360 research outputs found
Optical Aharonov-Bohm Effect on Wigner Molecules in Type-II Semiconductor Quantum Dots
We theoretically examine the magnetoluminescence from a trion and a biexciton
in a type-II semiconductor quantum dot, in which holes are confined inside the
quantum dot and electrons are in a ring-shaped region surrounding the quantum
dot. First, we show that two electrons in the trion and biexciton are strongly
correlated to each other, forming a Wigner molecule: Since the relative motion
of electrons is frozen, they behave as a composite particle whose mass and
charge are twice those of a single electron. As a result, the energy of the
trion and biexciton oscillates as a function of magnetic field with half the
period of the single-electron Aharonov-Bohm oscillation. Next, we evaluate the
photoluminescence. Both the peak position and peak height change
discontinuously at the transition of the many-body ground state, implying a
possible observation of the Wigner molecule by the optical experiment.Comment: 10 pages, 10 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
Pembuatan Sistem Ozonizer untuk Degradasi Pewarna Rhodamine B dengan Metode Peroxone Menggunakan Mikrokontroler ATMEGA 8535
The decrease of the quality water is caused by the dye waste of rhodamine B that found in liquid waste. One of the ways to treat that liquid waste is using the peroxone process that combines ozone (O3) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The production of ozonizer system is vital due to its effectivity. The system is made by adding the microcontroller of Atmega 8535 as a timing controller that can adjust the duration of ozonizer system work. In addition, the concentration of H2O2 and the optimization of ozonation process were done to produce the most optimal degradation. The optimal ozone generator works on the frequency of 3500 Hz while the power is 2.15 Watt, 3576 V of voltage, and 0.6 mA of current with the average ozone production reaching 266 ppm every 30 minutes. The greater concentration of H2O2 that used and the longer ozonation time will increase the percentage degradation of rhodamine B. The greatest degradation percentage was achieved at the H2O2 concentration of 2500 ppm. The rhodamine B of 20 ppm was successfully degraded with the highest degradation percentage reaching 97% for 150 minutes
Ultrathin thermoresponsive self-folding 3D graphene
Graphene and other two-dimensional materials have unique physical and chemical properties of broad relevance. It has been suggested that the transformation of these atomically planar materials to three-dimensional (3D) geometries by bending, wrinkling, or folding could significantly alter their properties and lead to novel structures and devices with compact form factors, but strategies to enable this shape change remain limited. We report a benign thermally responsive method to fold and unfold monolayer graphene into predesigned, ordered 3D structures. The methodology involves the surface functionalization of monolayer graphene using ultrathin noncovalently bonded mussel-inspired polydopamine and thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) brushes. The functionalized graphene is micropatterned and self-folds into ordered 3D structures with reversible deformation under a full control by temperature. The structures are characterized using spectroscopy and microscopy, and self-folding is rationalized using a multiscale molecular dynamics model. Our work demonstrates the potential to design and fabricate ordered 3D graphene structures with predictable shape and dynamics. We highlight applicability by encapsulating live cells and creating nonlinear resistor and creased transistor devices.United States. Office of Naval Research. Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative (FA9550-16-1-0031)United States. Office of Naval Research. Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative ( FA9550-15-1-0514)National Science Foundation (U.S.) (CMMI-1635443)United States. Office of Naval Research (N00014-16-1-2333
Business experience and start-up size: buying more lottery tickets next time around?
This paper explores the determinants of start-up size by focusing on a cohort of 6247 businesses that started trading in 2004, using a unique dataset on customer records at Barclays Bank. Quantile regressions show that prior business experience is significantly related with start-up size, as are a number of other variables such as age, education and bank account activity. Quantile treatment effects (QTE) estimates show similar results, with the effect of business experience on (log) start-up size being roughly constant across the quantiles. Prior personal business experience leads to an increase in expected start-up size of about 50%. Instrumental variable QTE estimates are even higher, although there are concerns about the validity of the instrument
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