Rochechouart 2017-Drilling Campaign: First Results

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Role of Gas6 Receptors in Platelet Signaling during Thrombus Stabilization and Implications for Antithrombotic Therapy

Mechanisms regulating thrombus stabilization remain largely unknown. Here, we report that loss of any 1 of the Gas6 receptors (Gas6-Rs), i.e., Tyro3, Axl, or Mer, or delivery of a soluble extracellular domain of Axl that traps Gas6 protects mice against life-threatening thrombosis. Loss of a Gas6-R does not prevent initial platelet aggregation but impairs subsequent stabilization of platelet aggregates, at least in part by reducing “outside-in” signaling and platelet granule secretion. Gas6, through its receptors, activates PI3K and Akt and stimulates tyrosine phosphorylation of the β3 integrin, thereby amplifying outside-in signaling via αIIbβ3. Blocking the Gas6-R–αIIbβ3 integrin cross-talk might be a novel approach to the reduction of thrombosis

CIRIR programs: drilling and research opportunities at the Rochechouart Impact Structure

International audienc

Continuum Mechanics and Thermodynamics manuscript No. (will

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A finite-strain model for an explosive simulant

On propose un modèle de comportement isotherme en transformations finies pour l'équivalent inerte d'un explosif. Il décrit les processus dissipatifs correspondant à deux mécanismes différents dont l'un est plastique avec dilatance et l'autre est de type viscoélastique. Ce modèle est ensuite implanté dans le code EPIC-2 et utilisé pour simuler des expériences d'impact de plaques.An isothermal finite strain constitutive modelling for the mechanical behaviour of an explosive simulant is presented. It accounts for two different dissipative processes including dilatational plasticity and a complementary viscous mechanism (viscoelastic-like). This model is implemented into the EPIC-2 hydrocode and used to simulate plate impact experiments

Mechanical and microstructural characterization of a HMX-based pressed explosive: Effects of combined high pressure and strain rate

The paper presents a study of the combined effects of strain rate and confining pressure on the behaviour and microstructure evolutions of a HMX-based explosive. Hopkinson bar compression experiments are carried-out on samples confined with a brass sleeve. The latter is instrumented in order to determine the confining pressure on the explosive sample, directly function of the sleeve thickness and yield strength. A sample confined at 75 MPa and deformed at 250s−1 is recovered, cross-sectioned and studied using optical microscopy. Distributed microplasticity and microcracking appear similar to those induced by confined quasi-static experiments, indicating that stress triaxiality is the most important loading parameter. The sample also displays a large shear macrocrack, resulting from the formation of an adiabatic shear band. Shear banding seems to proceed by strong plastic strain gradients, followed by dynamic re-crystallization. Further strong thermal effects are observed, resulting in local reactive melting

Modelowanie uszkodzenia w granulowanych kompozytach lepkosprężystych przy pomocy podejścia wieloskalowego

The aim of this paper is to pursue, in the wake of the work by Nadot-Martin et al. (2003), a non-classical micromechanical study and scale transition for highly filled particulate composites with viscoelastic matrices. The present extension of a morphology-based approach due to Christoffersen (1983), carried forward to the viscoelastic small strain context by Nadot-Martin et al. (2003), consists here in introducing a supplementary mechanism, namely damage by grain/matrix debonding. Displacement discontinuities (microcracks) on grain/matrix interfaces are first incorporated in a compatible way within geometric and kinematic hypotheses regarding the grains-and-layers assembly of Christoffersen. Then, local field expressions as well as homogenized stresses are established and discussed for a given state of damage (i.e. for a given actual number of open and closed microcracks) and using the hypothesis of no sliding on closed crack lips. A comparison with the results obtained for the sound viscoelastic composite by Nadot-Martin et al. (2003) allows to quantify the damage influence on local and global levels. At last, the basic formulation of the model obtained by scale transition is completed by the second stage leading to a thermodynamically consistent formulation eliminating some superfluous damaged-induced strain-like variables related to open cracks. This second stage is presented here for a simplified system where delayed (viscoelastic) effects are (tentatively) neglected. It appears as a preliminary and crucial step for further generalization in viscoelasticity.Celem tej publikacji jest sformułowanie wieloskalowego modelu mikromechanicznego dla granulowanych kompozytów o wysokim stopniu upakowania inkluzji w osnowie lepkosprężystej. Przedstawiony model, będący rozwinięciem morfologicznego podejścia Christoffersena (1983) i Nadot-Martin i in. (2003) w zakresie małych odkształceń lepkosprężystych, polega na wprowadzeniu do analizy dodatkowego mechanizmu uszkodzenia - mikropękania na granicy inkluzji i osnowy. Mikroszczeliny na granicy inkluzji i osnowy uwzględniono w hipotezie geometrycznej i kinematycznej metody Christoffersena. Następnie, wyznaczono lokalne oraz uśrednione pola naprężenia dla zadanego stanu uszkodzenia (tzn. dla zadanej liczby otwartych i zamkniętych mikroszczelin przy pominięciu poślizgów na powierzchniach mikroszczelin zamkniętych). Porównanie z wynikami uzyskanymi przez Nadot-Martin i in. (2003) dla nieuszkodzonego kompozytu lepkosprężystego pozwoliło na określenie wpływu uszkodzenia na poziomie lokalnym i globalnym. Na koniec, podstawowy model wieloskalowy uzupełniono o drugą część sformułowania, która pozwoliła usunąć pewne nadmiarowe odkształcenia związane z mikroszczelinami otwartymi, czyniąc cały model termodynamicznie spójnym. Ta druga część modelu wieloskalowego jest przeprowadzona przy założeniu upraszczającym, polegającym na (tymczasowym) pominięciu efektów lepkosprężystych