Frutos de goiaba (Psidium guayava L.): desenvolvimento e extração de nutrientes

An orchard of guava (Psidium guayava L.) located in Aliança, SP, Brazil, had its fruits picked up at 15 to 90 days of age, in 15-day intervals. The soil was an Ultisol and the three varieties studied were: Okawa n° 2, Pedro Sato and Kumagai. The fruits were dried, weighed, grounded and analysed for all the macronutrients and for the micronutrients B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn. The highest fruit weights were obtained at 60 days of age for the Pedro Sato and Kumagai varieties, whereas the same happened at 75 days for the Okawa n° 2 variety. Fruits harvested from Pedro Sato and Kumagai plants removed more nutrients than those from Okawa n° 2 plants. The three varieties removed macronutrients in the following increasing order: Mg, Ca, P, S, N and K. Among the micronutrients, B, Zn and Fe had the highest amounts removed by fruits, whereas Cu had the lowest.Em um pomar de goiabeira implantado em um solo Podzolizado de Lins e Marília variação Lins, situado no Município de Aliança, SP, foram coletados frutos desde os 15 dias até os 90 dias de idade, com intervalos de 15 dias, nas variedades de mesa Okawa n° 2, Pedro Sato e Kumagai. O frutos foram secados, pesados e analisados para todos os macronutrientes e para os micronutrientes B, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn. As variedades Pedro Sato e Kumagai tiveram peso máximo dos frutos aos 60 dias e exportaram maiores quantidades dos nutrientes que a variedade Okawa n° 2, que teve peso máximo dos frutos aos 75 dias. Nas três variedades a exportação dos macronutrientes por planta e por unidade de área obedeceu a seguinte ordem crescente: Mg, Ca, P, S, N e K. Entre os micronutrientes o B, o Zn e o Fe foram os mais exportados, o Mn foi intermediário e o Cu foi o de menor exportação

Study of Heparin in Intestinal Ischemia and Reperfusion in Rats: Morphologic and Functional Evaluation

AbstractTo study whether treatment with heparin (HEP) attenuates intestinal dysfunction caused by ischemia (I) and reperfusion (R), rats were treated with HEP (100 U/kg intravenously) or saline solution (SS) before I (60 min), which was produced by occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery, and R (120 min). After I or I/R, we mounted 2-cm jejunal segment in an organ bath to study neurogenic contractions stimulated by electrical pulses or KCl, using a digital recording system. Thin jejunal slices were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for optical microscopy. Compared with the sham group, jejunal contractions were similar in the I + HEP and the I/R + HEP groups, but reduced in the I + SS and the I/R + SS groups. The jejunal enteric nerves were damaged in the I + SS and the I/R + SS, but not in the I + HEP and the I/R + HEP cohorts. These results suggested that HEP attenuated intestinal dysfunction caused by I and I/R

The ‘dark side’ of personal values: Relations to clinical constructs and their implications

Personal values are considered as guiding principles in one's life. Much of previous research on values has consequently focused on its relations with variables that are considered positive, including subjective well-being, personality traits, or behavior (e.g. health-related). However, in this study (N = 366) the negative ‘dark’ side of values is examined. Specifically, the study investigated the relations between Schwartz' (1992) ten value types and four different clinical variables — anxiety, depression, stress, and schizotypy with its subdimensions, unusual experience, cognitive disorganization, introverted anhedonia, and impulsive nonconformity. Positive relations between achievement and depression and stress, and negative relations between anxiety and hedonism and stimulation were predicted and found. Multiple regressions revealed that the ten value types explained the most variance in impulsive nonconformity and the least variance in unusual experience. Overall, values were better in predicting more cognitive clinical variables (e.g., cognitive disorganization) whereas clinical constructs were better in predicted more affective values (e.g., hedonism). Implications of the findings for value research are discussed

Personality, dangerous driving, and involvement in accidents: Testing a contextual mediated model

The present study tested the role of various personality traits in explaining dangerous driving and involvement in accidents, using a contextual mediated model (N = 311). We initially found direct effects of personality traits on dangerous driving indicators (Big-5, Dark Triad, sensation seeking, aggression, and impulsivity). Subsequently, personality variables with predictive power were tested in the mediation model. Indirect effects of anger, psychopathy and sensation seeking on the history of involvement in traffic accidents were found, which was predicted directly by risky driving. The results are discussed based on the characteristics of each trait. Overall, our research replicates and extends previous findings and highlights the importance of psychological evaluations (e.g., personality test) when prospective drivers are applying for a driver license

The psychological science accelerator’s COVID-19 rapid-response dataset

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Psychological Science Accelerator coordinated three large-scale psychological studies to examine the effects of loss-gain framing, cognitive reappraisals, and autonomy framing manipulations on behavioral intentions and affective measures. The data collected (April to October 2020) included specific measures for each experimental study, a general questionnaire examining health prevention behaviors and COVID-19 experience, geographical and cultural context characterization, and demographic information for each participant. Each participant started the study with the same general questions and then was randomized to complete either one longer experiment or two shorter experiments. Data were provided by 73,223 participants with varying completion rates. Participants completed the survey from 111 geopolitical regions in 44 unique languages/dialects. The anonymized dataset described here is provided in both raw and processed formats to facilitate re-use and further analyses. The dataset offers secondary analytic opportunities to explore coping, framing, and self-determination across a diverse, global sample obtained at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be merged with other time-sampled or geographic data