Euler hydrodynamics of one-dimensional attractive particle systems

We consider attractive irreducible conservative particle systems on $\mathbb{Z}$, without necessarily nearest-neighbor jumps or explicit invariant measures. We prove that for such systems, the hydrodynamic limit under Euler time scaling exists and is given by the entropy solution to some scalar conservation law with Lipschitz-continuous flux. Our approach is a generalization of Bahadoran et al. [Stochastic Process. Appl. 99 (2002) 1--30], from which we relax the assumption that the process has explicit invariant measures.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/009117906000000115 in the Annals of Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aop/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

Associations among Yield and Yield-related Characters in Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Twenty potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) genotypes were tested at Ankober (3100 masl), Ethiopia, during the 2002 main rainy season to estimate the nature  and magnitude of correlations and path coefficient analysis among eleven characters. The experiment was laid out in RCB design with three replications  on a plot size of 6.75 m2. Highly significant differences (P < 0.01) were observed among the genotypes for all the characters studied. The result of the  experiment indicated that though genotypic correlations were higher in magnitude than that of phenotypic correlations, the direction of phenotypic  correlation coefficients were the same as that of corresponding genotypic ones for majority of the characters. At genotypic level, tuber yield per plant  was positively and significantly (P < 0.01) correlated with stem number per hill (rg = 0.588) and leaf area per plant (rg = 0.759). Path coefficient analysis at  genotypic level also indicated that these characters had positive indirect effects on tuber yield via tuber number per plant. This result suggested the  possibility of simultaneous selection of stem number per hill and leaf area per plant with tuber number per plant to maximize tuber yield. Path coefficient  analysis at genotypic level further indicated that average tuber weight, tuber number per plant, above ground biomass and internode  number are important components of tuber yield per plant. Positive and high magnitude direct effect of average tuber weight and tuber number per  plant, and their relatively high negative indirect effects on tuber yield per plant via each other indicated the need to be cautious during simultaneous  selection for improving tuber yield per plant.&nbsp

Performance Analysis of CMOS Flip-flops

Low power has emerged in today’s electronic industry. CMOS technology is best known for low power consumption, which makes the device more reliable, efficient & portable. This paper presents the comparative analysis of CMOS flip-flops for power & speed using analog simulation, and the results are discussed. DOI: 10.17762/ijritcc2321-8169.150614

No purification in all discrete theories and the power of the complete extension

Quantum theory has an outstanding property, namely each state has its well defined purification - a state extremal in the set of states in larger Hilbert space. It is known that the classical theory and the theory of non-signaling boxes does not have purification for all of their states. These theories are examples of the so called generalized probabilistic theories (GPTs). However in any non-signaling GPT each state has a number of extensions to a larger system. We single out the most relevant among them, called a complete extension, unique up to local reversible operations on the extending system. We prove that this special, finite dimensional extension bares an analogy to quantum purification in that (i) it allows for an access to all ensembles of the extended system (ii) from complete extension one can generate any other extension. It then follows, that an access to the complete extension represents the total power of the most general non-signaling adversary. A complete extension of a maximally mixed box in two-party binary input binary output scenario is up to relabeling the famous Popescu-Rohrlich box. The latter thus emerges naturally without reference to the Bell's non-locality. However the complete extension is not a purification (a vertex) in the generic case. Moreover, we show that all convex discrete theories does not provide purification for almost all of it states. In particular the theory of contextuality does not possess purification. The complete extensions are by nature high-dimensional systems. We were able however to provide explicit structure of complete extension for the noisy Popescu-Rohrlich-boxes and the 3-cycle contextual box.Comment: 34 pages, 7 figure

Effect of Planting Density on Growth Parameters and Fruit Yield in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Allahabad Safeda Cultivated under Mild Humid Conditions of Coorg

A study was carried out in 'Allahabad Safeda' guava (Psidium guajava L.) to standardize the effect of planting densities on growth parameters viz., scion girth, plant height, and spread (East - West and North - South), canopy area, canopy volume and fruit yield over a ten years period. The trial was laid out with five planting densities viz., 6x3, 6x4, 6x6, 8x4, 8x3m accommodating 555, 416, 277, 312 and 416 plants/ha respectively with four replications having sixteen plants per treatment in a randomized block design during 1988-89 season. The grafted plants on seedling rootstock were planted and the yield data were recorded from 1992 to 1997. The results indicated that the scion girth was significantly higher in 8x3 or 8x4m configurations. There were no significant differences among treatments for plant height. The plant spread across East-West direction was however significant in 8x3m. The fruit yield in Mrig bahar was significantly higher as compared to that of Hasth bahar in terms of fruit number and weight. Land Use Index (LUI) values exceeding 50% had bearing on the productivity of different configurations. The productivity was nearly double in 6x3m where, the planting density was twice as much in recommended spacing (6x6m) by sixth year of planting after which, yield levels declined. Thus, it was concluded that a spacing of 6x3m having 555 plants/ha, gives the highest productivity in 'Allahabad Safeda' guava by sixth year of planting under North Coorg conditions

Antimicrobial efficacy of plant essential oils and extracts against Escherichia coli

The efficacies of 11 plant-derived antimicrobials were evaluated against Escherichia coli in vitro in solution at room temperature. These included lemongrass, cinnamon, and oregano essential oils and their active components (citral, cinnamaldehyde, and carvacrol, respectively). Allspice and clove bud oils and olive, green tea, and grape seed extracts were also studied. The efficacies of the antimicrobials were both concentration- and exposure time-dependent. The essential oils and their active components demonstrated statistically significant >5.0-log10 reductions within 1-10 min. The plant extracts were less effective; green tea and grape seed extracts required 24 h before significant reductions were observed (1.93-log10 and 5.05-log10, respectively). Nevertheless, olive extract exhibited a reduction of ∼5-log10 within 30 min. Most of these plant-derived compounds exhibited strong bactericidal activity and can potentially be applied as alternatives to chemicals for foods/food contact surfaces since they are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for human consumption. They may also be useful in applications in which other antimicrobials have reduced efficacy (e.g., in the presence of organics) or used with sensitive populations that are unable to tolerate exposure to harsher chemicals (e.g., elderly care facilities). These compounds could be used alone, in combination, or with fast-acting antimicrobials to provide a long-lasting residual.United States Department of Agriculture [2010-51300-21760]12 month embargo; published online: 1 March 2019This item from the UA Faculty Publications collection is made available by the University of Arizona with support from the University of Arizona Libraries. If you have questions, please contact us at [email protected]

Simultaneous cellulose hydrolysis and bio-electricity generation in a mediatorless Microbial Fuel Cell using a Bacillus flexus strain isolated from wastewater

The ability of electrochemically active bacteria to degrade natural wastes suggests a wide array of applications for waste management as well as electricity generation. This study reports the results of an experimentation where five bacteria were isolated from waste water and the electrochemical activity of one of them was confirmed by their use in a Microbial Fuel Cell. The bacterium was identified to be Bacillus flexus with a 99% similarity to the IFO 15715 strain using partial 16S rDNA sequencing. Phylogenetic analysis based on the BLAST results indicated close proximity to Bacillus megaterium, a known exoelectrogen

Genome wide analysis of heat responsive microRNAs in banana during acquired thermo tolerance

MicroRNAs are a class of small regulatory RNAs in plants, which play vital roles during various abiotic and abiotic stress conditions including plant processes. In this present study, we examined the expression of miRNAs and their predicted target expression levels during heat stress in banana. Out of 235 miRNA found in Musa, 40 miRNA showed homology to heat responsive miRNAs from other plants. Further, 14 targets for miRNA were predicted that are potentially regulated by their cognate miRNAs and were monitored under three stages of stress viz, induction, induction + lethal alone using qPCR analysis. The results suggest that generally, there is a negative relationship in the expression patterns of miRNA and their predicted cognate targets - HSP70, HSP90, SAP, DNAj genes. These were highly up regulated and their respective miRNAs showed lower expression. This is the first report in banana, which demonstrated that during induction stress, various thermo-protective genes are activated at initial stages of stress to achieve thermotolerance through altered miRNA expression. The results will help in broadening our understanding acquired thermotolerance and their regulation by miRNAs in plants