pend d’un Ă©quilibre subtil entre teneur en sucres, aciditĂ©, concentration en polyphĂ©nols et en prĂ©curseurs d’arĂŽmes. Les mĂ©canismes contrĂŽlant l’équilibre sucres/acides/polyphĂ©nols sont influencĂ©s par diffĂ©rentes contraintes abiotiques auxquelles la vigne est soumise, en particulier l’azote, en interaction avec le matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal (cĂ©page et porte-greffe). Des travaux antĂ©rieurs suggĂšrent par ailleurs qu’une partie des effets de la contrainte hydrique sont en fait liĂ©s Ă  une carence azotĂ©e entraĂźnĂ©e indirectement par la diminution d’absorption d’eau. Le systĂšme racinaire (porte-greffe) joue un rĂŽle important dans l’absorption, la rĂ©duction, le transport et le stockage de l’azote, et dans l’équilibre hydrique de la plante. Dans ce contexte, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© les mĂ©canismes impliquĂ©s dans la rĂ©gulation de la synthĂšse des flavonoĂŻdes des baies en rĂ©ponse Ă  la nutrition azotĂ©e, Ă  la nature du porte-greffe et du greffon. Des plants des cĂ©pages Cabernet Sauvignon et Pinot Noir cultivĂ©s soit en pots en conditions semi-contrĂŽlĂ©es soit au vignoble ont Ă©tĂ© soumis Ă  des niveaux d’alimentation azotĂ©e diffĂ©rents. Les analyses agronomiques ont permis de confirmer une augmentation des teneurs en azote des diffĂ©rents organes de la plante (limbes, pĂ©tioles et baies) ainsi qu’une augmentation de la surface foliaire et de la masse des bois de taille sous l’effet du traitement azotĂ©. Les analyses mĂ©tabolomiques des pellicules de baies rĂ©vĂšlent une accumulation de mĂ©tabolites secondaires dont la nature diffĂšre en fonction des diffĂ©rentes combinaisons porte-greffe/greffon. De plus, une augmentation de la synthĂšse d’anthocyanes et des flavonols a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans les pellicules de baies en rĂ©ponse Ă  la diminution de la nutrition azotĂ©e. L’apport azotĂ© se traduit aussi par une augmentation du degrĂ© de polymĂ©risation moyen des tannins, alors que les teneurs en flavan-3-ols et procyanidines des pĂ©pins et des pellicules ne sont pas affectĂ©es par les diffĂ©rents apports azotĂ©s. Les analyses transcriptomiques globales (gĂ©nome complet) et ciblĂ©es (qPCR) ont mis en Ă©vidence des modifications des transcrits de gĂšnes liĂ©s au mĂ©tabolisme des flavonoĂŻdes en rĂ©ponse Ă  la nutrition azotĂ©e. La variation de l’apport azotĂ© influence Ă©galement l’expression des gĂšnes rĂ©gulateurs positifs (facteurs de transcription de type MYB) et nĂ©gatifs (protĂ©ine de type Lateral organ Boundary Domain (LBD)) des gĂšnes de la biosynthĂšse des flavonoĂŻdes chez la vigne.Grapevine has a major economic importance worldwide. Most vineyards are grafted and include a variety (Vitis vinifera) grafted over a wild Vitis rootstock (hybrids of V. berlandieri, riparia and rupestris). Grape berry quality at harvest depends on a subtle balance between acidity and the concentrations of sugars, polyphenols and precursors of aroma compounds. The mechanisms controlling the balance of sugars/acids/polyphenols are influenced by the abiotic environment, in particular nitrogen supply, and interact with the genotypes of both the scion variety and the rootstock. Previous work suggests that some of the effects of water stress are in fact linked to a nitrogen deficiency driven indirectly by the reduction of water absorption. The root system (i.e rootstock) plays an important role in the uptake, reduction, transport and storage of nitrogen, and the water balance of the plant. In this context, we studied the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the synthesis of flavonoids in berries in response to nitrogen nutrition with different scion/rootstock combinations. Two varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir) were subjected to different nitrogen supplies in two experimental systems, in pots under semi-controlled conditions and in a vineyard. Agronomic analysis confirmed that high nitrogen supply increased the nitrogen content of different organs (leaf blades, petioles and berries) as well as leaf surface area and cane pruning weight. Metabolomic analyses of berry skins revealed an accumulation of secondary metabolites whose nature depended on the different rootstock/scion combinations studied. In addition, an increase in the synthesis of anthocyanins and flavonols was observed in the berry skins in response to the decrease in nitrogen nutrition. High nitrogen supply also increased the average degree of polymerization of tannins, while the contents of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in the seeds and skins of the berries were not affected. Global transcriptome (using RNA sequencing) and targeted (qPCR) analyses showed changes in the abundance of transcripts of genes related to the metabolism of flavonoids in response to nitrogen status. Nitrogen supply also influenced the transcript amounts of positive (MYB) and negative (Lateral Boundary Organ Domain) transcription factors controlling of the biosynthesis of flavonoids

    Effets de la nutrition azotée sur les baies de différentes combinaisons porte-greffe/greffon de vigne : approches agronomique, métabolomique et transcriptomique

    No full text
    Grapevine has a major economic importance worldwide. Most vineyards are grafted and include a variety (Vitis vinifera) grafted over a wild Vitis rootstock (hybrids of V. berlandieri, riparia and rupestris). Grape berry quality at harvest depends on a subtle balance between acidity and the concentrations of sugars, polyphenols and precursors of aroma compounds. The mechanisms controlling the balance of sugars/acids/polyphenols are influenced by the abiotic environment, in particular nitrogen supply, and interact with the genotypes of both the scion variety and the rootstock. Previous work suggests that some of the effects of water stress are in fact linked to a nitrogen deficiency driven indirectly by the reduction of water absorption. The root system (i.e rootstock) plays an important role in the uptake, reduction, transport and storage of nitrogen, and the water balance of the plant. In this context, we studied the mechanisms involved in the regulation of the synthesis of flavonoids in berries in response to nitrogen nutrition with different scion/rootstock combinations. Two varieties (Cabernet Sauvignon and Pinot Noir) were subjected to different nitrogen supplies in two experimental systems, in pots under semi-controlled conditions and in a vineyard. Agronomic analysis confirmed that high nitrogen supply increased the nitrogen content of different organs (leaf blades, petioles and berries) as well as leaf surface area and cane pruning weight. Metabolomic analyses of berry skins revealed an accumulation of secondary metabolites whose nature depended on the different rootstock/scion combinations studied. In addition, an increase in the synthesis of anthocyanins and flavonols was observed in the berry skins in response to the decrease in nitrogen nutrition. High nitrogen supply also increased the average degree of polymerization of tannins, while the contents of flavan-3-ols and procyanidins in the seeds and skins of the berries were not affected. Global transcriptome (using RNA sequencing) and targeted (qPCR) analyses showed changes in the abundance of transcripts of genes related to the metabolism of flavonoids in response to nitrogen status. Nitrogen supply also influenced the transcript amounts of positive (MYB) and negative (Lateral Boundary Organ Domain) transcription factors controlling of the biosynthesis of flavonoids.La vigne a une importance Ă©conomique majeure au niveau mondial. La plupart des vignobles sont greffĂ©s et comportent une variĂ©tĂ© (cĂ©page, Vitis vinifera) greffĂ©e sur des porte-greffes de Vitis sauvages (hybrides de V. berlandieri, V. riparia et V. rupestris). Le potentiel qualitatif du raisin Ă  la vendange dĂ©pend d’un Ă©quilibre subtil entre teneur en sucres, aciditĂ©, concentration en polyphĂ©nols et en prĂ©curseurs d’arĂŽmes. Les mĂ©canismes contrĂŽlant l’équilibre sucres/acides/polyphĂ©nols sont influencĂ©s par diffĂ©rentes contraintes abiotiques auxquelles la vigne est soumise, en particulier l’azote, en interaction avec le matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal (cĂ©page et porte-greffe). Des travaux antĂ©rieurs suggĂšrent par ailleurs qu’une partie des effets de la contrainte hydrique sont en fait liĂ©s Ă  une carence azotĂ©e entraĂźnĂ©e indirectement par la diminution d’absorption d’eau. Le systĂšme racinaire (porte-greffe) joue un rĂŽle important dans l’absorption, la rĂ©duction, le transport et le stockage de l’azote, et dans l’équilibre hydrique de la plante. Dans ce contexte, nous avons Ă©tudiĂ© les mĂ©canismes impliquĂ©s dans la rĂ©gulation de la synthĂšse des flavonoĂŻdes des baies en rĂ©ponse Ă  la nutrition azotĂ©e, Ă  la nature du porte-greffe et du greffon. Des plants des cĂ©pages Cabernet Sauvignon et Pinot Noir cultivĂ©s soit en pots en conditions semi-contrĂŽlĂ©es soit au vignoble ont Ă©tĂ© soumis Ă  des niveaux d’alimentation azotĂ©e diffĂ©rents. Les analyses agronomiques ont permis de confirmer une augmentation des teneurs en azote des diffĂ©rents organes de la plante (limbes, pĂ©tioles et baies) ainsi qu’une augmentation de la surface foliaire et de la masse des bois de taille sous l’effet du traitement azotĂ©. Les analyses mĂ©tabolomiques des pellicules de baies rĂ©vĂšlent une accumulation de mĂ©tabolites secondaires dont la nature diffĂšre en fonction des diffĂ©rentes combinaisons porte-greffe/greffon. De plus, une augmentation de la synthĂšse d’anthocyanes et des flavonols a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e dans les pellicules de baies en rĂ©ponse Ă  la diminution de la nutrition azotĂ©e. L’apport azotĂ© se traduit aussi par une augmentation du degrĂ© de polymĂ©risation moyen des tannins, alors que les teneurs en flavan-3-ols et procyanidines des pĂ©pins et des pellicules ne sont pas affectĂ©es par les diffĂ©rents apports azotĂ©s. Les analyses transcriptomiques globales (gĂ©nome complet) et ciblĂ©es (qPCR) ont mis en Ă©vidence des modifications des transcrits de gĂšnes liĂ©s au mĂ©tabolisme des flavonoĂŻdes en rĂ©ponse Ă  la nutrition azotĂ©e. La variation de l’apport azotĂ© influence Ă©galement l’expression des gĂšnes rĂ©gulateurs positifs (facteurs de transcription de type MYB) et nĂ©gatifs (protĂ©ine de type Lateral organ Boundary Domain (LBD)) des gĂšnes de la biosynthĂšse des flavonoĂŻdes chez la vigne

    A transcriptomic comparison of late-ripening Cabernet Sauvignon berry skins from Bordeaux and Reno

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    Oral presentation. 12th International Conference on Grapevine Breeding and Genetics, 2018 Jul 15-20, Bordeau

    Effect of vine nitrogen status, grapevine variety and rootstock on the levels of berry S-glutathionylated and S-cysteinylated precursors of 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol

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    Aim: To determine the effect of vine nitrogen status in interaction with grapevine variety and rootstock on vine development and on the synthesis of 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol precursors (Glut-3SH and Cys-3SH) in grape berries produced in controlled conditions.[br/] Methods and results: Potted Sauvignon blanc (SB) and Cabernet-Sauvignon (CS) vines, grafted on two different rootstocks (110R and RGM), were irrigated with two nutritive solutions varying only by their nitrogen content (N(-) and N(+)). Vine nitrogen status of N(-) treatment was significantly different from that of N(+) treatment. Secondary leaf area was higher in N(+) treatment and ripening was delayed because of increased vigor. High N status increased Glut-3SH content in berries, while it did not impact Cys-3SH level. Moreover, the concentrations of 3SH precursors were higher in SB berries compared to CS and their synthesis was enhanced in berries produced by vines grafted onto RGM under N(+) treatment.[br/] Conclusion: Glut-3SH content was mainly determined by plant N status. Grapevine variety and rootstock/N treatment interaction also had a significant, although more limited, impact. Cys-3SH level was dependent on berry developmental stage and grapevine variety, but not on vine N status.[br/] Significance and impact of the study: A better understanding of the effect of terroir components on the biosynthesis of the precursors of volatile thiols is gained

    Vine nitrogen status does not have a direct impact on 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine in grape berries and wines

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    Methoxypyrazines (MP) constitute a large family of compounds that contribute to the vegetative varietal aroma of many grapevine varieties and wines. The berry content in 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (IBMP), a major MP reminiscent of green-pepper aroma, can be influenced by environmental factors or cultural practices such as water status or mineral nutrition. To date, no study has investigated a possible direct effect of nitrogen (N) on IBMP synthesis without possible interference from water status and vigor variations. In this study, only vine nitrogen status was significantly different among treatments. Water status was controlled during the season, and vine vigor was similar among treatments. IBMP level was maximal at bunch closure and decreased during the season. There was no significant effect of nitrogen nutrition on this metabolite. Moreover, the expression profiles of VvOMT3 and VvOMT4, key genes in the IBMP biosynthetic pathway, were similar between treatments. This result indicates that when an effect of N on IBMP was found in previous studies, it was likely mediated through the modification of bunch-zone microclimate, induced by the higher vigor of high N-status vines
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