A stable path to ferromagnetic hydrogenated graphene growth

In this paper, we propose a practical way to stabilize half-hydrogenated graphene (graphone). We show that the dipole moments induced by an hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) substrate on graphene stabilize the hydrogen atoms on one sublattice of the graphene layer and suppress the migration of the absorbed hydrogen atoms. Based upon first principle spin polarized density of states (DOS) calculations, we show that the half hydrogenated graphene (graphone) obtained in different graphene-h-BN heterostructures exhibits a half metallic state. We propose to use this new exotic material for spin valve and other spintronics devices and applications.Comment: 8 pages, 8 figure

Prediction of the cyclic durability as a function of cycle duration and temperature of an air plasma sprayed coating using inelastic strain

A detailed study of the failure mechanisms in an APS TBC was carried out involving over 1000 micrographs. As a result the kinetics of oxidation and rumpling were characterized. In addition it was found that the failure was always within the ceramic caused by progressive cracking. At approximately half the spallation life, crack linking became the dominant growth mode for cracks. This pattern of damage remained constants over the temperature range of 1066 °C to 1149 °C and for cycle durations of 0.5 hours to 50 hours. The change in temperature resulted in a variation in spallation life of a factor of 5 and the variation in hold time resulted in a variation in life of a factor of 7 and for the entire data set the ratio of the longest failure life to shortest was 17. Through the use of a finite element analysis (FEA) that used an experimentally validated viscoplastic model driven by imposed shape changes derived from measured oxidation and rumpling behavior as well as thermal expansion mismatch, the hot and cold inelastic strains were predicted and used to predict failure. It was possible to predict the entire data set using data from only two cyclic life tests at two different test conditions. The life as a function of temperature can be predicted from two experiments run with two different hot times at a single temperature. The life as a function of hold time can be predicted from tests run at two temperatures at a single hold time. This suggests that the hold time dependence and temperature dependence are closely tied to the factors controlling inelastic strain. The inelastic strains can be determined form a combination of measured and computed behavior. It was also found that the finite element results can be captured without running the FEA using simple expressions that are calibrated using a large set of FEA run

Recapitulation of Gandhaka Shodhana

Gandhaka is a primary substance and a fundamental part of Ayurvedic laboratory. Gandhaka being the first among the Uparasa Varga, plays a vital role in the preparation of Chaturvidha RasaRasayanas. Sagandha Yogas are considered as most efficacious among all the herbo-mineral preparations and hence can be used for longer duration without any complications. Also, Gandhaka is the best antidote for Parada Kalpa. Hence there is a requirement to screen, understand, and analyse various methods of Gandhaka Shodhana which are scattered in our classical Rasagranthas. Here is an attempt made to review all the different methods of Gandhaka Shodhana in Rasagranthas and also to analyse the ratiocination behind each method

A New Approach for Modeling of a Fluidized Bed by CFD-DEM

Numerical studies of 3D cylindrical fluidized bed by means of combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) were carried out. For motion of particles, Newton\u27s second law and 3D compressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized curvilinear coordinates in its conservative form were used. Navier-Stokes equations were solved with high order compact finite difference scheme by fully implicit flux decomposition method. Non-reflecting boundary conditions (NRBC) were used for the outflow boundary. The convergence of this method, especially at high Reynolds number, is significantly better than the SIMPLE method

Use of a Viscous Flow Simulation Code for Static Aeroelastic Analysis of a Wing at High-Lift Conditions

In this paper, we present a static aeroelastic analysis of a wind tunnel test model of a wing in high-lift configuration using a viscous flow simulation code. The model wing was tailored to deform during the tests by amounts similar to a composite airliner wing in highlift conditions. This required use of a viscous flow analysis to predict the lift coefficient of the deformed wing accurately. We thus utilized an existing static aeroelastic analysis framework that involves an inviscid flow code (Cart3d) to predict the deformed shape of the wing, then utilized a viscous flow code (Overflow) to compute the aerodynamic loads on the deformed wing. This way, we reduced the cost of flow simulations needed for this analysis while still being able to predict the aerodynamic forces with reasonable accuracy. Our results suggest that the lift of the deformed wing may be higher or lower than that of the non-deformed wing, and the washout deformation of the wing is the key factor that changes the lift of the deformed wing in two distinct ways: while it decreases the lift at low to moderate angles of attack simply by lowering local angles of attack along the span, it increases the lift at high angles of attack by alleviating separation

Integrated spatial multiplexing of heralded single photon sources

The non-deterministic nature of photon sources is a key limitation for single photon quantum processors. Spatial multiplexing overcomes this by enhancing the heralded single photon yield without enhancing the output noise. Here the intrinsic statistical limit of an individual source is surpassed by spatially multiplexing two monolithic silicon correlated photon pair sources, demonstrating a 62.4% increase in the heralded single photon output without an increase in unwanted multi-pair generation. We further demonstrate the scalability of this scheme by multiplexing photons generated in two waveguides pumped via an integrated coupler with a 63.1% increase in the heralded photon rate. This demonstration paves the way for a scalable architecture for multiplexing many photon sources in a compact integrated platform and achieving efficient two photon interference, required at the core of optical quantum computing and quantum communication protocols.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, comments welcom

Analysis of Optical Pulse Propagation with ABCD Matrices

We review and extend the analogies between Gaussian pulse propagation and Gaussian beam diffraction. In addition to the well-known parallels between pulse dispersion in optical fiber and CW beam diffraction in free space, we review temporal lenses as a way to describe nonlinearities in the propagation equations, and then introduce further concepts that permit the description of pulse evolution in more complicated systems. These include the temporal equivalent of a spherical dielectric interface, which is used by way of example to derive design parameters used in a recent dispersion-mapped soliton transmission experiment. Our formalism offers a quick, concise and powerful approach to analyzing a variety of linear and nonlinear pulse propagation phenomena in optical fibers.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, submitted to PRE (01/01

The effects of combined low level laser therapy and mesenchymal stem cells on bone regeneration in rabbit calvarial defects

Abstract: This study evaluated the effect of Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) and Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) on bone regeneration. Background data: Although several studies evaluated the effects of MSCs and LLLT, there is little information available regarding in vivo application of LLLT in conjunction with MSCs. Methods: Forty-eight circular bone defects (6 mm in diameter) were prepared in the calvaria of 12 New- Zealand white rabbits. The defects of each animal were randomly assigned to 4 groups: (C) no treatment; (L) applying LLLT; (SC) filled with MSCs; (SCL) application of both MSCs and LLLT. LLL was applied on alternate days at wavelength of 810 nm, power density of 0.2 W/cm2 and a fluency of 4 J/cm2 using a Gallium–Aluminum–Arsenide (GaAlAs) diode laser. The animals were sacrificed after 3 weeks and then histological samples were evaluated to determine the amount of new bone formation and the remaining scaffold and inflammation. Results: The histological evaluation showed a statistically significant increase in new bone formation of LLLT group relative to the control and the other two experimental groups (p < 0.05). There was no significant difference in bone formation of the control group compared to experimental groups filled with MSCs. Laser irradiation had no significant effect on resorption of the scaffold material. In addition, inflammation was significantly reduced in LLLT group compared to the control defects and the other two experimental groups. Conclusion: Low level laser therapy could be effective in bone regeneration but there is no evidence of a synergistic effect when applied in conjunction with MSCs

A new approach for modeling of a fluidized bed by CFD-DEM

Numerical studies of 3D cylindrical fluidized bed by means of combined computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discrete element method (DEM) were carried out. For motions of particles, Newton's second law and 3D compressible Navier-Stokes equations in generalized curvilinear coordinates in its conservative form were used. Navier-Stokes equations were solved with this high order compact finite difference scheme by fully implicit flux decomposition methods. Non-reflecting boundary conditions (NRBC) were used for the outflow boundary. The convergence of this method, especially at high Reynolds number, is significantly better than the SIMPLE method

Randomized Controlled Trial of Difelikefalin for Chronic Pruritus in Hemodialysis Patients

INTRODUCTION: There is an unmet medical need for pruritus associated with chronic kidney disease, a distressing complication characterized by generalized and persistent itch affecting 20% to 40% of patients undergoing hemodialysis. Here we report the results of a phase 2 trial evaluating the efficacy and safety of a novel peripherally restricted kappa opioid receptor agonist, difelikefalin, in adult patients undergoing hemodialysis with pruritus. METHODS: In this study, 174 hemodialysis patients with moderate-to-severe pruritus were randomly assigned to receive difelikefalin (0.5, 1.0, or 1.5 μg/kg) or placebo intravenously thrice weekly after each hemodialysis session for 8 weeks in a double-blind, controlled trial. The primary endpoint was the change from baseline at week 8 in the weekly mean of the 24-hour Worst Itching Intensity Numerical Rating Scale score. The secondary efficacy endpoint was the change in itch-related quality of life measured by the Skindex-10 questionnaire. Other endpoints included safety, sleep quality, and additional measures including the 5-D itch scale. RESULTS: A significant reduction from baseline in itch intensity scores at week 8 favored all difelikefalin doses combined versus placebo ( CONCLUSION: In this trial, difelikefalin effectively reduced itching intensity and improved sleep and itch-related quality of life