A global research priority agenda to advance public health responses to fatty liver disease

Background & aims An estimated 38% of adults worldwide have non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). From individual impacts to widespread public health and economic consequences, the implications of this disease are profound. This study aimed to develop an aligned, prioritised fatty liver disease research agenda for the global health community. Methods Nine co-chairs drafted initial research priorities, subsequently reviewed by 40 core authors and debated during a three-day in-person meeting. Following a Delphi methodology, over two rounds, a large panel (R1 n = 344, R2 n = 288) reviewed the priorities, via Qualtrics XM, indicating agreement using a four-point Likert-scale and providing written feedback. The core group revised the draft priorities between rounds. In R2, panellists also ranked the priorities within six domains: epidemiology, models of care, treatment and care, education and awareness, patient and community perspectives, and leadership and public health policy. Results The consensus-built fatty liver disease research agenda encompasses 28 priorities. The mean percentage of ‘agree’ responses increased from 78.3 in R1 to 81.1 in R2. Five priorities received unanimous combined agreement (‘agree’ + ‘somewhat agree’); the remaining 23 priorities had >90% combined agreement. While all but one of the priorities exhibited at least a super-majority of agreement (>66.7% ‘agree’), 13 priorities had 90% combined agreement. Conclusions Adopting this multidisciplinary consensus-built research priorities agenda can deliver a step-change in addressing fatty liver disease, mitigating against its individual and societal harms and proactively altering its natural history through prevention, identification, treatment, and care. This agenda should catalyse the global health community’s efforts to advance and accelerate responses to this widespread and fast-growing public health threat. Impact and implications An estimated 38% of adults and 13% of children and adolescents worldwide have fatty liver disease, making it the most prevalent liver disease in history. Despite substantial scientific progress in the past three decades, the burden continues to grow, with an urgent need to advance understanding of how to prevent, manage, and treat the disease. Through a global consensus process, a multidisciplinary group agreed on 28 research priorities covering a broad range of themes, from disease burden, treatment, and health system responses to awareness and policy. The findings have relevance for clinical and non-clinical researchers as well as funders working on fatty liver disease and non-communicable diseases more broadly, setting out a prioritised, ranked research agenda for turning the tide on this fast-growing public health threat

Recubrimientos de TiC sobre aceros AISI 4340 Y 2311 utilizados en la industria

En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del crecimiento y caracterización de recubrimientos de TiC, crecidas sobre aceros AISI 4340 y 2311, que son utilizados ampliamente en la industria. Los recubrimientos analizados se prepararon mediante la técnica de láser pulsado ND:YAG con una energía de 500 mJ., se caracterizaron morfológicamente mediante las técnica de microscopia elec-trónica de barrido (SEM) y la microscopia de fuerza atómica (AFM); se observó que los recubri-mientos sobre los aceros AISI 4340 son mas homogéneos y tienen tamaño de grano mas fino com-parado con los recubrimientos depositados sobre los aceros AISI 2311. Se determinó la resistencia a la fractura de las películas mediante la prueba de dureza Vickers, también se determinó la adhesión de las películas utilizando la prueba de tensión. Los resultados se compararon entre los dos tipos de aceros encontrándose que el recubrimiento de TiC presenta mejores propiedades mecáni-cas sobre el acero AISI 4340

Producción de recubrimientos mediante ablación láser sobre aceros AISI 4340 para uso industrial

In the present work TiN and TiC monolayers were deposited onto AISI 4340 steel substrates at 300 °C pressures 4.0x10-2 mbar, by using a Pulsed-Laser Deposition technique. A Nd: YAG laser (1064 nm, 500 mJ and 7 ns), with a repetition rate of 10 Hz was used. Topography and surface morphology of the samples were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). AFM analysis presented high homogeneity don't observed hole on the layers the TiN and TiC; showing, that the layers of TiC had an average grain size of 0.047 m; while the layers TiN exhibited grain sizes of 0.145 m. Coating thicknesses were 1 m, ap-proximately, and layer of TiC average roughness was 36.5 Å; while a value of 39.1 Å was measured for the layers of TiN. Under a 60 Kg maximum load applied in tension to evaluate the adhesion to the substrate, no detachment of the films was presented. By using the RC hardness test the film fracture resistant was determine; the Charges use was 60, 100 and 150 kg; from the indenter prints it could be establish that TiN films are stronger. The homogeneity, the grain size, the fracture resistant and the adhesion of the layers are agreed with parameters American Society Test Materials ASTM standers. This coatings could be consider selected for using in the industry application in areas that require high wear resistantEn el presente trabajo se crecieron monocapas de TiN y TiC sobre substratos de acero AISI 4340 a temperatura de 300 °C y a presión de 4.0x10-2 mbar, las películas se crecieron mediante la técnica de Ablación Láser Pulsado. Se utilizó un láser Nd: YAG con energía de 500mJ, duración del pulso de 7 ns, longitud de onda de 1064 nm y tasa de repetición de 10 Hz. Las películas se crecieron a partir de un blanco de titanio de alta pureza del 99.99% en atmósfera de gases N2 y CH4. Las capas se caracterizaron por Microscopia de Fuerza Atómica, AFM, donde se observó que las capas de TiC presentan alta homogeneidad y tamaño de grano fino comparada con las capas de TiN. El es-pesor de las capas fue ~1 ?m y la rugosidad en ambos casos fue de 39,5 Å. Se evaluó la resistencia a la fractura de las películas utilizando la prueba de dureza Rockwell C, se aplicaron cargas de 60, 100 y 150 Kg; a partir del análisis de las huellas dejadas por el indentador se encontró que las películas de TiN son más resistentes a la fractura. La adhesión de las películas se determinó mediante la prueba de tensión, se aplicaron cargas máximas de 60 Kg. y las películas tanto de TiN como de TiC no mostraron señales de desprendimiento del substrato. La homogeneidad, el tamaño de grano y la resistencia a la fractura de las capas analizadas cumplen parámetros de estándares de la Socie-dad Americana de Prueba de Materiales ASTM, por lo que estos recubrimientos se pueden consideran candidatos para que sean utilizados en la industria en áreas que se requiera alta resistencia al desgaste

An examination of the role of biochar and biochar water-extractable substances on the sorption of ionizable herbicides in rice paddy soils

The application of biochar as a soil amendment can increase concentrations of soil organic matter, especially water-extractable organic substances. Due to their mobility and reactivity, more studies are needed to address the potential impact of biochar water-extractable substances (BWES) on the sorption of herbicides in agricultural soils that are periodically flooded. Two paddy soils (100 and 700 years of paddy soil development), unamended or amended with raw (BC) or washed biochar (BCW), were used to test the influence of BWES on the sorption behavior of the herbicides azimsulfuron (AZ) and penoxsulam (PE). The adsorption of AZ to biochar was much stronger than that to the soils, and it was adsorbed to a much larger extent to BC than to BCW. The depletion of polar groups in the BWES from the washed biochar reduced AZ adsorption but had no effect on PE adsorption. The adsorption of AZ increased when the younger soil (P100) was amended with BC and decreased when it was amended with BCW. In P700, which has lower dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content than P100, the adsorption of AZ increased regardless of whether biochar was raw or washed. The adsorption of PE slightly decreased when P100 was amended with BC or BCW and slightly increased when P700 was amended with BC or BCW. In order to evaluate compositional differences in the biochar and BWES before and after the washing treatment, we performed solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy of BC and BCW, and high resolution mass spectrometry of BWES. Our observations stress the importance of proper consideration of soil and biochar properties before their incorporation into paddy soils, since biochar may reduce or increase the mobility of AZ and PE depending on soil properties and time of application

Effect of SMAW manufacturing process in high-cycle fatigue of AISI 304 base metal using AISI 308L filler metal

El proceso de soldadura por arco de metal protegido (SMAW) se usa comúnmente en muchas aplicaciones debido a su alta versatilidad en la fabricación de piezas, componentes y ensamblajes industriales. Este artículo trata sobre el efecto del proceso SMAW en la fatiga de ciclo alto del acero inoxidable austenítico AISI 304 utilizando metal de aportación AISI 308L. Se evaluaron dos parámetros (factores) diferentes del proceso de fabricación: el tipo de recubrimiento del electrodo y el aporte de calor en el proceso de soldadura. Se compararon tres revestimientos de electrodos diferentes: E308L-15, E308L-16 y E318L-16 Premium. Además, se utilizaron tres niveles de entrada de calor diferentes en el proceso de soldadura para cada recubrimiento de electrodo ("bajo", "medio" y "alto"). Para esta aplicación de soldadura, se utilizaron placas laminadas en frío de 300 mm de longitud, 76,2 mm de ancho, 6,4 mm de espesor de AISI / SAE 304 como material base. formando juntas tipo V-groove en ellos. Después de la soldadura, caracterización de la microestructura mediante microscopía óptica y electrónica de barrido; composición de análisis químico; Ensayo de dureza HRB; Se evaluó la prueba de tracción y el índice de ferrita (FN) de las uniones soldadas. Las pruebas de fatiga se realizaron en la máquina INSTRON 8872. Para analizar los resultados de fatiga, se utilizó el Análisis Cuantitativo de Ensayos de Vida Acelerada, donde se trazaron gráficas S max -N entre todos los factores experimentales (como un experimento factorial). Se encontró que la solidificación de la soldadura muestra un crecimiento dendrítico con morfologías tanto ventriculares como lathy. Los depósitos de electrodos E308L-15 tienen mejor resistencia a la fatiga axial de ciclo alto que los otros depósitos de electrodos. Además, Encontramos que la resistencia a la fatiga de ciclo alto de los depósitos se mejora con menores aportes de calor del proceso de soldadura y mayor FN. Las fallas de material se localizaron entre el depósito de soldadura, a través de la orientación dendrítica en la microestructura que también condujo al crecimiento de la fisura.The shielded metal arc welding (SMAW) process is commonly used in many applications due to its high versatility in the manufacturing of industrial parts, components and assemblies. This paper is about the effect SMAW process on the high-cycle fatigue of austenitic stainless steel AISI 304 using AISI 308L filler metal. Two different parameters (factors) of the manufacturing process were evaluated: type of electrode coating and heat input in the welding process. Three different electrode coating were compared: E308L-15, E308L-16 and E318L-16 Premium. Additionally, three different heat inputs levels were used in the welding process for each electrode covering (“low”, “medium” and “high”). For this welding application, cold rolled plates 300 mm length, 76.2 mm wide, 6.4 mm thick of AISI/SAE 304 were used as base material, making up V-groove type joints on them. After welding, microstructure characterization using optical and scanning electron microscopy; chemical analysis composition; HRB hardness test; tensile test and ferrite number (FN) of the welded joints were evaluated. Fatigue tests were conducted in the INSTRON 8872 machine. To analyze the fatigue results, Quantitative Analysis Accelerated Life Testing was used, wherewith Smax-N graphs were plotted among all the experimental factors (as a factorial experiment). It was found that solidification of weld shows dendrite growth with both ventricular and lathy morphologies. The E308L-15 electrode deposits have better resistance to high cycle axial fatigue than the other electrode deposits. Furthermore, we found that the high-cycle fatigue resistance of the deposits is enhanced at lower heat inputs of welding process and greater FN. Material failures were localized among the weld deposit, through the dendrite orientation on microstructure that also led the growth of the crac

Boletín Clínico, Vol. 01, No. 01. Mayo

Nuestros Maestros. Pag.1-2 * Nota Editorial. Pag.3-4 * La apendicectomia en el Hospital de San Juan de Dios de Medellín. Pag.5-9 * Antivirusterapia en Cirugía. Pag.10-11 * Diverticulitis Cronica(Observación). Pag.12 * Aerofagia por paquipleuritis(Lección Clínica). Pag.13-18 * Fiebre Recurrente Autóctona. Pag.19-20 * De la Nefritis. Pag.21-30 * Solución madre de Colesterina. Pag.31-32 * Mortalidad Infantil. Pag.33-35 * Informe sobre la Tesis del Sr. Ernesto Arango. Pag.41-43 * Farmacodinamia. Pag.44-48La apendicectomía en el Hospital de San Juan de Dios de Medellín Posada, Hernan p.5-9 Antivirusterapia en cirugía Cadavid D., Francisco Luis p.10-11 Diverticulitis crónica Gonzalez, Gustavo F. p.12 Aerofagia por paquipleuritis Toro Villa, Gabriel p.13-18 Fiebre recurrente autóctona Restrepo Moreno, Alonso ; Correa Henao, Alfredo ; Jaramillo Arango, Alfonso p.19-20 Extracto de lecciones clínica médica del Hospital de San Juan de Dios Calle, Miguel Maria p.21-30 Técnica de laboratorio : solución madre de colesterina Restrepo Moreno, Alonso p.31-32 Notas demográficas : mortalidad infantil Rodríguez, Jorge L. p.33-35 Química sanguínea, ración alimenticia y metabolismo Movimiento Universitario p.36-37 Educación quirúrgica Leriche, Rene p.38 Aforismos obstétricos Jimenez, Nepomuceno p.39-42 Reacción de Aschheim Zondek Restrepo Moreno, Alonso p.41-43 Investigaciones sobre la acción tóxica de las saponinas y sobre la colesterina como su antídoto Obergfell, H. E. p. 44-4

Population dynamics and secondary production of Euzonus furciferus Ehlers (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) in an exposed sandy beach of Southern Brazil Dinâmica populacional e produção secundaria de Euzonus furciferus Ehlers (Polychaeta, Opheliidae) numa praia exposta do sul do Brasil

The distribution, population dynamics and secondary production of the polychaete Euzonus furciferus was studied in Atami Beach (Southern Brazil), from February 1992 to March 1993. Euzonus furciferus Ehlers, 1897 is the only deposit feeder species of the upper intertidal region. The organisms were present in the sandy beach all over the year, concentrated in a narrow band, and reaching maximal densities of 3,029 individuals m-2. Peaks of abundance occurred in September 1992, with a mean of 681.8 individuals m-2. Recruitment occurred in winter, with a peak in July. Mean annual biomass was estimated in 0.218 gAFDW m-2, with a total annual production of 0.466 gAFDW m-2 y-1, giving a P/B ratio of 2.13 y-1. Similar values were found for a filter-feeder polychaete inhabiting the same beach, suggesting that general food disposability of each particular environment is more important for production than the trophic strategic employed by those organisms exploring this environment.<br>A dinâmica populacional e a produção secundária do poliqueta Euzonus furciferus foi estudada em uma praia arenosa exposta do sul do Brasil. O estudo foi realizado na praia de Atami, de fevereiro de 1992 a março de 1993. Euzonus furciferus Ehlers, 1897 é a única espécie comedora de depósito da região superior do intermareal. Os organismos foram encontrados na praia ao longo de todo o ano, concentrados em uma estreita faixa, e alcançando densidades máximas de 3.029 indivíduos.m-2. Picos de abundância ocorreram em setembro de 1992, com uma média de 681,8 indivíduos.m-2. O recrutamento ocorreu no inverno, com um pico em julho. A biomassa média anual foi estimada em 0,218 gPSLC m-2, com uma produção anual total de 0,466 gPSLC m-2ano-1, e com uma razão P/B de 2,13 ano-1. Valores similares foram encontrados para um poliqueta filtrador existentes na mesma praia, sugerindo que a disponibilidade geral de alimento para cada ambiente particular é mais importante para a produção do que a estratégia trófica empregada pelos organismos que exploram este ambiente