Cross-section calculations of (n, 2n) and (n, p) reactions for 69,71Ga and 75As target nuclei up to 20 MeV

In the present research, neutron induced reaction cross sections of 69,71Ga(n, 2n), 69,71Ga(n, p), 75As(n, 2n) and 75As(n, p) were investigated up to 20 MeV. Three theoretical calculation codes (EMPIRE 3.2, TALYS 1.6 and ALICE/ASH) were used for model calculations based on the Weisskopf - Ewing and Hauser - Feshbach theories. The results of theoretical calculations were compared with some empirical formulas developed by different researches, with evaluated nuclear data sets (JENDL-4.0u2 (2012), TENDL-2015, JEFF-3.2 (2014), and ENDF/B-VIII.0 (2018)) and also with the available experimental data found in literature

Penerapan Metode Pembelajaran Kontruktivistik Pada Pembelajaran IPS Untuk Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Di Kelas IV Pada SDN Pembina Salakan

Permasalahan utama dan mendasar pada penelitian ini adalah rendahnya hasil belajar siswa pada pelajaran IPS kelas IV SDN Pembina Salakan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan model kontrutivistik dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPS siswa SDN Pembina Salakan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Rancangan penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari empat tahap yaitu (1) perencanaan (2) Pelaksanaan (3) observasi (4) refleksi. Pengumpulan data melalui teknik pemberian tes, wawancara, observasi dan pencatatan lapangan. Analisis data dilakukan melalui reduksi, penyajian dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan data awal siswa yang kategori tuntas 4 orang atau presentase ketuntasan klasikal 16,67%. Pada siklus 1 banyak siswa yang tuntas 12 orang presentase ketuntasan klasikal 50%. Sedangkan Siklus II banyaknya siswa yang tuntas 22 orang, presentase ketuntasan klasikal 91,67%. Kesimpulan dari hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan, yaitu penerapan metode kontrutivistik dalam proses pembelajaran, dapat meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa pada mata pelajaran IPS pada siswa kelas IV SDN Pembina Salakan. Saran para guru untuk menggunakan hasil penelitian ini dengan baik dan dijadikan motivasi agar mampu melakukan penelitian tindakan kelas

Radiological evaluation of the styloid process length in the normal population

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the styloid process (SP) length in the normal population using multidetector computed tomography (MDCT).Materials and methods: In this study, 160 patients who underwent paranasal MDCT between January 2012 and December 2012 were retrospectively evaluated. The patients were divided into groups according to their age and gender: Group 1 age 31–40 years old, 111 subjects; Group 2 age 41–50 years old, 49 subjects; Group A 98 males; Group B 62 females. The mean SP length was calculated from the mean of 2 measurements. SPs were assessed for their average lengths in different gender and age groups. Student’s t-test was used for the comparison of the mean SP lengths between the groups. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at p < 0.05.Results: The mean SP length on both sides varied from 18 to 51 mm (28.4 ± 5.5) in all the patients. The mean SP length was 27.2 ± 5.2 mm in females and 29.2 ± 5.6 mm in males. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean SP lengths in terms of gender (p < 0.028). The mean SP length was 28.5 ± 5.7 mm in Group 1 and 28.2 ± 5.1 mm in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the mean SP lengths in terms of age (p > 0.718).Conclusions: In conclusion, there is still no consensus on the normal values of SP length. Normal values should be determined according to the geographical regions and ethnic groups for the diagnosis of Eagle’s syndrome.

Atypical obstructive submandibular sialoadenitis

The patient is a 52-year-old female who had undergone medical treatment for right acute suppurative submandibular sialoadenitis three times in the last two months. The patient was referred to our clinic due to persistance of complaints and presence of a mass in the submandibular region. On physical examination, the right submandibular gland was diffusely enlarged and adherent. Also, seropurulent decreased salivation was observed pressing on the Wharton’s channel. Evidence of stone in the channel was not detected at palpation. On USG examination, right submandibular gland enlargement, two reactive lymph nodes (dimention, 19 x 12 mm ve 19 x 8 mm) in submandibular area and hypoecoic noduler lesion which was difficult to discriminate from the surrounding tissue measuring 5 x 3 mm in diameter were detected. Also dilatation at duct of salivary gland (mean 2 mm) was present. For further evaluation MRI examination was recommended. MRI examination revealed a slight increase in the right submandibular gland dimensions. No significant pathologic enhancement was present (Fig. A, B). Under general anesthesia, right submandibular gland excision was performed with lymph node dissection. During operation, it was observed that the gland was middle hard and attached to the anterior belly of the digastric muscle due to probably passed infection. After removal of gland, a foreign body (grass seed) was found to be in the Wharton’s duct during the macroscopic examination. After taking the photographs (Fig. C, D), the foreign body was sent to Ankara University, faculty of Agriculture for further analysis. Since the patient was a farmer by occupation, it was thought that the grass seed might had been inserted accidentally into Wharton’s duct. Due to their linear extensions They move easily in a space freely

Diversity and abundance of ammonia-oxidizing prokaryotes in sediments from the coastal Pearl River estuary to the South China Sea

In the present study the diversity and abundance of nitrifying microbes including ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and betaproteobacteria (beta-AOB) were investigated, along with the physicochemical parameters potentially affecting them, in a transect of surface sediments from the coastal margin adjacent to the Pearl River estuary to the slope in the deep South China Sea. Nitrifying microbial diversity was determined by detecting the amoA (ammonia monooxygenase subunit A) gene. An obvious community structure shift for both AOA and beta-AOB from the coastal marginal areas to the slope in the deep-sea was detected, while the OTU numbers of AOA amoA were more stable than those of the beta-AOB. The OTUs of beta-AOB increased with the distance from the coastal margin areas to the slope in the deep-sea. Beta-AOB showed lower diversity with dominant strains in a polluted area but higher diversity without dominant strains in a clean area. Moreover, the diversity of beta-AOB was correlated with pH values, while no noticeable relationships were established between AOA and physicochemical parameters. Beta-AOB was more sensitive to transect environmental variability and might be a potential indicator for environmental changes. Additionally, the surface sediments surveyed in the South China Sea harboured diverse and distinct AOA and beta-AOB phylotypes different from other environments, suggesting the endemicity of some nitrifying prokaryotes in the South China Sea

Large isotropic negative thermal expansion above a structural quantum phase transition

Perovskite structured materials contain myriad tunable ordered phases of electronic and magnetic origin with proven technological importance and strong promise for a variety of energy solutions. An always-contributing influence beneath these cooperative and competing interactions is the lattice, whose physics may be obscured in complex perovskites by the many coupled degrees of freedom, which makes these systems interesting. Here, we report signatures of an approach to a quantum phase transition very near the ground state of the nonmagnetic, ionic insulating, simple cubic perovskite material ScF3, and show that its physical properties are strongly effected as much as 100 K above the putative transition. Spatial and temporal correlations in the high-symmetry cubic phase determined using energy- and momentum-resolved inelastic x-ray scattering as well as x-ray diffraction reveal that soft mode, central peak, and thermal expansion phenomena are all strongly influenced by the transition.National Science Foundation Award No. DMR-1506825US Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE- AC02-06CH11357Yale Prize Postdoctoral FellowshipNSF Grant No. DMR-0115852Universidad de Costa Rica. Vicerrectoría de Investigación Projecto No. 816-B5-220UCR::Vicerrectoría de Investigación::Unidades de Investigación::Ciencias Básicas::Centro de Investigación en Ciencia e Ingeniería de Materiales (CICIMA

Phylogenetic Diversity and Ecological Pattern of Ammonia-oxidizing Archaea in the Surface Sediments of the Western Pacific

The phylogenetic diversity of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) was surveyed in the surface sediments from the northern part of the South China Sea (SCS). The distribution pattern of AOA in the western Pacific was discussed through comparing the SCS with other areas in the western Pacific including Changjiang Estuary and the adjacent East China Sea where high input of anthropogenic nitrogen was evident, the tropical West Pacific Continental Margins close to the Philippines, the deep-sea methane seep sediments in the Okhotsk Sea, the cold deep sea of Northeastern Japan Sea, and the hydrothermal field in the Southern Okinawa Trough. These various environments provide a wide spectrum of physical and chemical conditions for a better understanding of the distribution pattern and diversities of AOA in the western Pacific. Under these different conditions, the distinct community composition between shallow and deep-sea sediments was clearly delineated based on the UniFrac PCoA and Jackknife Environmental Cluster analyses. Phylogenetic analyses showed that a few ammonia-oxidizing archaeal subclades in the marine water column/sediment clade and endemic lineages were indicative phylotypes for some environments. Higher phylogenetic diversity was observed in the Philippines while lower diversity in the hydrothermal vent habitat. Water depth and possibly with other environmental factors could be the main driving forces to shape the phylogenetic diversity of AOA observed, not only in the SCS but also in the whole western Pacific. The multivariate regression tree analysis also supported this observation consistently. Moreover, the functions of current and other climate factors were also discussed in comparison of phylogenetic diversity. The information collectively provides important insights into the ecophysiological requirements of uncultured ammonia-oxidizing archaeal lineages in the western Pacific Ocean