INASUD project findings on integrated assessment of climate policies

This communication summarizes the main findings of INASUD, an Europeanwide research project on integrated assessment of climate policies. The projectaimed at improving the framing of climate policy analysis through the parallel use of various existing integrated assessment models. It provides a comprehensive examination of the link between uncertainty regarding damages and inertia in economic systems. Results show that the Kyoto targets and timing are consistent with the precautionary principle but offers little insurance for longer-term climate protection. Flexibility mechanisms offer potentials for cooperation with developing countries, and are necessary to tap the environmental and economic benefits of joint carbon and sulfur emissions abatement.integrated assessment modeling; climate policy; Kyoto protocol; dynamic consistency; double dividend; cooperation

Homogenization of a multiscale multi-continuum system

We study homogenization of a locally periodic two-scale dual-continuum system where each continuum interacts with the other. Equations for each continuum are written separately with interaction terms (exchange terms) added. The homogenization limit depends strongly on the scale of this continuum interaction term with respect to the microscopic scale. In J. S. R. Park and V. H. Hoang, {\it Hierarchical multiscale finite element method for multicontinuum media}, arXiv:1906.04635, we study in details the case where the interaction terms are scaled as O(1/\ep^2) where \ep is the microscale of the problem. We establish rigorously homogenization limit for this case where we show that in the homogenization limit, the dual-continuum structure disappears. In this paper, we consider the case where this term is scaled as O(1/\ep). This case is far more interesting and difficult as the homogenized problem is a dual-continuum system which contains features that are not in the original two scale problem. In particular, the homogenized dual-continuum system contains extra convection terms and negative interaction coefficients while the interaction coefficient between the continua in the original two scale system obtains both positive and negative values. We prove rigorously the homogenization convergence. We also derive rigorously a homogenization convergence rate. Homogenization of dual-continuum system of this type has not been considered before

The effect of stimulation frequency on the transmural ventricular monophasic action potential in yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares

Monophasic action potentials (MAPs) were recorded from the spongy and compact layers of the yellowfin tuna Thunnus albacares ventricle as stimulation frequency was increased. MAP duration decreased with increase in stimulation frequency in both the spongy and compact myocardial layers, but no significant difference in MAP duration was observed between the layers

The Evaluation of Multiple Impedance Thresholds on Cardiac Output and Perceived Exertion

School of Allied Medical Professions Honors Research ScholarshipOBJECTIVE: The purposes of this study were to determine if relationships existed between cracking pressures of -7, -11, -15, and -19 cm H2O vs. cardiopulmonary physiologic parameters and Borg scale scores for healthy adults and to determine the maximum cracking pressure which does not produce a Borg score greater than 6. DESIGN: The study was designed as single blinded, randomized, and quasi-experimental with repeated measurements. Subjects served as their own controls. SETTING: Laboratory. SUBJECTS: 21 healthy, normotensive, normovolemic volunteers. METHODS: Subjects were continuously observed and monitored using bioimpedance for non-invasive cardiac output and heart rate, respiratory frequency and pulse oximetry. Subjects breathed through an Impedance Threshold Device (ITD) alternating between two-minute intervals of zero resistance and resistances of -7, -11, -15, and -19 cm H2O pressure. For randomization, subjects selected pre-set ITDs from a set of 4. During each level of resistance, maximum changes from baseline of cardiac output (CO), heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), respiratory rate (RR) and arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2) were recorded and subjects indicated their subjective feeling of exertion based on a Borg scale score from 1 to 10. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant strong negative correlation between cracking pressures and Borg scale scores (r = -0.814, p < 0.01). The percentage of subjects indicating a score of 6 or greater increased as the cracking pressures became more negative (0% - 43%). There were no statistically significant correlations between the cracking pressures and any of the physiological variables measured. An ANOVA analysis indicated that there were no statistically significant differences between the means of any physiological variables while subjects were breathing on the 5 cracking pressures. CONCLUSIONS: While the ITD can make normovolemic, normotensive, spontaneously breathing individuals feel like they are exerting more effort as the magnitude of its cracking pressure becomes more negative, there is no evidence to support that it causes any physiological changes within a 2 minute time period.School of Allied Medical Professions Honors Committee of The Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio State University Medical CenterSchool of Allied Medical Professions Division of Respiratory Therapy of The Ohio State UniversityNo embarg

National corridors for climate change mitigation: managing industrial CO2 emissions in France

International audiencePlanning for the deployment of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), infrastructure must consider numerous uncertainties regarding where and how much CO2 is produced and where captured CO2 can be geologically stored. We used the SimCCS engineering-economic geospatial optimization models to determine the characteristics of CCS deployment in France and corridors for pipelines that are robust to a priori uncertainty in CO2 production from industrial sources and CO2 storage locations. We found a number of stable routes that are robust to these uncertainties, and thus can provide early options for pipeline planning and rights-of-way acquisition

Highly birefringent TiO2 nanocylinders : characterization and application in the optical torque wrench

Recent advances in optical tweezers have enabled the direct manipulation and measurement of optical torque using light spin momentum transferred to trapped birefringent particles. This powerful technique, termed Optical Torque Wrench (OTW), relies on trapping of quartz (SiO2) microcylinders which have become a standard and convenient probe for single-molecule studies. Here, we explore an alternative photonic probe based on rutile (TiO2) which has almost thirty-fold larger birefringence compared to quartz particles. By employing this promising material to fabricate rutile nanocylinders whose sizes can be easily tuned, we significantly enhance the accessible range of optical torques and angular frequencies in the OTW. In future, these novel photonic probes will allow us to study not only slowly processing torque-generating biological systems, as the genome processing machinery, but also fast rotating motors, including ATP-synthase and the bacterial flagellar motor